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86 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Linear Perspective

mathematically based system for projecting the apparent dimensions of a three dimensional object onto a two dimensional surface called a picture plane

Horizon Line

The line on which all vanishing points are positioned, also called eye level or eye line

Vanishing Point

The point or points on the eye level at which parallel lines appear to converge

Five basic concepts of Linear Perspective

1. Objects diminish in size as they recede into the distance


2. Horizon line


3. Vanishing line


4. A fixed viewing position is essential because all proportional relationships shift with a change in position


5. Only a limited area is clearly visible from a fixed position, to see more, you must step away

One point perspective

lines recede into one vanishing point

Two point perspective

lines recede into two points of the horizon line

Three point perspective

lines recede into two points on the horizon line, and then one other point above or below the horizon line

Representational Art

Artist's intention to represent a particular subject

Non Representational Art

Art without reference to anything outside of itself

Abstract Art

Art that departs significantly from natural appearances

Form

The total effect of the combined visual qualities within a work, including such components as materials, color, shape, line, and design

Subject

The person, object, event, or idea on which an artwork is based

Content

The meaning or message contained and communicated by a work of art

Objective criticism

Assesses how well a work of art utilizes the elements and principles of

Subjective criticism

Describes the personal impact of an idea, the narrative implications of the idea, or cultural ramifications of an action

Iconography

Symbolic meaning of subjects used to convey ideas important to particular cultures or religions and the conventions governing the use of such forms"Describing Images"

Stereotype

Fixed generalization based on perception

Cliches

overused expression or a predictable treatment of an idea

Analogy

similarity or connection between things that are apparently separate and dissimilar

Metaphor

figure of speech in which one thing is directly linked to another dissimilar thing. The original word is given the qualities of the linked word

Metaphorical Thinking

The use of metaphors or analogies to create visual or verbal bridges

Visual Metaphor

Images that are visually similar in form but dissimilar as nameable objects

Design

Both the process of organizing visual elements and the product of that process

Principles of Design

1. Unity and Variety


2. Balance


3. Symmetry


4. Emphasis

Unity

appearance of similarity or consistency. Inter-relational factors that cause various elements to appear as part of a single complete form

Variety

Not always the same, change, difference. Variety acts as a counter-balance to unity

Grouping (G)

Visual organization based on similarity in location, orientation, color etc

Containment (G)

Relationships that automatically occur when visual elements share a common container

Repetition (G)

use of the same visual element or effect a number of times in the same composition

Pattern

design created through systematic repetition

Grid

visual or physical structure created from intersecting parallel lines

Proximity (G)

distance between visual elements

Fusion

when shapes or volumes are placed so close together that they share a common edge

Continuity (G)

state of being continuous, creates a fluid connection among compositional parts

Closure (G)

minds inclination to connect fragmentary information in order to create a completed form

Balance

equilibrium among interacting and or opposing forces in a visual composition

Symmetrical Balance

shapes are mirrored on either side of axis

Asymmetrical balance

equilibrium between elements that differ in size, number, weight, color and texture

Radial symmetry

balance created when design elements extend out from a central focal point

Visual Weight

inclination of shapes to float or sink based on their solidity and compositional location

Scale

size or apparent size of an object seen in relation to other objects, people or its environment. We experience scale in relation to our own size

Three types of scale

1. small scale


2. Human scale


3. Monumental scale

Proportion

size relationship of parts to a whole and to one another

Emphasis

special attention given to some aspect of a composition to increase it prominence

Focal Point

primary point of interest in a composition

Isolation

any anomaly, or break from the norm tends to stand out

Placement

Where visual elements are in relation to the format and to each other

Contrast

The juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements

Format

The shape or proportions of a picture plane

Composition

the combining parts or elements to form a whole; structure, organization, or total form of the work of art

Line

a linear form in which length dominates over width

Orientation

refers to the line's horizontal, vertical or diagonal position

Direction

implied movement of a line

Continuity

linear flow, can enhance or reduce direction

Shape

two dimensional area defined by line changes in value and/or color

Ground or negative shape

background in two dimensional works. The area around and or between figures

Figure or Positive shape

separate shapes distinguishable from a background or ground

Mass

Three dimensional form having physical bulk

Implied Mass

Representation of a three dimensional form having physical bulk on a two dimensional surface

Volume

Space enclosed or filled by a three dimensional object

Implied volume

in two dimensional design, a three dimensional form that has been represented using the illusion of space

Space

indefinable general receptacle of all things, seemingly empty space around us

Overlap

Occurs when one object obscures another from view

Size variation

Larger to smaller objects gives the appearance that the smaller is farther away. Also called diminishing size

Vertical location

visual elements placed near the top tend to recede, while shaped placed at the bottom tend to advance. Sometimes called Vertical placement

Definition

degree of resolution or focus of an entire image. Blurred images generally recede

Texture

tactile quality of surfaces

Actual texture

texture we can feel

Visual or implied texture

surface treatment that stimulates an actual physical texture, any covering of a surface with multiple marks

Color

color that appears to the eye as that of the object it is being reflected off of

Hue

that property of a color identifying a specific named wavelength of light

Achromatic

without the property of color

Intensity

the relative purity or saturation of a hue

Value

the relative lightness or darkness of tones or colors

Shade

hue with black added

Tone

hue with gray added

Tint

hue with white added

Primary colors

Blue, Yellow, Red

Secondary Colors

orange violet and green

Tertiary colors

colors in-between the primary and secondary colors

Temperatures

the physical and psychological heat generated by a color

Light

form of radiant energy that acts upon the retina of the eye, making it possible to see

Chiaroscuro

italian word meaning "light-Dark" gradations of light and dark values in two dimensional imagery

Time

non-spatial continuum in which events occur in succession

Actual time

the location duration of event

Implied time

the suggested location and duration of an event