Art Appreciation - Exam 2

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Drawing

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the depiction of shapes and forms ona surface, primarily by means of lines—is a fundamentalartistic skill

quick translation from mind to hand

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Drawing for a wing of a flying machine

Leonardo da Vinci

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He studied anatomy of a bird wing

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Studies of the fetus inthe womb

Leonardo da Vinci

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Video for a-ha’s Take On Me

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medium

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the material on or from which an artist chooses to make a work of art

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Dry Drawing Media

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pencil, silverpoint, charcoal, chalk, pastel, crayon

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Liquid, or Wet, Drawing Media

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ink, quill and pen, brush drawing

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Heads of the Virgin andChild

Raphael

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utilizes hatching

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hatching

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the use of non-overlappingparallel lines to convey darkness orlightness, imply depth

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Self-portrait in Profile to Left

Käthe Kollwitz,

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Life Strands

Zhang Chun Hong

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Leaf from an album of bamboo drawings

Wu Zhen

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Taoism

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a Chinese philosophy which emphasizes the importance of balanced opposites

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Themes and Variations,series P, Woman Seated in an Armchair

Henri Matisse

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Artist had cancer in a wheelchair

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contour line

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can be used to suggest avolume in space

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Icarus

Henri Matisse

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Could no longer hold drawing brush to create art w/ scissors and paper

Icarus based on Greek mythology

Part where he is plunging to his death

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Untitled

Mona Hatoum

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Cut outs in tissue paper

War, battle, fighting, and confront

Prove unending cycle of war

Fighting someone that is just another version of yourself

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Cave paintings from Pech Merle cave

23,000 BCE

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Animals overlapping

Used spit w/ pigment

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Banksy, London, England, 2008

Bansky, West Bank Wall, 2005

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Graffitti

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support

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a surface upon which the artist paints

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ground

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a coating applied to a support to prepare it for painting

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Paint in its most basic form is composed of ________ (powderedcolor) suspended in a liquid ________ that dries after it hasbeen applied

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pigment; binder

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Pigments have been extracted from.....

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minerals, soils, vegetable matter, andanimal by-products

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Binders are traditionally....

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beeswax, egg yolk, vegetable oils and gums, andwater; in modern times, art-supply manufacturers have developed suchcomplex chemical substances as polymers

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Portrait of a boy, c. 100–150 CE

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Encaustic paint- beeswax

Requires wood

support

Very realistic results

Painting depicted what the person looked like before dying

Burried a long with body

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Two Lovers

Riza Abbasi

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Tempera paint- pigment w/ egg yolk

Highly detailed and luminous

Always includes gold leaf w/ tempera

Small painting

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Christina's World

Andrew Wyeth

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Tempera

High detail

Based on friend who had nerve disease

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magic realism

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everyday scenes are imbued with poetic mystery

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Bull-Leapers, from Palace of Knossos

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Fresco paint- applied on wall, durable, long lasting

Scene of acrobatics

Abstraction

Fresco is part of wall

Common in Buddhist: India and Egypt

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The Libyan Sibyl

Michelangelo

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16th chapel took 6 years

High degree of realism

Structures are illusion

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Sloop, Nassau

Winslow Homer

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Water Color- opp of encaustic

Very light usually on paper

Used to be used for sketches

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TheMadonna of ChancellorRolin

Jan van Eyck

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Oil paint- pigment + linseed oil (flask flower)

-very slow to dry

He was one of the first to use as a painting medium

High degree of realism

You can mix the ratio you want

More oil, more translucent

Great atmospheric perspective

Produced painting in layers

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Vincent van Gogh, Starry Night

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Used a more viscous consistency of oil

He was very religious

Parallel brushwork

impasto

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impasto:

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paint applied in thick layers

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The wax of ________, the egg of ________, and the wetplaster of ________ have all offered artists technicallydemanding ways of combining pigment with a binderto depict subjects in durable and vivid color

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encaustic; tempera; fresco

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__________, historically a sketching medium, is oftenpreferred for its expressive potential

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Watercolor

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The invention of ________ helped artists achieve astonishing naturalism and luminosity of light effects

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oil paint

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The production of two or more identical images, signed and numbered by the artist, is called an ________ (ex: 4/25)

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edition

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What are the three main printing processes?

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relief, intaglio, and planography

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___________ are created with a relief process

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Woodblocks

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__________ and _________ are intaglio processes

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Engraving; etching

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__________ and __________ are planographic processes

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lithography; silkscreen

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Frontispiece, Diamond Sutra from Cave 17,

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Print on paper using woodblock relief method

18 ft handscroll

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Relief Process

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Utilizes woodblock/woodcut

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expressive

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capable of stirring the emotions of theviewer

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Emil Nolde, Prophet

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Utilized woodcut

White parts are the ones carved away

Woodblock generally produces an abstract image

He saw being a prophet as a burden

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Kitagawa Utamaro, Lovers in an Upstairs Room

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Utilized woodblock

Utilized registration (different blocks for different colors)

Uki yo-e (images of leisure in high society)

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ukiyo-e

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pictures of the transient world of everyday life, or “floating world”

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registration

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the precise alignment of impressions made by two or more blocks or plates on the same piece ofpaper, used when printing two or more colors

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Katsushika Hokusai, “The Great Wave off Shore at Kanagawa,”

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Utilized woodcut

Relief process

Ying-yang symbol

Printed widely

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Intaglio Process

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Opposite of relief process

Utilized metal plate

Ink is placed in grooves

Two methods: Engraving & Etching

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Engraving

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Intaglio process

You "engrave" directly on metal plate

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Etching

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You place material over metal plate. You etch into the material. Then you place the metal plate in acid

Etching is more detailed than engraving

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proof

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a preliminary print intended for the artist’s personal use

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Albrecht Dürer, Adamand Eve

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Utilized engraving

probably used hatching and cross hatching in darker parts

A lot of animals

Cat associated w/ Eve, mouse w/ Adam

Parrot (reason) over Adam

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Rembrandt, Adam andEve

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Utilized etching

Much more raw and expressive than other one

Looks more unfinished

Snake looks more menacing

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Lithography Process

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Part of the planographic process

Stone writing

Drawn with greasy crayon and layered with other products

Oil & Water don't mix

Reusable

Most accurate of processes

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Honoré Daumier, Rue Transnonain, April 15, 1834

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Utilized lithography

Was used for photojournalism, due to lack of cameras

Date is important

Based on massacre that occurred in France (police brutality)

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Silkscreen Process

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Most recent

20th century

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Andy Warhol, Campbell‘s Soup Cans

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Artist used advanced techniques for everyday items

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Pop art

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mid-20th century artistic movement inspired by commercial art forms and popular culture

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Andy Warhol, FourMarilyns

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Utilized silk screen

Meant to show celebrities as an object of consumption, a commodity

Silk screen tied to history of advertising and commercial industry

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For _______ prints artists carve into a flat, comparatively soft surface (oftenwood) to leave an image on the surface of the block.

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relief

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For ________ processes, such as engraving and etching, artists cut or gouge into ahard surface like a metal plate; image that prints is below the surface of the plate.

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intaglio

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Planographic printing by _________ allows artists to use their familiardrawing skills with an oily crayon on a specially prepared stone.

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lithography

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Using stencils to block out non-image areas, ___________ printing is particularlysuited to laying down flat areas of heavy color.

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silkscreen

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“Photography” derives from two Greek words, together meaning“__________________”

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drawing with light

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Photos means

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light

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Graphein means

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draw

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Film

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negative and positive

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Digital

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pixels, computer

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camera obscura

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Latin for “dark room,” darkened box with a lens or opening for projecting the image of anexternal object onto a screen inside

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Abelardo Morell, Camera Obscura Image of the Panthéon in the Hotel des Grands Hommes

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He went to different hotel rooms.

Upside down light bulb in box

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Joseph Niepce, View from the Window at Le Gras

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Shoe box size camera obscura exposed to window

Then dipped lens into chemicals to preserve image

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Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre. Le Boulevard du Temple

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Placed camera on roof of Paris

8-10 mins, more clear

Didn't capture anything moving

Daguerreotype

Shoe shine guy

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cyanotype

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cameralessimage; photographic processusing light-sensitive iron saltsthat oxidize and produce abrilliant blue color where lightpenetrates and remain whitewhere light is blocked

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Anna Atkins, HalydrysSiliquosa

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portrait

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image of a person or animal, usually focusing on the face

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Nadar, SarahBernhardt

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Julia Margaret Cameron, Portrait of Julia Jackson (left) and Portrait of Thomas Carlyle (right),

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One Sided Light

Eye Contact

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landscape

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all visible features of a countryside or land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal

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Ansel Adams, Sand Dunes,Sunrise—Death Valley NationalMonument

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He experimented w/ the development of the images

Made lights lighter and darks darker

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William Anders, Earthrise

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Moon/Earth

Taken by astronaut

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still life

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a scene of inanimate objects, such as fruit, flowers, or motionless animals

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Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, The Artist’s Studio

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Dolls

Whole plate daguerreotype

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Edward Weston, Pepper No. 30

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Usually takes pic of 1 item in a different way

"bell pepper"

Made it look like a person

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photojournalism

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the use of photography to tell a news story

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Timothy O’Sullivan, Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pa.

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Same orientation of bodies for repetition

Movement couldn't be captured, so they captured aftermath

Makes it look like it goes on forever

Most likely moved corpses (ethics)

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Lewis Wickes Hine, Ten Year Old Spinner, Whitnel Cotton Mill

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Photojournalism

Children working in unsafe conditions

Photographer went undercover as inspector

One point linear perspective; vanishing point- provides illusion that it goes on forever