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243 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actual Texture
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The real texture of an artwork that can be touched and felt; also known as "real texture"
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Additive Color Wheel
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An organization of hues that, when combined, create white; embodies projected color (light)
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Aerial perspective
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The perspective technique that portrays elements in the atmosphere such as smoke and dust to add realism and to create the allusion of distance; also know as "atmospheric perspective"
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Analogous color scheme
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A color scheme that features colors that are adjacent to one another on the color wheel
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Arbitrary color
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Color that ignores the confines of reality; the artist chooses it based on symbolism, emotional appeal, or personal preference
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Biomorphic
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Irregular, nolinear shapes and forms found in real life; also know as "freeform" and "organic"
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Chroma
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The brightness or purity of a color; as known as "saturation" and "intensity"
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Closed space
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Orgainzation of space in which the objects are enclosed in barriers; converys solidity
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Color
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The complex perception of visual light at different wavelengths
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Color Scheme
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A planned combination of colors
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Color Temperature
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The "warm" or "cool" feeling that is associated with a particular color or set of colors
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Color Wheel
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A tool used to organize all possible colors
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Color-field painting
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Form of painting that features broad areas of solid colors
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Complementary color scheme
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A color scheme that features complementary colors, such as red and green, blue and orange, or purple and yellow
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Complementary colors
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Two colors that are directly across from one another on the color wheel, e.g. red and green
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Contours
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Visible borders of the objects in an artwork
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Cool color
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A color located on the blue-violet end of the color spectrum; often associated with cool temperature and physical distance
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Elements of art
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Most basic components of any art work; include line, shape, form, space, perspective, color, and texture; also known as the "sensory properties of art"
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Figure
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Portion of an artwork composed of objects that can include either form or shape; also known as "positive space"
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Form
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A three-dimensional object with length, width, and depth
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Freeform
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Irregular, non linear shapes and forms found in real life; also known as "biomorphic" and "organic"
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Geometric
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A 2-D or 3-D figure taken from mathematics
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Gray Scale
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A color specturm created by combining varying amounts of white and black
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Grissaille
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A color scheme that features varying shades of gray
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Ground (space)
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The area surrounding the positive space of an artwork; also known as "negative space"
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Horizon line
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Implied line created where the sky and the ground meet
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Hue
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The name of a color
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Imagined texture
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The illusion of texture an artist creates on the surface of an artwork through shading and highlighting; also known as "imagined texture"
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Impasto
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A thick application of pigment that creates both actual and visual texture; most commonly used with oil or acrylic paint
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implied line
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A progrssion of shapes, objects, lines or dots that appears to be linear; there is no defined line
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Intensity
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The brightness or purity of a color; also known as "saturation" and "intensity"
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Intermediate color
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Color formed by combining a primary color and an adjacent secondary color; also known as "tertiary color"
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Isometric perspective
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A form of perspective in which all objects are drawn with the same relative sizes, regardless of depth or distance
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Line
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Most basic element of art; created by following the path of a moving point through space; most important in drawing
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Linear perspective
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A mathematical approach to perspective based on the visual effect of receding lines
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Local color
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A color that does not portray the effects of distance, light or atmosphere; also known as "true color"
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Media
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The materials used by the artist to render the final work
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Monochromatic color scheme
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A color scheme that features muliple tints and shades of just one hue
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Negative space
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The area surrounding the positive space of an artwork; also known as "ground (space)"
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Neutrals
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White and black;used to create tints and shades, respectively
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One-Point Linear Perspective
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A mathematical form of perspective in which orthogonal lines recede to a single vanishing point
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Open space
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Orgainzation of space in which the objects are unobstructed; conveys a light, unrestrained feeling
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Optical color
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Color that portrays the effects of lighting, atmosphere, etc.
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Organic
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Irreular, nonlinear shapes and forms found in real life; also known as "freeform" and "biomorphic"
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Organization lines
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Light, sketchy lines used to render an artist's initial design
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Orthogonal lines
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Converging lines that are essential to linear perspective
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Perspective
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The illusion of depth in an image
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Picture plane
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The imaginary plane represented by the physical surface of a painting
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Positive space
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Areas of artwork occupied
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Primary colors
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The three most intense colors; mixed to make all other colors; red, yellow, blue
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Real texture
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The real texture of an artwork that can be touched and felt; also known as "actual texture"
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Saturation
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The brightness or purity of a color; also known as "saturation" and "intensity"
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Secondary colors
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Colors formed by the combination of two primary colors; orange, green and purple
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Sensory properties of art
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Most basic components of any art work; include line,shape, form, space, perspective, color, and texture; also known as "Elements of art"
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Shade
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The result of adding black to a color
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Shape
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A two-dimensional object that possesses length and width but no depth
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Space
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Formal organization of objects in a work of art
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Subtractive color wheel
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An organization of hues that, when combined, create black; portrayed by media such as paint and colored pencils
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Tertiary color
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Color formed by combining a primary color and an adjacent secondary color; also known as "tertiary color"
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Texture
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The tactile quality of an artwork
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Three-point linear perspect
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A mathematical form of perspective in which lines recede to three vanishing points
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Tint
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The result of adding white to a color
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Triadic color scheme
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A color scheme that features a combination of three primary, secondary,or tertiary colors
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True color
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A color that does not portray the effects of distance, light, or atmosphere; also known as "local color"
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Two-point linear perspective
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A mathematical form of perspective in which lines recede to two vanishing points
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Value
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A color's lightness or darkness
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Vanishing point
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A distant point on the horizon where orthogonal lines appear to converge
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Vertical line
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A line that divides the space into left anf right portions; causes the eye to move upward
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Visual texture
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The illusions of texture an artist creates on the surface of an artwork through shading and highlightning; also known as "imagined texture"
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List five categories of reference tools.
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Almanacs, Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Thesauruses, E-resources.
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Alternating rhythm
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A rhythmic technique that involves going back and forth between two or more motifs
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Approximate symmetry
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A form of balance in which the elments of a composition are almost but not exactly refelcted around a central vertical or horizontal axis
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Asymmetrical balance
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Balance achieved through the complex arragement of unlike objects
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Balance
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The equal distribution of visual weight in an artwork
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Chiaroscuro
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The contrast of light and dark in a painting used to create the illusion of volume and texture
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Continuity
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The existence of a visual pathway that leads the eye smoothly from on part of the piece to the next without breaks
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Contrast
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A technique that attracts the viewer's attention through techniques such as texture, color, intensity or size
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Emphasis
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A technique that creates dominant elements in an artwork
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Focal Point
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A point where two or more elements contrast, attracting the viewer's eye
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Formal properties of composition
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The tools necessary to utilize and orgainze the elements of art to create a work of art; also known as the "principles of composition"
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Gestalt principles
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Principles of visual organization that occur naturally in the human; include emphasis, contrast, and continuity
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Golden Mean
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An ideal ratio in the place (2-D) figures; approximately 3:5
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Hierarchical perspective
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The manipulation of the sizes of figures to denote relative importance; also now as "hierarchal scale
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Hierarchal Scale
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The manipulation of the sizes of figures to denote relative importance; also now as "hierarchal perspective"
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Human Scale
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An object's size in comparison to the human body in both 2-D and 3-D art
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Line of symmetry
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Aline that divides a shape of form into two halves that are mirror images of one another
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Motif
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The repeated element of a pattern
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Pattern
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The repetition of a motif or motifs to create rhythm
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Principles of Composition
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The tools necessary to utilize and orgainze the elements of art to create a work of art; also known as the "formal principles of composition"
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Proportion
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The relationship of sizes of different objects within an artwork; related to scale
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Proximity
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The principle that objects placed close together are assumed to belong together in a group
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Radial symmetry
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The arrangement of objects in an artwork around a central point in a circular manner
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Random rhythm
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A rhythmic technique involving no organization in the presentation of repeated elements
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Regular rhythm
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A rhythmic technique that presents repeated motifs with out any variation
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Rhythm
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An organization tool that encompasses movement in an artwork based on repetition
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Scale
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The dimensional relationship that the parts of an artwork have to one another and the artwork as a whole; can also refer to the size of the artwork itself
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Similarity
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Describes parts of an artwork that look alike; causes the logical movement of hte viewer's eyes amongst similar elements
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Symmetrical balance
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A form of balance in which the elements of the composition are identically arranged around a central horizontal or vertical axis
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Tenebrism
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An extreme form of charoscuro that features a jarring contrast of light and shadow
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Unity
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The harmonious nature of the components of an artwork
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Variety
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The combination of contrast and emphasis to crate different visual stimuli to the interest the viewer
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How many types of accomplishment bullet statements are there? Name them.
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There are three: action verb bullet; modified verb bullet; and specific achievement bullet.
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Blending
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The gradual mixing of two hues or black and hwite to create the illusion of depth within a piece
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Colored pencil
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A pencil that shares many of the colors and atrributes of pastels
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Conte crayon
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A drawing medium made of clay, graphite and natural pigment
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Crosshatching
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A shading technique that uses crisscrossing lines
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Drawing
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The most basic two-dimensional art process
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Fixative
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A chemical agent used to preserve works that employ fragile media, such as pastels
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Hatching
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A shading technique that uses parallel lines placed side by side
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Ink
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A wet drawing medium that allows the artist to change a color's value by adding water
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Opaque
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Not allowing any light to show through
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Parchment
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A paper prepared from sheep skin
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Pastel
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A drawing medium consisting of a stick of color loosely bound with gum
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Shading
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A drawing process used to change color value and create the illusion of volume
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Silverpoint
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A drawing medium that involves the use of a pointed rod of metal, usually silver
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Sizing
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A printmaking substance that stops the capillary action of paper fibers
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Stippling
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A shading technique that uses patterns of dots
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Tooth
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The roughness or smoothness of paper
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Translucent
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Allowing light or an underlying image to shine through partially
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Vellum
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A paper prepared from calfskin
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Wash
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A diluted, translucent ink; creates a tint
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Weight
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The "heaviness" of paper; heavier paper is used for heavier media, such as marker, to prevent bleeding
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Abstract Expressionism
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A popular art movement in the 1960's characterized by the direct presentation of feeling with emphasis on dramatic color and sweeping brush strokes
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Acrylic
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A modern type of paint made from synthetic materials
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Alla prima
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An oil painting with no glazing or underpainting
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Binder
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A glue'like material that causes a powdered pigment to adhere to a surface
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Buon (true) fresco
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A fresco technique in which paint is applied directly to wet plaster; the paint forms a chemical bond with the wall
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Egg Tempera
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A form of tempera bound with egg yolks
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En plein air
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Paintings made in the "open air," or outside; made possible by the invention of the paint tube; popular with Impressionists
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Encaustic
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A painting mediummade of molten wax
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Fete galante
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Transitional painting style in the 18th centure; usually depicted upperclass, outdoor parties in paradisical settings; shift towards individual and personal pleasure
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Fresco
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A traditional form of mural painting done on plaster
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Fresco secco
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A fresco technique in which the paint is applied on dry plaster
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Giornata
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The amount of a fresco that an artist can paint in one day
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Glaze (painting)
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A thin, semi-transparent layer used in oil painting to change a color slightly
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Gouache
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An opaque water-based paint similiar to, but high in quality than tempera
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Gouache
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An opaque water-based paint similiar to, but higher in quality than, tempera
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Ground (painting)
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The coating that an artist uses to prepare the painting surface
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History painting
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Strove to teach moral principles through the representation of historical and mythological characters and events
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Impresssionism
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A movement that emphasized the artist's personal "impression" of what he saw directly
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Intonaco
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The final layer of plaster on whcih the artist paints the fresco
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Maulstick
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A padded stick used to support the artist's brush hand
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Minimalism
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A modern art movement popular in the post-WWII era that emphasized monochromatic color schemes and simplicity
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Oil paint
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A painting medium generally bound in linseed oil; more versatile ands lower-drying than tempera paint
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Optical mixing
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The phenomenon that occurs when the human eye combines colors that are close to one another
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Overpainting
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The application of a final layer of oil paint above any glazes or scumbles
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Painterly
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A style of painting closely associated with Impressionism in which the artist's brush strokes are clearly visible
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Palette
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A painting tool that helps an artist mix and organize the colors he intends to use
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Pentimento
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The effect created when an underpainting reappears because the upper layers of an oil painting have become transparent with age
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Pigment
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A material that an artist uses to make a color
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Pointillism
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A school of painting which develped out of Impressionism in late 19th-centure Frances; painters employ small dots of primary colors, which the viewer's eye blends into additional hues
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Rococo
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Period in which the stylistic shift toward interest in the individual and in personal pleasure was common
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Scumble
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A thin, light, and opaque layer of color applied on top of darker colors in oil painting
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Sfumato
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A painting technique in which layers of translucent color blend gradually into each other, creating the illusion of form
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Sienna
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A yellow-brown oil paint pigment made of linomite clay, which is rich in ferric oxides
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Sinopia
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An underpainting of reddish-brown pigment used to prepare the fresco surface for the actual work
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Solvent
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A substance that can change the value, thickness, and drying time of paint
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Tempera
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An important painting medium; requires precision,yields bright, solid colors; pigments cannot be mixed; usually bound in egg yolk
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Triptych
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Three-paneled work of art; often an altarpiece
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Trompe l'oeil
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Literally "trick of the eye"; a painting style that sought to depict the brevity of human life using still object such as skulls an broken pottery; popular in the Netherlands in the 16th and 17th centuries.
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Venduta
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Highly detailed, large-scale cityscape painting style popular in the 16th to 19th centuries; plural: vedute
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Wash
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Diluted, translucent watercolors; create tints
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Watercolor
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The most common water-based paint bound with gum arabic
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Wing
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A panel of an alterpiece
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Aquatint
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A special etching technique which untilizes several dips in acid and a lyaer of resin over the printing plate
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Brayer
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A roller-like printmaking tool that inks the printing plate
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Burnisher
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A printmaking tool that pplies pressure on the paper andprintig plate to transfer ink from the printing plate onto the paper
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Engraving
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an intaglio printmaking process involving the direct carving of lines on the printing plate that is not carved away appears in print
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Etching
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an intaglio printmaking process using wax or varnish and acid's corrosive properties
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Halftone
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A shading technique in which equally spaced dots of varying sizes are printed in the same color to create the illusion of value
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In register
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When the printing plate and prss are aligned with the paper and ready to print
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Intaglio printmaking
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A technique using incised lines to create a design
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Lithography
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A printmaking technique based on the principle that wax repels waters; ink is attracted to the areas on the printing plate drawn in wax
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Matrix
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The printing plate
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Mezzotint
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An engraving technique in which a printer uses a rocker and scraper to create a design on the plate; capable of a wide range of grays
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Monoprinting
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A technique in which the printer alters the coloring and chemical composition of the material and ink s/he uses; the matrix can be reused
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Monotype printing
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A printmaking technique in which the image is drawn directily on to the printing plate by brushing the plate with ink; creates a unique print; the matrix cannot be reused
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negative
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In screen printing, the inverse of an intended image
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Phototype
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A metal printing block specifically intended for etching
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Planographic
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Any of the various printmaking techniques in which a flat plate without relief or incised lines is used
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Printmaking
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A set of two-dimensional techniques that use mechanical tools to create multiple copies of an original artwork
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Relief
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An area that stands above its background surface
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Relief printmaking
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A printmaking process in which a printer cuts away parts of the surface of the printing plate
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Screen printing
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A printmaking technique in which the printer transfers or adheres an image to a piece os stretched fabric with a squeegee; also known as serigraphy or silkscreen printing
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Serigraphy
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Silkscreen printing
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Squeegee
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A rubber blade with a handle; used to force ink through a stencil onto fabric in screen printing
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Woodblock printing
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The simplest type of relief printmaking; a design is cut in relief into a block of wood; the design is inked, and the peiece of wood is pressed directly to a piece of paper
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Albumen print
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A technique in which a photographer coats the photograph paper with egg whites
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Autochrome
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The first colored photgraphy process; created by Limiere brothers; must be viewed like a slide
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Calotype
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the first negative-and-positive photgraphic process; involves the used of photgraph paper covered in idodid; also knows as talbotype
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Collodion
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A compound consisting of pyroxylin, ether, and alcohol that forms a thin film; coats a ferrotype
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Daguerrotype
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The earliest form of photgraphy; creates a direct positive image from a silver-coated copper plate
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Ferrotype
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A technique that involves the use of small plates of tinned iron to create a negative image; also know as tintype
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Film
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A paper coated with dry gel; invented by George Eastman
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Pictorialism
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A movement in which photographers attempted to imitate painting
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Talbotype
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See calotype
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Tintype
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See ferrotype
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Wet collodion photography
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A technique that involves the use of a glass plate coated with a collodion solution, silver idodide, and iron idodide; the plate is exposed to light to create a print; also known as the wet plate process
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Appropriation
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The borrowing and adapting of material for a new work; may be an idea, quote, image or anything else
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Assemblage
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A three-dimensional technique in which the work of art is put together from found objects
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Collage
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Features a combination of specially selected media to create texture, color and meaning
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Found objects
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Objects found by an artist in various places that have applications in mixed media art
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Mix media
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An art form that combines two or more media
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Additive
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A process in which materials are combined to crate a final product in sculpture
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Armature
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The internal framework of a sculpture that provides a support system
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Bas relief
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Low relief (sculpture)
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Bracket
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A flat, weight-bearing plate that projects from a wall and holds a freestanding sculpture
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Carving
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A subtractive method of scupture in which original material is removed from the medium of choice
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Cast form
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The form taken in plaster that covers an original form and is allowed to harden
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Casting
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A method of producing sculpture by allowing plaster to harden over the original form and using the hardened plaster to create replicas of the original
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Chisel
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Important carving tool for sculptuors
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Cire perdue
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A method of producing sculpture by crating an original wax form that is covered in plaster; the plaster hardens, the wax is melted out, and the resulting plaster shell is used as a one-time mold for a cast sculpture; also known as lost-wax casting process
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Construction
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A method of producing sculpture by bonding two or more separate materials
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Environmental sculpture
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Sculpture that is somehow integrated into nature
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File
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Important carving tool for sculptors
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Freestanding sculpture
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A sculpture with no carrier surface that stands on its own and can be viewed from all sides; described as sculpture "in the round"
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Grond (sulpture)
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The element of a scupture that serves as its base
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High relief
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Projecting significantly from a carrier surface
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In the round
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See freestanding sculpture
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Lost-wax casting process
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See cire perdue
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Low relief
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Projecting slightly from a carrier surface; also known as bas relief
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Mass
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The three-dimensional elements of a sculpture
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Mobile
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A form of sculpture with moving parts; also known as movable scupture, the counterpart of a stabile
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Modeling
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A pliable material is taken and shaped to crate a work of art; an additive technique
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Movable scultpture
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Mobile
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Partina
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A green coloring or incrustation that occasionally forms onmetal (usually bronze) as it corrodes
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Plinth (sculpture)
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A square base that supports a sculpture and keeps it off the ground
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Relief sculpture
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A form of scupture that projects from its carrier surface
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Schiacciato
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Employs very shallow carving to create an essentially flat sculpture
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Stabile
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A non-moving sculture; the counterpart of mobile
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Subtractive
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A process that involves removing parts of the original material to creat a final product
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Sunken releif
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Recedes into a carrier surface; the highest points of relieve are even with the carrier surface
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Three-quarters view
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An angle of viewing a sculpture that is halfway between aprofile and head-on view; allows us to see sculpture's front and side while revealing its depth as well
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Welding
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The adjoining of sheets of metal or wire using large amounts of heat and filler material
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Balustrade
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The railing that encloses a balcony
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Barrel vault
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A continuous, semicircular vault;also known as a tunnel vault
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Cantilever
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An extended blacony with no supports; oftentime decorative
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Doric order
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The oldest order of architecture; employs columns with fluting and no defined base
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Flying buttress
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Exterior arches that resist lateral thrust from the structure they support
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Ionic Order
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An order of architecture that features slender columns with capitals that are embellshed with volutes
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Lintel
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A horizontal beam that supports a post
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Nave
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The long, central sections of a church where public services take
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Vault
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A combination of arches that covers an open space
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