Arrt Section 4: Imaging Procedures, Abdomen & Gi Studies

Front 1

What musculomembranous structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Back 1

Diaphragm

Front 2

What two muscles are located on either side of the lumbar vertebrae and can be fairly well visualized on a quality abdominal image?

Back 2

Left and right psoas major

Front 3

What structures constitute the upper GI tract?

Back 3

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Front 4

What are the parts of the lower GI tract?

Back 4

Cecum

Ascending colon

Hepatic flexure

Transverse colon

Splenic flexure

Descending colon

Sigmoid

Rectum

Anus

Front 5

What is the name of the sphincter muscle located at the junction of the terminal ileum and cecum?

Back 5

Ileocecal valve

Front 6

What part of what structure lies within the loop of the duodenum?

Back 6

Head of the pancreas

Front 7

What is the largest solid organ of the body that occupies the right upper quadrant?

Back 7

Liver

Front 8

What organ lies in the anatomical loop Illustrated here? Identify the anatomy indicated in the image.

Back 8

Pancreas

1. Pylorus

2. Duodenal bulb

3. Descending duodenum

Front 9

What is the double-walled serous membrane associated with the abdomen?

Back 9

Peritoneum

Front 10

What is the relationship of the kidneys, ureter, pancreas, duodenum, ascending and descending colon, and aorta to the peritoneum?

Back 10

They are all retroperitoneal structures

Front 11

What is the name of the upper, middle region of the abdomen? What is the name of the lower lateral regions?

Back 11

Epigastrium

Left and right iliac/inguinal

Front 12

What 3 projections are generally included in an acute abdomen survey?

Back 12

AP supine abdomen

Erect or lateral decubitus abdomen

PA chest

Front 13

Images of the abdomen are most generally exposed upon what phase of respiration?

Back 13

Expiration

Front 14

What kV range is usually recommended for most abdominal Imaging?

Back 14

70 to 80 kV

Front 15

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity is termed __________; abnormal accumulation of air is termed __________.

Back 15

Ascites

Pneumoperitoneum

Front 16

The condition characterized by telescoping of a portion of bowel into an adjacent portion is termed __________.

Back 16

Intussusception

Front 17

What is another name for Crohn's disease?

Back 17

Regional enteritis

Front 18

When performing lateral decubitus abdomen to show small amounts of air in the peritoneal cavity, the affected side should be __________.

Back 18

Up

Front 19

The CR should be directed to mid-line and __________ for a lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen.

Back 19

2" above the iliac crest

Front 20

The CR should be directed to mid-line and __________ for an AP erect projection of the abdomen.

Back 20

2" above the iliac crest

Front 21

When evaluating the abdomen for small amounts of air or fluid, both __________ should be visualized.

Back 21

Hemidiaphragms

Front 22

Protrusion of a portion of the upper stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm describes __________.

Back 22

Hiatal hernia

Front 23

List the four layers of GI tissue, from inner to outer.

Back 23

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscular

Serosa

Front 24

Which layer of stomach tissue forms folds called rugae?

Back 24

Mucosa

Front 25

Which portion of the small intestine has a feathery appearance when filled with barium?

Back 25

Jejunum

Front 26

The large right lobe of the liver is separated from the left by the __________ ligament.

Back 26

Falciform

Front 27

One of the principal functions of the liver is to produce __________, which leaves the liver via the right and left __________ ducts.

Back 27

Bile

Hepatic

Front 28

What two ducts unite to form the common bile duct?

Back 28

Cystic duct

Common hepatic duct

Front 29

What is the name of the procedure used to examine the biliary and pancreatic ducts by fiber optic means?

Back 29

ERCP

Front 30

During ERCP, contrast material is injected into the __________.

Back 30

Common bile duct

Front 31

What is the medical term that describes condition of stones in the gallbladder?

Back 31

Cholelithiasis

Front 32

Which type of membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior?

Back 32

Mucus

Front 33

The greater curvature forms the __________ aspect of the stomach. What is the name of the distal gastric sphincter?

Back 33

Lateral

Pyloric

Front 34

What surgical procedure may be done to demonstrate biliary anatomy and rule out residual biliary stones?

Back 34

Surgical cholangiography

Front 35

Twisting of the bowel upon itself, causing obstruction, is called __________.

Back 35

Volvulus

Front 36

The length of the small bowel is approximately __________ in length. The length of the large intestine is approximately __________.

Back 36

10 ft

5 ft

Front 37

What structure is located at the terminus of the small intestine?

Back 37

Ileocecal valve

Front 38

List the three parts of the stomach.

Back 38

Fundus

Body

Pylorus

Front 39

List the three parts of the small intestine.

Back 39

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ilium

Front 40

What is the first, most proximal, portion of the large intestine?

Back 40

Cecum

Front 41

The muscular ttaeniae coli pulls the large intestine into pouches called __________.

Back 41

Haustra

Front 42

Small saccular protrusions of intestinal mucosa through the intestinal wall are called __________.

Back 42

Diverticula

Front 43

An abdominal growth of tissue projecting from mucous membrane into a lumen is termed __________.

Back 43

Polyp

Front 44

What is the name of the pouches/segmentations seen in this image? Identify the anatomy indicated in the image.

Back 44

Haustra

1. Splenic flexure

2. Hepatic flexure

3. Ascending colon

4. Cecum

5. Sigmoid colon

6. Descending colon

Front 45

What type of radiographic examination is required to demonstrate colonic polypoid lesions?

Back 45

Double contrast BE

Front 46

What position demonstrates the esophagus projected between the heart and vertebrae? What is usually the optimal of obliquity?

Back 46

RAO

35° to 40°

Front 47

A radiographic examination of the esophagus must be performed in the recumbent position in order to demonstrate what two types of pathology?

Back 47

Hiatal hernia

Esophageal varices

Front 48

What is the best position to demonstrate a barium-filled pylorus and duodenum? To see double contrast of the pylorus and duodenum?

Back 48

RAO

AP/LPO

Front 49

What position will best demonstrate the retrogastric space?

Back 49

Lateral

Front 50

What method of radiologic gastrointestinal examination is used to demonstrate mucosal and other intraluminal lesions?

Back 50

Double contrast

Front 51

What method of BE examination will best demonstrate polypoid lesions?

Back 51

Double contrast

Front 52

Progressive wave-like movement occurring involuntarily in hollow tubes, especially the alimentary canal, is called __________.

Back 52

Peristalsis

Front 53

The term deglutition refers to __________. What does the term aspiration refer to?

Back 53

The act of swallowing

The act of inhaling fluid or solid foreign body into the bronchi and lungs

Front 54

Dilation of the esophageal veins, often seen in acute liver disease, is termed __________; the term used to describe difficulty in swallowing is ___________.

Back 54

Esophageal varices

Dysphagia

Front 55

Modified barium swallow examinations are particularly useful for patients who have suffered what incident?

Back 55

Stroke

Front 56

Small bowel series using GI intubation is termed _______.

Back 56

Enteroclysis

Front 57

What is the usual patient preparation for an upper gastrointestinal series?

Back 57

NPO at least 8 hours

Front 58

Images made during the latter part of a small bowel series require that the CR point of entry is _________ than images made during the first part of the examination.

Back 58

Lower

Front 59

What two positions may be used to demonstrate the hepatic flexure without superimposition?

Back 59

LPO

RAO

Front 60

During double-contrast BE, what part of the large intestine is likely to be filled with barium in the PA recumbent position?

Back 60

Transverse

Front 61

During double-contrast BE, what projection may be used to demonstrate the posterior wall of the rectum?

Back 61

Ventral decubitus, lateral rectum

Front 62

How much and in what direction should the CR be directed for an AP axial projection of the sigmoid colon?

Back 62

30° to 40° cephalad

Front 63

During double-contrast BE, what part of the large intestine is likely to be filled with air in the AP recumbent position?

Back 63

Transverse

Front 64

During radiographic examination of the large bowel, what projection is used to open up the sigmoid colon?

Back 64

AP or PA axial

Front 65

During double contrast BE, what position will best demonstrate the lateral wall of the ascending colon and medial wall of the descending colon?

Back 65

Left lateral decubitus

Front 66

If the surgeon suspects residual biliary stones during cholecystectomy, a catheter can be inserted into the common bile duct with one end extending outside of the body; the patient can later come to the radiology department to rule out biliary stones with what radiologic examination?

Back 66

T-tube cholangiogram

Front 67

The __________ kidney is narrower, longer, and in a higher/more superior position in the body than the opposite kidney.

Back 67

Left

Front 68

The term nephroptosis means __________.

Back 68

Drooping or downward displaced kidney

Front 69

The functional unit of the kidney is termed __________.

Back 69

Nephron

Front 70

The term micturition refers to __________.

Back 70

Urination

Front 71

The ureters lie __________ to the kidneys and are therefore best demonstrated contrast-filled in the __________ position during intravenous urography.

Back 71

Anterior

Prone

Front 72

What position will demonstrate the left kidney parallel to the IR, as well as the right ureter free of superimposition?

Back 72

RPO

Front 73

What is the correct degree of obliquity used in intravenous urography?

Back 73

30°

Front 74

What additional type of image identification is required for intravenous urography?

Back 74

Time markers

Front 75

What degree of obliquity is recommended for cystography?

Back 75

45° to 60°

Front 76

Radiographic examination of the contrast-filled bladder is termed __________.

Back 76

Cystography

Front 77

When examining the contrast build a bladder, how much and what direction is the X-ray tube angled in order to project the pubis inferior to the urinary bladder?

Back 77

10° to 15° caudad