Art Appreciation - Exam 3

Front 1

Sculptures

Back 1

exist in three dimensions and occupyphysical space in our world

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Subtractive

Back 2

carving, drilling, chiseling

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Additive

Back 3

modeling, casting, constructing

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bas-relief or low relief

Back 4

a sculpture carved with very little depth

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Dying Lioness

Back 5

Ceremonial hunting of laws

lion: Untamed nature

King would hunt lion to show power

Lion's were brought into palace to get hunted

barely projects from the surface (low-relief)

King of Assyria

Painted over it; but sculpted it for durability

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high relief

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a carved panel where the figures project with a great deal of depth from the background

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Susan Durant, Memorial to King Leopold of the Belgians

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Lion is alive most depth

Man is in between

Angels; low relief

Relief: represent diff realms of life

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in the round

Back 8

a freestanding sculpted work that can be viewed from all sides

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Giambologna, Rape of a Sabine

Back 9

Marble

Subtractive Method

Based on Sabine/Roman history

The ability for this small community to succeed

Roman's got it made

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Building housing pit number 1 of the terra-cotta army

;

Tomb mound and complex of Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi

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Terracotta- type of clay

Underground burial chamber

8,000 life size salaries

All were painted

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casting

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additive method of sculpture, involves adding a liquid or pliable material to a mold

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Riace Warrior A, c.450 BCE

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Survived b/c was lost

Cast out of bronze

Durable & permanent compared to clay and terracotta

Lost wax casting process

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Naum Gabo, ConstructedHead No. 2

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construction method (newer)

cor-ten steel (meant to rust)

representation of human figure

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Damien Hirst, The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living

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Construction method

Sculpture in the round

JAWS

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Marcel Duchamp, Fountain

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Ready-made

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readymade

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an everyday object presented as a work of art

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Pablo Picasso, Bull’s Head

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Bicycle seat + handlebar

Important to be seen in-person

Shadows-3D

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Great Serpent Mound, c. 800 BCE–100 CE

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Environmental sculpture

Lines up w/ summer solstice

Constructed by Native Americans

Not believed to be a burial ground

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Earthworks

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large-scale, outdoor environments that incorporate natural materials as the artistic media

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Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, 1969–70

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Earthworks

Great Salt Lake, Utah

Reaction against commercializing nature

Growing concern for environmentalism

Meant to interact w/ site

Remained underwater for 30 years

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Nancy Holt. Sun Tunnels, Great Basin Desert, Utah

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Summer/Winter Solstice

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David Adjaye, Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

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Washington DC

Location-specific

3-tiered structure reference to yoruba culture

metal/black smithing

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Olowe of Ise, Veranda Post: Equestrian Figure andFemale Caryatid

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Yoruba Art

Column for King's Post

6ft tall

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Capstone (Load bearing Architecture)

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Very solid inside

No interior space

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Pyramids at Giza, Egypt: from left to right, the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure

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Burried 3 of the most important pharaohs Sun God

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Temple I in the Great Plaza,Maya, c. 300–900 CE

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Tikal, Guatemala

Maya Culture

Load Bearing Architecture

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Post-and-lintel construction

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Front 28

Stonehenge, c. 3200–1500 BCE

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Meant to function as observatory or calendar

The lone rock aligns w/ rising sun in summer solstice

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Kallikrates, Temple of Athena Nike, 427–424 BCE

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Acropolis, Greece

Athens, Greece

Post and Lintel

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Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon

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Acropolis Athens, Greece

White Marble

Temple to goddess Athena

Was also a treasury

Wanted it to be clearly human made

Incorporated optical illusions (stronger/larger)

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entasis

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the slight swelling at the midpoint of a column

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Erechtheion, 421 - 406 BCE

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Acropolis Athens, Greece

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First great power of Mesopotamia

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Sumerians

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cuneiform

Back 34

wedge-shaped symbols drawing with a reed “pen” in soft clay; developed by Sumerians, first known form of communication beyond the use of pictograms c 3000 BCE

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Standard of Ur, Early Dynastic III

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Refers to city Ur

Was used as a flag and was found in Ur

Was meant to be read hierarchically

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hierarchical scale

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the use of size to denote relative importance of subjects in an artwork

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ziggurat

Back 37

Mesopotamian stepped tower, roughly pyramid-shaped, that diminished in size toward a platform summit

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Ziggurat, Ur (near Nasiriyah, Iraq)

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Mesopotamia

Saved from flooding

As you walk up the stairs you prepare yourself to commune

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Votive Figures from the Temple of Abu,Eshnunna (Tell Asmar),

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Mesopotamia

Religious figures

State of perpetual prayer

Inscription w/ name & message to divine

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Human-headed winged lion(lamassu), from gateway in AshurnasirpalII’s palace in Nimrud, Mesopotamia

Back 40

Assyrians

Mythical creature

Placed at entrance to kingdom

5 legs to add motion

2 straight in front look imposin

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Dying lioness also example

Back 41

Assyrian

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Stela of Hammurabi, c. 1792–1750 BCE

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Babylonians

Shows Hammurabi receiving rules from Gods

Hierarchy important

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Ishtar Gate from Babylon (Iraq), reign of Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BCE)

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Babylonians

Colored to look like stone

Actions + relief

lions facing entreance

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stupa

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a burial mound containing Buddha’s remains

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Great Stupa, third century BCE

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4 toranas reach face in the same direction

Largest among seen there

Illegal to make Buddha

Buddha was cremated and separated into 8 remains and kept in stupas

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mudra

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symbolic hand gesture used in Buddhist art to help communicate meaning (30 diff symbols to represent buddha)

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bodhisattva

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beings who could have achieved nirvana but who chose to instead sacrifice themselves and help others work towards Enlightenment

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Bodhisattva Padmapani, Cave 1

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Fresco painting

Bodhisattva

Holding lotus flower

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calligraphy

Back 49

the art of emotive or carefully descriptive handwriting

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colophon

Back 50

comment written on a Chinese scroll by the creator, owner, or a viewer

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Wang Meng, Ge ZhichuanMoving His Dwelling, c.1360

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Scroll painting

Meant to be a meditation of your own life

He is embarking in a difficult journey

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Detail from painted bannerfrom tomb of Lady Dai

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Silk

Her body was extremely well preserved within 4 caskets

Passage between normal and after world

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chanoyu

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“Way of the Tea,” Japanese word for the traditional tea ceremony

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Sen no Rikyu, Taianteahouse

Back 54

Took it from only wealthy to general public

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Kami

Back 55

spirits present everywhere, including in nature

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Teabowl (called Mount Fuji)

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Referencing color of Mt Fuji

White @ tip, earth tones in bottom

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raku

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handmade and fired ceramic; made for a tea ceremony

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Shinto

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traditional Japanese religion, emphasizes the ways natural elements (sun, water, trees) are connected to personal well-being, reveres nature itself as a deity

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Ise Jingu, site dates from 4th century CE

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Sanctuary dedicated to sun goddess

Sacred forest surrounds temples

Made of wood

Shinto shrine

Cyclical-rebuilt every 20 years represents cycle of nature

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torii

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traditional Japanese gate most commonly found at the entrance of or within a Shinto shrine, symbolically marks the transition from the profane to the sacred

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continuous narrative

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when different parts of a story are shown within the same visual space

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Hungry Tigress, panel fromthe Tamamushi Shrine

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Comes from Buddhist shrine

Buddha sacrificing himself

Continuous narrative

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ukiyo-e

Back 63

a Japanese word that means “pictures of the floating world”

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Kitagawa Utamaro, Two Courtesans

Back 64

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Japonisme

Back 65

the influence of Japanese artists upon European artists of the 19th century

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Mary Cassatt, The Child’sBath, 1893.

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Intimacy

Blurry background

Brighter forefront

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Kitagawa Utamaro, Takashima Ohisa Using TwoMirrors to Observe Her Coiffure;

Mary Cassatt, The Coiffure

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