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45 Cards in this Set
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Oooo fancy temple. |
• Second Temple of Hera • Made of Local Limestone • 5th Century BCE • Pasteum • The Temple of Hera was built in Italy while the Greeks still occupied territory; this temple along with Temples of the Etruscan style contributed to the style of future Roman Temples. The Romans were inspired by the symmetry of the Greek temples and the placement of the cella in the middle. The Romans were also inspired to dedicate temples to Gods. |
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Gravely important. |
• Etruscan cemetery • Rock-cut tombs with tumuli • Cerveteri • 6th BCE-2 BCE • Etruscans built sarcophagus' that highlighted the wealth and social status of the leading families. The tombs of Etruscans often were replicas of the deceased's home, making the tombs expansive. The tombs were painted with murals that mimic Hellenistic styles. |
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Sexy layouts |
• Plan of Etruscan home • Stone foundations • Marzabotto • 5th BCE • Marzabotto is one of our only examples of what Etruscan civilization looked like. The design of the home shows us that the Etruscan's built a well in the middle of the home and had separate rooms for living. |
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• Tomb of the Augurs • Painted rock cut tomb • Tarquinia • 6th Century BCE • These paintings were found in the Tomb of Augurs. These paintings show the importance of one man (likely the deceased) as being more noble while the smaller men are less important and likely servants to the man. |
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• Apulu of Veii • Painted terracotta • 6th Century BCE • From Veii • One of the few surviving statues of a group of Etruscan rooftop statues. The features of this statue are distinctly Etruscan with the vigorous striding motion, fanlike calf muscles, rippling drapery, and animated facial features. |
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• Model hut • Made of wood and mud • Palatine Hill, Rome • 8th century BCE. • One of the first model hut designs uncovered from the 8th century BCE that shows the type of housing in the Monarchy. |
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• Plan of house • Stone foundations • Palatine Hill, Rome • 6th BCE • The example of housing during the Republic, showing the progression of housing from the Monarchy to the Republic. Similar to formal Etruscan home planning. |
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• Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus • Stone foundations • Capitoline Hill, Rome • 6th century BCE • This temple shows the influence of Greek and Etruscan influences on Roman architecture. The temple not having entirely equal numbers of columns, a distinctive entrance/porch in the front, and the cella as the main focus make the Temple seem more Etruscan influenced. |
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• Plan of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus • Cella being on the inside is Etruscan inspired, desire for symmetry is Greek inspired |
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• Decoration from temple • Painted Terracotta • Cattle Market Temple, Rome • 6th century • These terracotta decorations from the Cattle Market Temple show the influence of Etruscan design on Roman architecture. |
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• Sarcophagus of Barbatus • Made of stone • Rome • 3rd century BCE • Tomb of one of the consuls that led the Romans victory over the Etruscans. The only surviving sarcophagus from the tomb of the Scipios. |
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• Republican Victory Temples • Stone and Concrete • Rome • 3rd-1st BCE •Frontal orientation and showing how the temples are lined up into neat rows and with stairs in the front. The stairs in the front as main entrance are indicative of Etruscan style. |
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• Temple of Fortune of this Day • Concrete + Stone • Rome • 1st Century BCE • Part of the Republican Victory Temples. Etruscan influence, stairs in the front. Rare example of a peripteral Republican temple. |
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• Round Temple in Cattle Market (To Hercules Victor?) • Made of Greek Marble • Rome • 2nd Century BCE • An example of a purely Greek Temple in Rome. Not only is the temple made of Greek marble, it has a peripteral staircase on all sides. One difference from traditional Greek style is the added stairs in front of the cella for extra emphasis. |
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• Reconstruction of Porticus Amelia • Concrete • Rome • 2nd Century BCE • Earliest use of concrete on a grand scale. |
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• Sanctuary of Fortuna • Concrete • Palestrina • 2nd C BCE • Layout indicates influence of Greek Sanctuaries. Symbolizes the power of the ever expanding empire of the Romans. |
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• Amphitheater • Earth materials & concrete • Pompeii • 1st Century BCE • Greeks built theaters, but never amphitheaters, as Greeks were the ones to do so. Amphitheater was the combination of two Greek theaters. The style elements are relatively similar besides them being put together. |
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• Amphitheater • Earth materials & concrete • Pompeii • 1st Century BCE • Greeks built theaters, but never amphitheaters, as Greeks were the ones to do so. |
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• Amphitheater • Earth materials & concrete • Pompeii • 1st Century BCE • This photo of the amphitheater emphasizes the external double staircases that allowed large numbers of people to enter and exit the building. Pompeii's amphitheater was an early, experimental design, highlighted by the fact that people had to climb to the top of the cavea and then descend to their seats and leave the amphitheater by going up and then down again. |
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• Floorplans of Tepidarium Baths, 80 BCE • Baths were made from concrete & stucco • Forum Baths, Pompeii • 1st century BCE • Typical Republican bath complex with heating by a central furnace situated between the men's and women's caldaria. |
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• Plan of Insula Arriana • Concrete • Pompeii • 2nd Century BCE • Floorplan of a style of home that housed more than one person, a home of common people. |
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• Plan of House of Faun • Concrete • Pompeii • 2nd Century BCE • Greek influenced home. Showing that the evolution of Republican houses mirrored the evolution of Republican temples. |
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• Battle of Issus • Mosaic • House of the Faun • 2nd Century BCE • Mosaic work in the House of Faun that was a copy of a Greek panel depicting Alexander the Great. The painting brought prestige to the owner. |
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• Samnite House • Stucco and Fresco • Herculaneum • 2nd Century BCE • Example of first style of painting because the painter was trying to imitate costly marble panels using painted stucco relief. The use of First style in Republican houses is another example of the Hellenization of Roman domestic architecture. |
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• House of Griffins • Fresco • Palatine Hill, Rome • 1st Century BCE • Second style of painting, Roman invention. The Second style did not create the illusion of an elegant marble wall, instead they wanted to create walls with the illusion of an imaginary three-dimensional world. |
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• Small room • Fresco • Villa at Boscoreale • 1st Century BCE • Second style of painting, Roman invention. The Second style did not create the illusion of an elegant marble wall, instead they wanted to create walls with the illusion of an imaginary three-dimensional world. |
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• Room of the Mysteries • Fresco • Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii • 1st Century BCE • The Second style did not create the illusion of an elegant marble wall, instead they wanted to create walls with the illusion of an imaginary three-dimensional world. Used Greek mythology figures, but maintained its own design. |
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• Battle of Pydna • Marble • Delphi, Greece • 2nd Century BCE • A glorification monument, which humiliated the King at the time. Hellenistic in style depicting a Roman. Example of men using art to compete. |
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• School of Pasisteles • Marble • Rome • 1st Century BCE • Made after the Romans conquered Greece, Rome wanted Greek like artwork. Idealized features and young, nude bodies. Ageless. Streamline, naturalist. |
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• Head of an old woman • Marble • Italy • 1st Century BCE • Women were only depicted as older women in the Republic. Following the style of Verism, their features were portrayed in a realistic way, with wrinkles and hollow facial features. |
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• General • Marble • Tivoli • 1st Century BCE • Veristic roman head and Greek body. The combination of a veristic head and Greek body indicates patrician cultural superiority, portrayed in a heroic aura. Modesty in shielding genitals. |
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• Man of portraits of ancestors • Marble • Rome • 1st Century BCE • Emphasizing importance of ancestry to Roman men. Ancestors signified your own status and it was important to respect them. Characteristic of Republican portraiture. |
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• Theater of Pompey • Concrete • Rome • 1st Century BCE • Pompey had this theater erected as a symbol his greatness after a triumph. Had Greek influence by being built on a natural slope. First permanent theater erected in the Republic. Entertainment theaters were quite Greek and often blocked by Roman conservative forces, thus this was new and exciting. |
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• Mausoleum of Augustus • Concrete and Earth • Rome • 1st Century BCE • The design of the mausoleum is not traditional, it has eastern influence. Augustus wanted to be buried in a grandiose mausoleum praising Rome. |
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• Augustus as Imperator • Marble • Prima Porta • Augustan Era • This style of sculpture is different than the sculpture in the republic. This type of sculpture lacks the verism traditional sculpture had and instead shows Augustus to appear ageless and idealized. Augustus' body matches his face, there's no drastic difference between his face and body. |
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• Augustus as Pontifex Maximus • Luna & Greek marble • Rome • Augustan • This type of sculpture is different than traditional Roman verism busts. Instead, this sculpture shows him to be ageless and idealized. The priest like importance is him attempting to appear divine. |
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• Livia • Marble • Egypt • Augustan • In the Roman Republic, women were generally only made to have portraits that displayed them as older women with sunken eyes and cheeks, wrinkles, and more authentic features. This bust shows Livia being portrayed more idealized and ageless, more regal and soft. |
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• Caryatids • Luna marble • Forum of Augustus, Rome • Augustan • Standing female figures unlike that of Republican sculpture. Allusion to the Periclean Athens. Augustus referring to himself as "Alexander the Great" |
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• Detail of acanthus scrolls and animals on Ara Pacis • Luna marble • Ara Pacis • Augustan • Acanthus leaves represent divinity and peace. |
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• Aeneas relief • Luna marble • Ara Pacis, Rome • Augustan • The Aeneas relief shows Aeneas accepting sacrifices from younger boys. The relief is meant to show how important the peace and abundance brought to the empire by Augustus' conquering. |
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• Imperial procession • Luna marble • Ara Pacis, Rome • Augustan • This procession which historians believe to be inspired by the Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis. This relief is another Augustan allusion to the Periclean Athens. Political and artistic statement. |
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• Earth/peace relief • Luna marble • Ara Pacis, Rome • Augustus • Goddess shown of fertility shown by voluptuous body. Peace and fertility brought upon by the Augustan era. |
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• Room of the masks • fresco • Home of Augustus, Rome • Augustan • Meant to resemble the tripartite stage of a Roman theater. This style of painting is similar to the Second style of the Roman Republic. |
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• Garden Room • Fresco • Livia's villa at Primaporta • Augustan • Ultimate example of the second style illusionism created by the Romans. |
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• Black room • Fresco • Villa at Boscotrecase • Augustan • Prime example of the second style of painting, but many disliked the style and thus the third style was born. Small landscape, not trying to take you into a 3-D world. |
