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31 Cards in this Set
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Great stone tower built into settlement wall ca. 8000-7000 Jericho, Jordan -retaining wall--inside are mounds with tall walls -might have been used as a grain silo -beginning of large scale architecture can suggest they had extra food & needed to store it, which showed the development of an economy |
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Neolithic plastered skull ca. 7000 BCE Jerico, Jordan -showed development of portraiture -made from human skull, stripped of flesh & filled in with gypsum. Eyes made w/shells -heads were found separate from bodies, shows honoring of the dead, remembrance -suggested genealogy was important, your ancestors gave you social status |
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Human figures 6750-6250 BCE Ain Ghazal, Jordan Plaster, reeds, shells, bitumen -have faces -backs were flat (maybe made to hang on wall) -traces of paint on legs -sizes vary from a few inches to feet -basis of monumental sculpture and portraiture |
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Schematic reconstruction drawing of a section of Level VI Çatal Hüyük, Turkey ca. 6000 BCE -Hüyük: man-made mound -artists rendition of what Çatal Hüyük would have looked like in 6000 BCE -old homes collapsed & new ones were built on top; several layers of material -very close to a 2 peak volcano -people living there ate game animals -archeologists have found bull skulls (bull crania) there -still being excavated today -people dumped garbage in walls, used as inulation -doors are on the roof |
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Deer Hunt, detail of wall painting from Level III Çatal Hüyük, Turkey ca. 5750 BCE -large deer figures with people; this is our first time seeing people in cave paintings |
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Landscape with volcanic eruption Detail of a watercolor copy of a wall painting from Level VII Çatal Hüyük, Turkey ca. 6150 BCE |
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House at Skara Brae Orkney, Scotland c. 3100-2600 BCE -village of Skara Brae was discovered in 1850 after a storm uncovered it -fishing town piled up trash around clumps of houses for insulation -post and lintel building technique: building in as it goes up, forming a beehive shape |
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Menhir alignments at Ménec Carnac, France c. 4250-3750 BCE -menhir means large, upright stone |
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Stonehenge Salisbury Plain Wiltshire, England c. 2750-1500 BCE -built for 1,000 to 1,500 years--4 different phases of building -involves physics, trying to move huge stones possibly by rolling a platform on stone balls -canals that lead to the River Avon -sarsen--type of sandstone -excavations done by archeologists in the 1920s found the cremated remains of about 60 men, possibly important political figures -during the summer solstice, beam of sunlight shines through the entrance to the monument -suggests that it was used for a ceremonial place during the solstices -there initially was another stone henge, Blue Stonehenge nearby, in which was thought to also be part of these ceremonies, which bridge the gap between the living and the dead -being connected to the river hinted that it might have something to do with the dead; in Egypt and other cultures rivers were symbols of the dead |
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another picture of stonehenge |
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Bear ca. 30,000-28,000 BCE Chauvet Cave Vallon-Pont-d'Arc, France -much of the art was made by young men in rites of passage -in the next room, a disembodied bear head was found |
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Art of the Upper Paleolithic in Europe |
200,000 years ago: homo sapiens were using stone tools 120,000-100,000: homo sapiens sapiens |
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Stone age |
paleolithic, mesolithic, & neolithic |
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Paleolithic |
Paleo=old, lithos=stone in greek 9000-8000 BCE upper: topmost layer of land |
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Mesolithic |
meso=middle glacial period Europe -advance of ice & then recession of glaciers -not very much archeological record of anything made by humans |
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Neolithic |
Neso=new change from hunting & gathering to agriculture & animal husbandry |
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Hybrid figure with a human body and feline head ca. 40,000-28,000 BCE Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany Mammoth ivory -not a creature that exists in real life -therianthropic: shape of both a human and an animal |
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Woman of Willendorf ca. 28,000-25,000 BCE Austria Limestone, remnants of ochre pigment -called "venus" figurines bc they're thought to represent fertility & reproduction, which is what the goddess venus represents -3 inches tall -probably made by a woman, stomach, breasts & buttoxes are large and look like what a pregnant woman would see when looking down at her body -not emphasized: face, shoulders, feet -head is textured like a weaving, which is a technology done by women, & wearing weavings represented important, well fed, & often pregnant women |
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Woman holding a Bison Horn ca. 25,000-20,000 BCE Laussel, Dordogne, France Relief on limestone wall |
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Woman from Ostrava Petrkevice, Czech Republic ca. 23,000 BCE -made out of hematite -dif from other female figurines, very fit & thin -not pregnant |
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Dame a la Capuche, aka Woman from Brassempouy ca. 23,000 BCE Brassempouy, France Hematite -hair that looks like a hood -tiny, about an inch tall -placed carefully in a hole in the ground, covered by a lid -has facial features: nose & indents for eyes -made with a single sharp tool -artists made a reproduction of it & spend 72 hours |
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Horse ca 28,000 BCE Vogelherd Cave, Germany Mammoth ivory |
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Spear Thrower with interlocking Ibexes ca. 16,000 BCE Grotte d'Enlène, France Reindeer antler |
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Bison ca 15,000-10,000 BCE La Madeleine Dordogne, France reindeer antler -bison body in simplified form -twisted perspective, head twisted around |
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Two Bison ca. 13,000 BCE Le Tuc s'Audoubert Cave Ariege, France Clay -group of people went far into the case to make this, using the natural protrusion of rocks -left various sizes of hand & footprints, which showed that various members of the community worked on it together |
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Wounded Bison ca 15,000-10,000 BCE Altamira Cave, Spain -Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola brought 12 year old daughter into cave & she looked up & found this painting of a bison -made out of wood charcoal -called "wounded" or "dead bison" -however, a scholar discovered that bison roll in dirt as a mating ritual -made with charcoal and red core -made by spitting pigment onto wall, bc pigment is powder & needs moisture -used natural shape of rock |
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Hall of the Bulls ca 15,000-13,000 BCE La Mouthe Cave Dordogne, France -very deep inside of the cave -bulls, horses, deer, & bears -engraved into wall, can't see it unless you stand really close -all animals share same horizon, all on same earth -cave was used by several years, people would come in & out and add more |
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Lamp with ibex design ca. 15,000-13,000 BCE La Mouthe Cave Dordogne, France Stone -rock lamp, animal fat was put in it and burned -after stone was used it was broken & left there, which is interesting bc they took the time to make & decorate it |
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Spotted horses and human hands ca. 16,000 BCE Pech-Merle Cave, France -there used to be a huge, red ocre colored fish over entire thing, it was scraped off and this was painted in its spot -handprints are negative, so person held hand up to wall and spit -pigment they chewed might have made them hallucinate |
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Overlapping animal engravings ca. 40,000-10,000 BCE Les Trois Freres, France Original: cave wall incised drawings Rubbing: done by Abbe Breuil |
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Rinoceros, wounded man, & bison ca. 15,000-13,000 BCE Lascaux, Dordogne, France -in the deepest recesses of the cave -animal's guts are hanging out of body -could represent a story; visual cues show movement, maybe part of a narrative -oldest depiction we have of something that could be a story |
