Art Hist Second Midterm Cards

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Mesoamerica

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Area consisting of modern-day Mexico and Central America before Spanish conquest

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Tlaloc

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Pre-Aztec, Rain God, storm diety, identified by "goggly eyes", Maya call him Chac

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Quetzalcoatl

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“Feathered Serpent,” (pre-Aztec) god of wind, life, etc

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Talud-Tablero

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step-sided pyramid style

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Lord Pakal

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Maya ruler at Palenque

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Chacmool

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Reclining figure sculpture seen in Mayan and Toltec Regions.

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Popol Vuh

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Maya sacred book

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Codex

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Ancient Manuscript

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Lord 8 Deer

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Mixtec Tribe Leader known for his conquests

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Nahuatl

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Indigenous language spoken by Aztecs at the time. Lots of English words come from this (tomato, cocoa, avocado, etc.)

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Chinapas

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Floating man-made "gardens", often used for farming

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Chicomoztoc

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"Place of Seven Caves,” Eden-like mythical origin place of the Aztec Mexicas, Tepanecs, Acolhuas, and other Nahuatl-speaking peoples (or Nahuas) of the central Mexico region of Mesoamerica, in the Postclassic period

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Mexica

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Nomadic tribe that founded the Aztec empire

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Aztec

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modern term applied to members of the Triple Alliance & their tributary empire

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Tenochtitlan

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Capital of the Aztec empire

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Coatlicue

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“Snakes Her Skirt” or “She of the Serpent Skirt,” mother of Huitzilopochtli

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Coyolxauhqui

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“Bells Her Cheeks” or “She of Golden Bells,” sister of Huitzi

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Huitzilopochtli

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“Hummingbird Left,” Mexica tribe’s main deity, Aztec war god

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1200 BCE

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Wooden Busts from El Manatí, oldest artwork discovered in the Americas

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1-50 CE

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First pyramid built at Teotihuacan

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1521

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Fall of Tenochtitlan

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1521-1821

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Mesoamerica become "New Spain", A colony of Spain.

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1810

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War for Independence from Spain begins

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1821

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Mexico is born

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OLMEC
(El Manati Wooden Busts)
1200 BCE
Howling Babies? Most Olmec art resembles this theme. Found baby fetus bones in site with these

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Front 26

OLMEC
Colossal heads at La Venta and San Lorenzo
9 feet high, 20 tons
Matthew Stirling found 10 of them
Housed in museum at Veracruz

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Front 27

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OLMEC

JAGUAR WERE-BABIES

Ier-Ego of the shaman
sort of "king of the jungle" so a symbol of power
Half jaguar/half human

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OLMEC

LA VENTA, MOSAIC OFFERING
Depict's a face,maybe?Miller,in the reading,calls it a “mask”
was built and then reburied by their own Olmec people, covered in clay,so no one really looked at it like we look at art today.

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OLMEC

Circle Group Meeting

La Venta, Offering #4, Olmec, figurines made of jadeite and serpentine stones, figures about 6”tall, c. 900-400 BCE
Covered in cinnabar and buried

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Front 30

ZAPOTEC
Monte-Alban
500 BC

13000 feet above sea level

common people did not live here, for elites, political center. people probably
Site came to unify and conquer the rest of the Oaxaca valley.

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ZAPOTEC
Los Danzantes (The Dancers)
Appear to be dancers carved into reliefs

Actually enemies kneeling after being defeated
some show castration and other forms of torture
(Blood and injuries marked by swirling lines)

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Teotihuacan

An Aztec term meaning "Place of the gods"
This site was already an ancient site for the Aztecs, was over 1000 years old at time of Aztecs

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Rose in first century AD (500) and very quickly collapsed (AD 550). Probably a multicultured city, many different languages. At TIkal, Mayans intermarried with Teotihuacanos. Zapotec of Monte Alban must have copied their pyramid style. 150,000+ people at peak, a very planned out city.

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TEOTIHUACAN
Pyramid of The Sun
Goes up in 50 years
Sign of power of the state
Built over a natural cave
Some say it was dedicated to storm god, some say to a sun god, hence the name. May be a misnomer.

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TEOTIHUACAN
Pyramid of The Moon
Don't know for sure, but scholars think that this was dedicated to the moon; we know for sure water was important here.
Seven stages of construction
Obsidian workshop directly next to this pyramid

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TEOTIHUACAN
Tepantitla Murals from apartment compound
Depict possible dieties?

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TEOTIHUACAN
Tepantitla Mural
Water Diety? Great goddess? Butterfly goddess?
Water coming out of hands, shells reference to water

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Temple of Quetzalcoatl or the Plumed/Feathered Serpent
Perhaps new ruler built this? New style.
Center of attention in city shifted
Facade taludes have long undulating serpent with shells laid in the facade, reference to water
Tableros have alternating images of feathered serpent god and storm god head

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Front 38

MAYA
Jaguar Pyramid or Temple of The Giant Jaguar at Tikal
Name comes from a lintel that has a king sitting atop a jaguar throne.
Temple associated with a Classical Period ruler, tomb was built then the temple built over it.
Jewelry and bones found within as well

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MAYA
Palace and Temple of the Inscriptions of the Palace at Palenque
Relief sculptures between doorways

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MAYA
Lord Pakal's Tomb, Sarcophagus Lid
Lord pakal lying ontop of the Earth Monster,
Below him are open jaws of the jaguar, symbolizing Xibalba, or the keeper of hell.
Above is the celestial bird
Lord Pakal lies between these two on this lid

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MIXTEC
Codex Nuttall
Ancient book containing images and glyphs
Found by Spanish conquistadors, sent back to Spain
Pre-Columbian style books employed by a multi-cultural royalty between 1200-1520

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
CROCODILE

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
DEATH

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MIXTEX
CODEX NUTTALL
MONKEY

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
VULTURE

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
WIND

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
DEER

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
GRASS

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
EARTHQUAKE

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
HOUSE

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
RABBIT

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
REED

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
FLINT

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
LIZARD

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
WATER

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
JAGUAR

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
RAIN

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
SERPENT

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
DOG

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
EAGLE

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
FLOWER

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
YEAR SIGN A-O

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
PLACES - HILL

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
PLACES - RIVER OR LAKE

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MIXTEC
CODEX NUTTALL
PLACES - TOWN

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MIXTEC

CODEX NUTTALL
PLACES - PLAIN

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AZTEC
TEMPLO MAYOR
Great architectural achievement at Tenochtitlan
Multiple layers of construction, as shown.
Tlaloc and Huitzilopotchli shrines.

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Front 68

AZTEC
COATLICUE

"snakes her skirt" - female creation goddess, mother of Huitzilopotchli.

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AZTEC
COYOLXAUHQUI STONE

Shows coyolxauhqui dismembered into many pieces, this mythological creature and his brothers and sisters slain by huitzilopotchli after huitzi was born from mothers womb, sprang from womb fully armored and geared up

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AZTEC
"CALENDAR STONE"
Represents cosmic scheme (ancient)
Tells relationship between earth, heaven, and underworld
According to Aztec belief, current world would end with a cataclysmic event at the end of the center cycle.

Central image depicts female earth monster

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AZTEC
Stone of Tizoc
Said to have been the stone where sacrificial victims hearts were placed, shows Tizoc dressed as Huitzilopotchli with his name glyph below, reference to "tizoc stone"

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