Art History Chapter 23/24

Front 1

What were two consequences of urbanization in the 19th century?

Back 1

¼ population in cities to ¾ in cities. Cities are “mushrooming”—substandard housing. Improved work opportunities.

Front 2

What was the fundamental idea of Karl Marx?

Back 2

promotes workers and disapproves of capitalism; called for the working class to overthrow the capitalist system

Front 3

What was the input of Charles Darwin? To what did it contribute?

Back 3

Theory of evolution; competition among species and only the strongest survive. They adapt to the environment and the weakest die off.

Front 4

What did the increasing industrialized nations need?

Back 4

Other resources to make what they need. (land) The nations with the greatest armies conquered most of the land.

Front 5

Which term is a chronological term, referring to the art of the past few centuries? Which were two modern art movements of the 19th century?

Back 5

modern art; realism & impressionism

Front 6

Which artist shows a blurred and reflective nightlife scene and is called the first modernist artist?

Back 6

Leisure time activities

Front 7

Which artist was interested in patterns of movement in the Paris ballet school and of horses at the racetrack, his favorite themes?

Back 7

Edgar Degas

Front 8

Which painter of dancers and horses also used pastels as his favorite medium?

Back 8

Degas

Front 9

In what six ways did Impressionist artists utilize photography and the newly available designs of Japanese woodblock prints?

Back 9

The casual arrangement of figures; a top or tilted view of space; a random cropping; tendency towards flatness; use of diagonals;

Front 10

Which Japanese print, by which artist, may have inspired Degas’s work, the Tub?

Back 10

”Two Women in the Bath”

Front 11

Which American female artist exhibited with the Impressionists and had as her favorite themes the activities of women and children?

Back 11

Mary Cassatt

Front 12

Which American expatriate artist named his artworks by musical terms, signed his name with a woodblock stamp, and was the instigator of a libel suit against John Ruskin which he won but bankrupted him? Which work of his is probably one of the best known in America?

Back 12

James Abbot McNeill Whistler, “Art for arts sake”

Front 13

What did the Post Impressionists explore?

Back 13

line, pattern, form, and color

Front 14

Which artist was a short crippled man who portrayed sordid Parisian nightlife primarily through poster advertisements?

Back 14

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Front 15

The work of which people in color theory may have influenced Seurat and the Post Impressionists?

Back 15

Chevrule(?)—rule of simultaneous contrasts (Red and Green, etc) Rood-first one to diagram colors; Earnest Mace—how colors effect our psyche; Charles Henry—psychological experience of color.

Front 16

Although no one is certain that he had contact with Chevruel’s theories about the perception of color, which artist certainly experimented with the blending of colors by the eye? What technique did he use?

Back 16

Seurat; pointillism (or divisionism)

Front 17

Which painter only sold one painting in his lifetime but had a painting sold for 82.5 million after his death?

Back 17

Van Gogh

Front 18

Which artist revealed his stormy emotions through his brushwork and paint color selection?

Back 18

Van Gogh

Front 19

Which artist had lessons from Pissarro, studied the peasants of Brittany, went to Tahiti to experience “arcadia”, and used rather arbitrary bright colors?

Back 19

Gaugain

Front 20

Does Gauguin paint what the Impressionist’s eye would have seen and the replicated? If not, why not?

Back 20

No; he painted mainly from memory

Front 21

Which Post Impressionist artist had a theory about painting and painted the mountain behind his home numerous times?

Back 21

Cezanne

Front 22

Which style of painting held that the inner experience of fact is what is supposed to be painted, not the exterior presentation of a scene? Which four artists painted with this style?

Back 22

symbolists Moreau, Chavannes, Redon, Gypsy, Beardsley, Munch

Front 23

Which graphic artist used this style in beautiful black and white line illustrations?

Back 23

Aubrey Beardsley

Front 24

Which artist did subjects that evoke an emotional response to his scenes of despair?

Back 24

Edvard Munch

Front 25

Which Austrian artist captures the flat patterning and sensuous images of the fin de siecle?

Back 25

Gustav Klimt

Front 26

Which female artist used photography later in life to depict symbolic thermes, to gibe events of daily life a spiritual sense?

Back 26

Gertrude Kasebier

Front 27

Which American sculptor completed a mourning portrait of Mrs. Henry Adams?

Back 27

Augustus Saint-Gaudens

Front 28

Which sculpture show influences from Michelangelo and the Laocoon?

Back 28

Ugolino and His Children by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux

Front 29

Which artist conveyed a sense of Impressionism by broken light on the surface of his bronzes, most of which were of the human figure in motion? Which other famous work is by this artist?

Back 29

Auguste Rodin; Walking Man and Burgers of Calais

Front 30

Which artist’s work was not heroic enough for its patrons and was hidden on a back street instead of place in a central park?

Back 30

Ausguste Rodin

Front 31

Which artist conveyed a sense of Impressionism by broken light on the surface of his bronzes, most of which were of the human figure in motion? Which other famous work is by this artist?

Back 31

Auguste Rodin; Walking Man and Burgers of Calais

Front 32

Which artist’s work was not heroic enough for its patrons and was hidden on a back street instead of place in a central park?

Back 32

Ausguste Rodin

Front 33

Which movement was against the evils of industrialism and for the return of quality handcrafted goods? Two examples of this style?

Back 33

The Arts and Crafts movement

Front 34

Which Art Movement developed out of the Arts and Crafts Movement? Other names for It?

Back 34

Art Nouveau (New Art) Floueale, Modernismo

Front 35

Which art style had as its most distinguishing trademark the whiplash line, used in metal design in interiors? An example?

Back 35

Art Nouveau; Victor Horta’s staircase in the Van Eetvelde House

Front 36

Which American artist is known for favrile glass, especially lamps which are often reproduced today?

Back 36

Louis Comfort Tiffany

Front 37

Which Spanish architect seems to express the excitement of the discovery of the prehistoric caves at Altamira, Spain in 1879?

Back 37

Antonio Gaudi

Front 38

Which French monument utilized for the first time reinforced concrete in its base and was the world’s tallest manmade structure in the 19th century?

Back 38

Eiffel Tower

Front 39

How did fires change the way structures were built?

Back 39

They wanted to make structures more safe. So They hid metal in fireproof brick.

Front 40

What is the “avante guarde”? Who were the first to have this label?

Back 40

post-impressionists

Front 41

Which art style refers to art that is the result of the artist’s unique inter or personal vision that often provokes an emotional response from the viewer?

Back 41

expressionism—trying to communicate how you feel

Front 42

Which style of art rejected local color (color matching the object) and focused on simplified design and shockingly intense juxtaposed colors, so much so that they were called “wild beasts”? Who was leader of the movement? An example?

Back 42

the Fauves. Matisse’s Woman with the Hat

Front 43

Which artist said, “Color was not given to us to imitate Nature. It was given to us so that we can express our emotions.”

Back 43

Henri Matiise

Front 44

Which German artist was a member of Die Brucke, a group which painted distorted forms with intense brush strokes and emotional color, but lived in together to practice the arts like a medieval crafts guild?

Back 44

Andrew Derain

Front 45

Which German Expressionist focused on the detrimental effects of industrialization, in particular the alienation felt by people of the city?

Back 45

Ernest Ludwig Kirchner

Front 46

Who concluded that matter was not a solid tangible reality but another form of energy? How did that challenge art? What style of art fragmented objects?

Back 46

Einstein

Front 47

Who are two members of the German Expressionist group who called themselves Der Blaue Reiter because they loved blue and horses?

Back 47

Franz Marc Kandinksy

Front 48

Who was among the first artist to explore complete abstraction or the elimination of the visible object?

Back 48

Vassily Kandinsky

Front 49

Which artist was the among the first to speak of certain colors associated with certain feelings?

Back 49

Franz Marc

Front 50

Which German woman is famous because of her poignant drawings and prints?

Back 50

Kathe Kollwitz

Front 51

Which German artist was affected by the war to produce elongated figures that have an undertone of anguish?

Back 51

Wilhelm Lehmbruck

Front 52

Which couple provided a hospitable surrounding for new artists and collected their work?

Back 52

Gertrude and Leo Stein and the Avant-Garde

Front 53

Which Spanish artist is one of the most prolific in history, exploring every artistic medium in a variety of styles in his lengthy career?

Back 53

Pablo Picasso

Front 54

Which artist was influenced by prehistoric Iberian art, African art which he collected, and the art theories of Cezanne and said “I do not paint what I see, but what I think”?

Back 54

Pablo Picasso

Front 55

Which work by Picasso took more than 80 sittings?

Back 55

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

Front 56

Which German artist was affected by the war to produce elongated figures that have an undertone of anguish?

Back 56

Wilhelm Lehmbruck

Front 57

Which couple provided a hospitable surrounding for new artists and collected their work?

Back 57

Gertrude and Leo Stein and the Avant-Garde

Front 58

Which Spanish artist is one of the most prolific in history, exploring every artistic medium in a variety of styles in his lengthy career?

Back 58

Pablo Picasso

Front 59

Which artist was influenced by prehistoric Iberian art, African art which he collected, and the art theories of Cezanne and said “I do not paint what I see, but what I think”?

Back 59

Pablo Picasso

Front 60

Which work by Picasso took more than 80 sittings?

Back 60

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

Front 61

Who shared a studio with Picasso for several years and did “The Portuguese”?

Back 61

Georges Braque

Front 62

Which style of art fragments the forms, but reduces the colors used to a monochrome of tones?

Back 62

Analytical cubism

Front 63

Which art did fragmented forms but in a kaleidoscope of color shards?

Back 63

Champs de Mars or The Red Tower

Front 64

Which style of art uses glued on pieces of paper to represent part of the subject?

Back 64

Synthetic cubism

Front 65

What is the difference between collage and assemblage?

Back 65

assemblage is 3D. collage is 2D.

Front 66

Which three sculptors work in the Cubistic style of abstraction and fragmented forms?

Back 66

Lipchitz, Archipenko, Gonzalez

Front 67

Which architect and which painter were inspired by the machine aesthetic in a style called Purism?

Back 67

Fernand Leger

Front 68

Which art style focuses on the depiction of movement, thought that a speeding car was more beautiful than the Nike of Samothrace, advocated the destruction of museums and artifacts from the past, and glorified war?

Back 68

Futurism

Front 69

Name three artists and works that exemplify Italian futurism.

Back 69

Balla, Boccioni, Severini

Front 70

Which art style is more of a mind-set or attitude which was satirical, absurd, nihilistic, humorous at times, deliberately nonsensical, often a performance, included found objects, relied on chance, and was produced during the horrors of WWI? Examples?

Back 70

Dada—“toward nothingness”; Jean (Hans) Arp’s Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance; Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain

Front 71

Which German Dada artist made a non-objective Cubist collage out of rubbish?

Back 71

Kurt Schwitters

Front 72

Which woman founded the Whitney Museum of Art? The Museum of Modern Art? The Gardner?

Back 72

Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney

Front 73

Which exhibit, where and when, brought modern European art to America and placed modern American art alongside it?

Back 73

National Guard Armory in DC in 1913.

Front 74

Which work of art in the above exhibit was the most scandalous, the most lampooned of the exhibit?

Back 74

Nude Descending the Staircase

Front 75

Which photographer who also did paintings, sculptures, and movies liked to displace ordinary objects out of their everyday settings?

Back 75

Man Ray

Front 76

Which American artist memorialized his German friend killed in combat in an abstact arrangement?

Back 76

Marsden Hartley

Front 77

Which American artist was fascinated with the packaging of products such a cigarettes?

Back 77

Stuart Davis

Front 78

Which African American artist did murals on African American life and was part of the Harlem Renaissance during the Great Depression?

Back 78

Aaron Douglas

Front 79

Which American artist compared giant abstracted grain elevators to the monuments of Egypt?

Back 79

Charles Demuth

Front 80

Which American woman is known mostly for her depictions of cow skulls and flowers, but in the text is represented by an abstraction of N.Y. at night?

Back 80

Georgia O’Keefe

Front 81

Which photographer reduced the human form to abstraction?

Back 81

Edward Weston

Front 82

Which American photographer helped modern art in America by displaying it in a gallery on #291 5th Avenue and espoused “straight” photography?

Back 82

Alfred Stieglitz