Art History

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Heinrich Schliemann

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Aarcheologist known for searching Mycenae grave shaft. Among his many discoveries, he found the mask of Agamemnon...but no proof was found on whether he faked it or not. He also found five other funerary masks along with an excessive amount of gold.

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Sir Arthur Evans

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British archaeologist who named Crete, Minoan between 1900 BCE and 1475 after the legend of Minos, a king who ruled from the capital, Knossos. (The legend states that 14 tributes each year were forced to go into a labyrinth to fight the Minotaur in there--happened until Theseus won)

He also called the old palace period architectural complexes "palaces"

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Gail Hoffman

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Argued that the Cycladic Figures were in relation to rituals of mourning the dead. He figured this because the vertical red lines painted on the faces. He believed that these sculptures were used in relation to the important motifs of ones life... puberty , marriage, and death--these would then follow them to death. However, no evidence to prove

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Homer

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The poet and writer of the Illiad. His accounts of Trojan War help with History... Agamemnon transcending to his mask and Heinrich Schliemann's assumptions

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Legend of King Minos

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Minos, the king who ruled over the capital of Crete, Knossos. The son of the wife of King Minos and a bull belonging to Poseidon was put into a Labyrinth...the minotaur had an appetite for human so Minos ordered Athens to send a yearly tribute of 14 young men and women to go into the maze. This ended when Theseus defeated the beast.

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Old Palace Period

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1900 CE when Sir Arthur Evans began uncovering archeological complex at Knossos. These housings were for aristocrats..not kings. Pottery took a turn after the wheel was introduced...extreme thinness, painted decoration, stylized

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New Palace Period

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1900 BCE -- terrible earthquake occurred, and rebuilding of Knossos occurred, launching this period. It was considered highest point in Minoan Society. Everything was a lot more open in courtyards opposed to closed in temples. The walls were coated with plaster and some were painted with murals. There were many store rooms lining the halls. (olive oil 20,000 gallons). There were archives and business rooms...but no temples and shrines. Some rooms did have religious function..just not like Egypt.

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Labyrinth

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House of the Double Axes. Later known as Maze

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Linear A and Linear B

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???

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Kamares ware

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Old Palace Minoan ceramics--Kamares ware is named after the cave on Mount Ida overlooking complex at Phaistos in southern Crete. Hallmark of this ceramic ware is that it was exported to Egypt and Syria--its extreme thinness, use of color, grace, stylized, painted decoration. Has a "beaked" pouring spout.

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Light well

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New palace period styled housing...lightwells were open courtyards where sun would hit

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Buon fresco

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water based pigments are applied to a plaster surface...if the plaster is painted when wet, the paint owll absorb in the plaster and be permanent on the wall.

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fresco secco

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method when painting on the dried plaster, the color may eventually flake off

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Rhyton

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A vessel in the shape of a figure or an animal, used for drink in for pouring liquids on special occasions.

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"marine style"

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happened in the new palace period where depictions of sea life were put onto the faces of pottery (octopus Flask)

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Repousse

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technique of pushing or hammering metal from back to create a protruding image

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Akrotiri

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a town on the Aegean island of Thera that was famous for Saffron--a yellow die used in textiles...part of Thera eruption

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Thera

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Volcano Erupted here and preserved a lot. allows archeologists to better understand bronze age in Aegean lands.

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Vertical Recession

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???

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Helladic

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The term to designate the Aegean Bronze Age on Mainland Greece--extending from 3000 to 1000 BCE. They brought advancements in metalwork, ceramics and architectural design

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Megaron

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the main hall of a Mycenaean palace of grand house

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Cyclopean Masonry

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Stonework found in Mycenaean architecture where limestone boulders are build together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and no use of mortar

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Relieving Triangle

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The piece found on top of a arch ... post and lintel system--triangle has animals inside like THE LION GATE

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Shaft Graves

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Helladic Culture graves that were deep underground. In these graves, ruling families were layer clothed and wearing gold with weapons. Schliemman had found 5 masks in these

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Niello

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A metal technique in which black sulfur alloy is rubbed into fine lines engraved into metal ..when heated the alloy becomes fused with surrounding metal and provides contrasting detail. (DAGGER BLADE WITH LION HUNT)

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Tholos

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Tombs found around 1600 BCE that were above ground and shaped like a beehive... Mycenae

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Corbel vault

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projecting courses of stone (tholos tombs)

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Courses

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Horizontal layer of stone used in a building (tholos tomb)

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ashlar

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precisely cut locks of stone...smoothly leaning inward and carefully calculated to meet a single capstone at the peak

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Agamemnon

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Leader of his forces in the Trojan War, written in Homer's epic poem... Schliemann had found his funerary mask in a grave shaft. Hoax? IDK.

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krater

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Ancient Greek Vessel used for mixing wine and water--have a distinct shape.