Art History | Exam Ii

Front 1

What is counter-Reformation?

Back 1

The period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War.

Front 2

What is the Council of Trent?

Back 2

Was one of the Roman Catholic Church's most important ecumenical councils.

Front 3

What is Baroque?

Back 3

Means irregular shaped pearl. The art is over the top, colorful, theatrical and passionate. It was an age of expansion and discovery.

Front 4

Main baroque themes

Back 4

Sense of time: truth, death

Light: Physical, weaponized, spirituality, lighting effects

Front 5

What is a symbol of the baroque style?

Back 5

An oval

Front 6

Camera Obscura

Back 6

Projects a picture upside down

Front 7

Tenebrism

Back 7

Also called dramatic illumination, is a style of painting using very pronounced chiaroscuro, where there are violent contrasts of light and dark, and where darkness becomes a dominating feature of the image.

Front 8

What is Caravaggisti?

Back 8

Were stylistic followers of the 16th-century Italian Baroque painter Caravaggio.

Front 9

What is vanitas?

Back 9

A still-life painting of a 17th-century Dutch genre containing symbols of death or change as a reminder of their inevitability. Just as a momento-mori

Front 10

What is pronk still life?

Back 10

A display of still life featuring imported fruits and expensive objects.

Front 11

What is pronkstilleven?

Back 11

A style of ornate still life painting, which was developed in the 1640s in Antwerp from where it spread quickly to the Dutch Republic.

Front 12

The Royal Academy of Art

Back 12

An art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London

Front 13

Who was the Sun King?

Back 13

A nickname for Louis xiv that captures the magnificence of his court and of the Palace of Versailles, which he built.

Front 14

Hôtel

Back 14

Little homes for aristocrat families

Front 15

What is chinoiserie?

Back 15

The imitation or evocation of Chinese motifs and techniques in Western art, furniture, and architecture, especially in the 18th century.

Front 16

Bernini - The Ecstasy of St. Teresa

Back 16

-Coronado family paid for this

-Teresa was a spanish saint

-Believed that the soul is the bride of Christ

Front 17

Borromini - San Carlino

Back 17

Front 18

Caravaggio - The Conversion of St. Paul

Back 18

-Hard directed light (stage light)

- Painter of saints with dirty feet

- Made religious scenes relatable

- A beam of light struck him and knocked him off his horse

- Saul becomes Paul

- Loves greek mythology

Front 19

What is Bernini known for?

Back 19

Sculpture, Painting, Architecture

This guy is pretty bad ass

Front 20

What is Gentileschi known for?

Back 20

She's a woman

Killing men in her paintings

Theatrical lighting

Dark artistic style with a mixture of 'mystical'

Front 21

What is Zurbaran known for?

Back 21

Most paintings were done for churches

Was a painter

Front 22

Velazquez - Las Maninas

Back 22

Worked for Catholic church and the king

Puzzle painting

King and queen are in the background in the mirror

Rolling style brush work

Far away looks beautiful, but close up is ugly

Front 23

What is Rubens known for?

Back 23

Ladies on the chubby side

Well painted skin

Diplomat, worked for church, politician

Religious paintings

Rolling quality in brush work

Painting the Marie de' Medici series

Front 24

What is a Kunstkammer?

Back 24

An art closet (a cabinet of curiosities)

Front 25

Snyders - Market Stall

Back 25

- Over the top

- First still life game

- Little kid pit pocketing

- Roosters fighting while cat watches

Front 26

Hals - The Jolly Toper (The Jolly Drinker)

Back 26

- Did private commissions

- Very casual

- Quick sketch

- Neutral colors

- Someone else buys these portraits

Front 27

What is Rembrandt known for?

Back 27

Golden light

Mainly did group and self portraits

Dark background

Soft edges

Master print maker

Apposto - thick application of paint

Front 28

Vermeer - Officer and Laughing Girl

Back 28

- Used projecting images

- Worked in only one town his entire life

- Becomes Catholic

- Photographic quality

- Known for putting maps

- Flirtatious

Front 29

Rigaud - Portrait of Louis XIV

Back 29

- Thought he was a son of the sun

- Head of the french art academy

- Expensive

- He's short

- Cape represented France and was possibly made out of ferrets ;-;

- Was a ballet dancer

Front 30

What is Georges de la Tour known for?

Back 30

Spotlight effect

Simplified figures

Not as much grand drapery

Rounded edges

Front 31

Watteau - A Pilgrimage to Cythera

Back 31

- Known for having an edge of melancholy

- Atmospheric perspective

- Looser style of clothing

- Small figures, soft edges

- Sad because they're going back to the real world

- Broccoli trees

Front 32

What is Boucher known for?

Back 32

Painting Louis' favorite mistress

Boucher is her favorite painter

Good at painting flesh

Often includes roses

Edges are crisper

Very light and nonsexual paintings

Front 33

Fragonard - The Swing

Back 33

- Flirty

- Painting style is fast

- Commissioned by a Baron

- Saying that the higher she swings, you can see under her skirt

Front 34

What is Chardin known for?

Back 34

Started his career as a still life painter

Rough painter

Was teased that he couldn't paint figures

Neutral colors

Front 35

What is Hogarth known for?

Back 35

Printmaker

Story type of painting

Usually nasty and lewd

Front 36

Zimmermann - Die Wies

Back 36

- Oval shaped

- Became passionate over a sculpture that is now in the center of the altar and created this building to commemorate him

- Gates of paradise on the ceiling

- Pilgrimage church

Front 37

The enlightenment and art

Back 37

Seeing the world through science instead of religion

Front 38

Enlightenment light symbolism

Back 38

Represents science enlightenment instead of religion

Front 39

The Grand Tour

Back 39

A tour of Italy. The idea that a young man needed to travel to round his education. It would secure his place in society.

Front 40

Panopticon

Back 40

All seeing eye (of God). The idea was to put it into a jail and people thought that people would act decently if they were being watched.

Front 41

Romanticism

Back 41

A movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual. Mainly about emotion and imagination.

Front 42

Neoclassicism

Back 42

The decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome. Mainly about order, being rational and calm.

Front 43

David - Oath of the Horatii

Back 43

- David worked for Louis XVI

- French revolutionary was going to chop off Louis XVI's head

- Court painter for Napoleon Bonaparte

- Two cities that go to war with only three people as their army

- Sons of Haraci and swords being given to them

- Known for muted colors

- Women give away emotion

Front 44

David - Death of Marat

Back 44

- Marat was a journalist that wrote about the French Revolution

- Paper was called "Friend of the People"

- President of Jacobins Club

- Got a terrible skin condition from being in the sewers

- Stayed in a bathtub because of his skin condition

- Got stabbed by Charlotte Corday

Front 45

Fuseli - The Nightmare

Back 45

- An incubus is perched on her

- Curtains and horse are a phallic symbol

Front 46

Edmund Burke (Sublime)

Back 46

Human beings are more attracted to horror than beauty

Feeling deeply no matter good or bad is what people want

Front 47

Blake - Elohim Creating Adam

Back 47

- Painter, printmaker

- Said to be a visionary

- Has his own religion

- God is trying to bring Adam back to life, but can't

- Loved Michelangelo

- Connection with the old testament

Front 48

Thomas Jefferson

Back 48

An architect using brick instead of stone

Front 49

Goya - The Third of May 1808

Back 49

- Known for shadowy, sinister ideas

- A historical painting

- In a crucified position

- French army is dehumanized by not showing their face and wearing hats.

Front 50

Goya - The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters

Back 50

- Known for shadowy, sinister ideas

- Print

- From a series called "Los Caprichos" which are comments about human nature

- Derives a lot of his work from the Neoplatonic war

- Did a second series called "The diasters of war"

Front 51

Friedrich - Abbey in an Oak Forest

Back 51

- Known for landscape paintings

- Showing the insignificance of humanity to nature

- God is in everything

- Very gloomy outlook

Front 52

Cole - The Oxbow

Back 52

- An American painter

- Landscape artist

- Cole and Thomas' paintings helped preserve the National Parks

- Right is civilized while the left side represents the power of nature

- A secret self portrait

Front 53

Turner - The Slave Ship

Back 53

- British painter

- Called himself the grandfather of impressionism

- Was interested in painting atmosphere

- Imposto brush work

- Painted outside most the time

Front 54

Ingres - Grande Odalisque

Back 54

- Known as a great defender of neoclassicism

- Color is not as important as line

- Worked for Napoleon

- Was fascinated by Turkish herims

- Known for sketches

- Giving exotic looks: turban, peacock duster, hookah

- No visible brush strokes

Front 55

Delacroix - Death of Sardanapalus

Back 55

- Embraces romantic subjects

- The painting is about a work of literature

- A man gathers all his beautiful objects and destroys them all and then commits suicide

- Loved painting exotic scenes

- Fast paced painting

- Loved painting lions eating things

Front 56

Gericault - The Raft of the Medusa

Back 56

- Extreme human emotion

- Went to unusual places to paint

- Painted at an insane asylum

- Studied psychology and how people work

- The gov. got on the life boats and left the passengers stranded

Front 57

Courbet - The Stone Breakers

Back 57

- He called himself the father of realism

- Some thought that this was controversial

- Destroyed in WWII

- Stages of life

- Depersonalizes is by not showing their faces

Front 58

Bouguereau - Nymphs and a Satyr

Back 58

- Satyrs are known to be lustful

- Values a raw finish

Front 59

Manet - Olympia

Back 59

- Did not have to paint for money

- Wanted to change French painting

- Called the father of impressionism by others

- Accepted by the Salon

- Controversial

- The model was Manets favorite painter

Front 60

Mount - The Power of Music

Back 60

- Genre painting

- Patron to pay for him to go on a trip to Europe

- Made a book on racism in America

- Addressing underlining issues of racism

Front 61

Manet - Luncheon on the Grass

Back 61

- Same model from Olympia

- Looks bored and not sexual

- Composition came from a print from Raphael

Front 62

What kind of prints were a huge movement to impressionists?

Back 62

Japanese

Front 63

Monet - Wheatstack, sun in the mist

Back 63

- Used pleinair

- Interested in time, light and color

- Used imposto

- Known for painting water lilies

- Began to go blind at the end of his life

Front 64

What did impressionists call themselves?

Back 64

The Anonymous Society

Front 65

Renoir - Luncheon of the Boating Party

Back 65

- Began painting plates and then becomes interested in colors and impressionism

- His faces all look the same (especially the women)

- Friend of Monet

- Known for painting boaters

- Famous for saying that he paints with his dick

Front 66

Degos - The Orchestra of the Paris Opera

Back 66

- Uses complete black

- Uses black and white to guide ones eye

- Loves action painting

Often uses pastel

- The composition is always important

- Uses camera cropping

- Includes awkward things

- Interested in line

Front 67

Cassatt - The Child's Bath

Back 67

- American painter

- Private world of women and children (tender moments)

- Influenced by photography and Chinese prints