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110 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Mixed Media
Art that is made with a combination of different materials.
Medium
A particular material along with its accompanying technique.
Aesthetics
refers to an awareness of beauty or to that quality in a work of art or other manmade or natural form which evokes a sense of elevated awareness in the viewer.
Naïve, Visionary, or Outsider Artists
Artists who are untrained, and largely unaware of art history or the art trends of their time period.
Folk Art
Refers to art by artists who are part of established traditions of style, theme, and craftsmanship. (quilts, whirlygigs, weather vanes, cross-stitch samplers, etc.)
Representational Art
(also called “Objective” or “Figurative” Art) is art that depicts the actual appearance of things.
Trompe L’oeil
(French for “fool the eye”) is a style of painting where the illusion of space/light/actual objects is very convincing.
Abstract Art
Art that departs significantly from natural appearances. Forms are modified or changed to varying degrees in order to emphasize certain qualities or content. Also Art that depicts natural objects in simplified, distorted, or exaggerated ways.
Non-Representational Art – (also called “Non-Objective” or “Non-Figurative” Art)
Art that presents visual forms with no specific references to anything outside of themselves.
Form
The total effect of combined visual qualities within a work including components such as: materials, color, shape, line, and design.
Content
Refers to the message or meaning of the work of art; what the artist expresses or communicates to the viewer.
Iconography
Is the symbolic meaning of signs, subjects, and images.
Contour Line
A line that defines the edge of a form or group of forms.
Implied Line
suggests visual connections that form geometric shapes and can serve as an underlying organizational structure.
Shape
is the expanse within the outline of a two dimensional area, or within the outer boundaries of a three dimensional object.
Mass
a three dimensional area is called a mass, the physical bulk of a solid body of material
Volume
When mass encloses a space. (For example: a vase or a jar)
Space
is the indefinable, general receptacle of all things –the seemingly empty space around us.
Picture Plane
the flat picture surface.
Positive Space
the subject or dominant figures appearing in space. (Figure)
Negative Space
the background, ground, and space that surrounds the figures or subjects. (Ground)
Perspective Drawing
The Technique of representing three-dimensional objects and depth relationships on a two-dimensional drawing-surface.
Linear Perspective
A scientific method of using lines to accurately find scale and proportional relationships on a two-dimensional surface. (One Point Perspective & Two Point Perspective).
Horizon Line
The apparent line, at eye level, where the earth meets the sky.
Eye Level
the height of the artist’s eye parallel to the ground plane extending to the horizon.
Vanishing Point
The point or group of points where all parallel lines recede.
One Point Perspective
A frontal view of a cube, box, or structure where all lines recede to one vanishing point on the horizon line. (Central Vanishing Point)
Two Point Perspective
A corner angle view of a cube, box, or structure where all parallel lines recede to two points on the horizon line. (Left Vanishing Point and Right Vanishing Point)
Atmospheric and Aerial Perspective
is a non-linear means for giving the illusion of depth.
Isometric Perspective
use of non-converging parallel lines to draw box, cubes, or architectural structures.
Chiaroscuro
Italian word meaning “light to dark”. The gradations of light and dark values in two-dimensional imagery: especially the illusion of rounded, three-dimensional form created through gradations of light and shade rather than line. Highly developed by renaissance painters.
Color
is the frequency that is reflected back to enter our eyes. Pigmented surfaces retain this color information.
Achromatic
Without hue or Color (e.g. black and white)
Hue
is a particular wavelength of spectral color: THE NAME.
Intensity
purity of a hue.
Value
is the relative lightness or darkness of a color. (white, grays, black)
Shade
adding black to a color.
Tint
adding white to a color.
Secondary Hues
Orange, Green, Violet (hues that are created by mixing two primary hues)
Intermediate Hues
Red-Orange, Yellow-Orange Yellow-Green, Blue-Green, Blue-Violet, Red Violet (hues created by mixing a primary and a secondary)
Monochromatic
a color scheme based on variations in value and intensity of one hue mixed with black, grey, &white.
Analogous Colors
Colors that are adjacent to one another on the color Wheel.
Complementary Colors
Colors that appear opposite on the color wheel.
Texture
the tactile quality of a surface.
Impasto
In painting, thick paint applied to a surface in a heavy manner, having the appearance and consistency of buttery paste.
Composition
The arrangement/organization of forms and spaces within the format. An ordered relationship among parts and elements in a work of art.
Unity
is the appearance or condition of oneness; a harmonious whole.
Variety
acts as a counter balance to extreme unity.
Balance
the achievement of equilibrium, in which all elements (2-D or 3-D) are held in check by opposing forces.
Symmetrical balance
the matching of left and right sides of a 3-D or 2-D form.
Asymmetrical balance
the two sides of a composition/object are not the same; the elements are balanced according to visual weight.
Emphasis
is used to draw our attention to an area.
Focal Point
is the specific spot or figure in an area.
Subordination
is neutral areas of less interest that keep us from being distracted from areas of emphasis.
Contrast
the juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements. (Dark against light, Large against small, Bright colors against dull)
Repetition
the repetition of visual elements gives a composition balance and unity.
Rhythm
created through regular recurrence of elements with related variations.
Scale
the size relationship of one thing to another.
Proportion
the size relationship of parts to a whole (itself).
Format
refers to the size and shape, and the scale and proportion of a two-dimensional surface.
Hierarchical Scale
the use of unnatural proportions to show relative importance of figures.
Art criticism
refers to making discriminating judgments, both favorable and unfavorable, about a work of art. (Three types: Formal Analysis Biographical and historical information, Sociocultural interpretation and Expressive interpretation.
Blind contour
a contour line drawing that observes a form or group of forms without looking at the drawing surface.
Hatching
a means of shading by building up parallel lines.
Cross Hatching
a means of shading by building up intersecting parallel lines.
Contour Hatching
a means of shading and modeling by following the shape of the form with parallel lines.
Vehicle
a liquid based thinner that helps dissolve the paint and move it around the painting surface. (linseed oil, turpentine, water)
Binder
Holds the pigment particles together without dissolving them and helps attach pigments to painting surfaces. (linseed oil, safflower oil, egg yolk, gum arabic, casein)
Pigment
color particles derived from minerals, chemicals, and organic (plant and animal) matter. (iron oxide, zinc, cadmium, napthol, rose madder, indigo, etc.)
Gesso
a preparation of chalk or plaster and glue.
Glazing
use of transparent oil paint to build up the painting; creating the illusion of light and depth.
Underpainting
is a monochromatic value study which helps define value under colors tones for later painting.
Drypoint
a printmaking technique that is similar to line engraving. A dry point is made with an etching tool. The artist digs lines into the metal/plastic plate.
Relief printing
An image is carved out of wood or linoleum, removing the negative space areas and leaving behind a raised line or surface. Ink is applied to the raised surface then rolled or stamped onto paper. (This is similar to using an inkpad & stamp)
Aquatint
an etching process used to obtain shaded areas in black and white or color prints.
Lithography
is a planographic, or flat surface, type of printmaking based on the resistance of grease and water.
Camera Obscura
a darkroom or box that allowed light in from a small hole (much like the human eye). The light reflected an image from outside of the box to the inside of the box. This device was a predecessor to the first cameras.
Photogram
(Rayographs) an image made by placing objects on light sensitive paper, exposing the paper to light.
The Persistence of Vision
the brief retention of an image by our retina after the stimulus is removed, effectively filling in the spaces between frames in a motion picture.
Montage
the editing technique of combining a number of very brief shots representing distinct but related subject matter in order to create new relationships build emotion/tension, or suggest the passage of time.
Logo
A logo is a symbol that is based on letterforms or simple images. This functions as a brand symbol for a corporation or institution.
Typography
the art and technique of composing printed material from letterforms (typefaces or fonts).
Masonry
the massing of stones in a pattern, held together by a mortar.
Dry Masonry
the massing of stones in a pattern with no mortar.
Post and Beam (post and lintel)
where vertical posts or columns support horizontal beams
Colonnade
is a row of columns spanned or connected by beams.
Groin Vault
the intersection of two-barrel vaults.
Vault
a curving ceiling or roof structure made of bricks or stone tightly fitted to form a unified shell.
Keystone
The final stone set in place at the top of an arch.
Arcade
A series of Arched columns in a row.
Dome
a hemispherical vault built up from a circular or polygonal base.
Minaret
a tower outside of a mosque where chanters stand to call the faithful to prayer.
Pendentives
the curving triangular sections that form a support system for weight.
Buttress
a support that sits at a right angle to the outer wall of a pointed arch.
Flying Buttress
a large stone half-arch on the side of a pointed arch
Truss
a triangular framework used to span, reinforce, or support.
Balloon Frame
a building method where heavy timbers are replaced with thin studs held together with only nails.
Cantilever
is when a beam or slab is extended a substantial distance beyond a supporting column or wall.
Low Relief Sculpture
is when the objects/figures are slightly raised on the surface.
High Relief Sculpture
is when more than half of an object/figure projects from a surface.
Modeling
is a process where a material is shaped by building or subtracting.
Additive Sculpture
meaning to add material (attach, build)
Subtractive Sculpture
meaning to take material away. (carve, reductive)
Armature
is an inner support to prevent sagging of a sculpture.
Assembling
is a method of putting found objects and materials together to create a sculpture.
Constructions
are the products of the assembling.
Installation
is the transformation of a space creating an environment distant from our normal experience.
Site Specific Installation
is a work of art made for a particular place that is transformed by its presence.
Carving
a subtractive process; to take away from a dry material (marble, clay, stone) In carving it is almost impossible to correct mistakes.
Primary Hues
Red, Yellow, and Blue (hues that cannot be created by mixing color)