Arrt Section 3: Image Acquisition & Evaluation, Selection Of Technical Factors

Front 1

The greatest enemy of recorded detail is __________.

Back 1

Motion

Front 2

SID has its greatest impact on what two image quality features?

Back 2

Image density

Recorded detail/spatial resolution

Front 3

Focal spot size impacts what image quality?

Back 3

Recorded detail/spatial resolution

Front 4

The features/factors Illustrated here have a significant impact on what quality of the x-ray image?

Back 4

Scatter

Front 5

How does each of these features/factors affect image production?

Back 5

As kV increases, scatter increases

As field size increases, scatter increases

As tissue thickness/density increases, scatter increases

Front 6

From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image contrast: motion, beam restriction, protective filtration, grids.

Back 6

Beam restriction

Grids

Front 7

From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image contrast: part thickness, anode heel effect, pathology.

Back 7

Part thickness

Pathology

Front 8

From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image spatial resolution: focal spot size, SID, OID, kVp, mAs.

Back 8

Focal spot size

SID

OID

Front 9

From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image spatial resolution: motion, beam restriction, protective filtration, grids.

Back 9

Motion

Front 10

From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image spatial resolution: part thickness, anode heel effect, pathology.

Back 10

Part thickness (resulting in OID)

Front 11

What exposure error is Illustrated in the image?

Back 11

Double exposure

Front 12

Why is this CR image not overexposed?

Back 12

Because of automatic rescaling

Front 13

Lack of adequate collimation and/or selection of incorrect processing algorithm is likely to cause __________ errors.

Back 13

Histogram analysis

Front 14

From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image distortion: focal spot size, SID, OID, kVp, mAs.

Back 14

SID

OID

Front 15

From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image distortion: motion, beam restriction, protected filtration, grids.

Back 15

Motion

Front 16

From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image distortion: part thickness, x-ray tube angle, IR angle.

Back 16

All of them

Front 17

What was the cause of the exposure problem seen in this image?

Back 17

Improper positioning of the IP, causing failure of exposure field recognition

Front 18

What does the abbreviation ROI refer to?

Back 18

Region of interest

Front 19

CR artifacts that appear as random small black spots are usually representative of __________.

Back 19

Fog from environmental sources

Front 20

What is the name of the computerized system in which the radiographer has a selection of exams available on the console from which to choose?

Back 20

Anatomically programmed radiography

Front 21

What is the name of the computerized system in which pre-programmed exposure techniques are available?

Back 21

Anatomically programmed radiography

Front 22

What is the name of the device that can be used to measure anatomical parts?

Back 22

Calipers

Front 23

What is the name of the exposure system that is used to make small incremental changes in exposure to compensate for variations in body part thickness?

Back 23

Variable kilovoltage system

Front 24

What is the name of the exposure system that uses an established, optimum kV for each anatomical part?

Back 24

Fixed kilovoltage system

Front 25

What kV increase is indicated for a medium-sized plaster cast?

Back 25

5 to 8 kV

Front 26

Using the variable kV exposure system, how is kV adjusted for each centimeter increase or decrease of tissue thickness?

Back 26

+-2 kV

Front 27

Select the conditions that are likely to require an increase in exposure: atelectasis, gout, pneumonia, emphysema, osteochondroma.

Back 27

Atelectasis

Pneumonia

Osteochondroma

Front 28

Select the conditions that are likely to require a decrease in exposure: congestive heart failure, sclerosis, pneumothorax, osteoporosis, cirrhosis.

Back 28

Pneumothorax

Osteoporosis

Front 29

What type of cast often requires no change in exposure?

Back 29

Fiberglass

Front 30

How should technical factors be adjusted in pediatric radiography to minimize possible motion?

Back 30

Short exposure time with higher mA

Front 31

List some examples of immobilization devices, techniques, and equipment used in pediatric radiography.

Back 31

Pigg-O-Stat

Papoose board

Sheet wrap

Sandbags

Compression band

Stockinette

Tape

Radiolucent sponges

Front 32

What are the two basic types of artificial contrast media?

Back 32

Positive (barium) and negative (air)

Front 33

What are the two types of compound substances used to make positive contrast media?

Back 33

Iodine and barium

Front 34

Artificial contrast media are required when subject contrast is __________.

Back 34

Low

Front 35

Artificial contrast agents can be introduced into the body in what two ways?

Back 35

Injection and ingestion

Front 36

Which type of contrast agent produces increased brightness in tissues?

Back 36

Positive

Front 37

What can be used to increase image contrast when radiographic tissues having low subject contrast?

Back 37

An artificial contrast agent

Front 38

What are the component parts of the AEC that function to measure the amount of radiation transmitted?

Back 38

Detectors/cells

Front 39

What type of AEC uses a photomultiplier tube?

Back 39

Phototimer

Front 40

What type of AEC is considered an "entrance-type" device?

Back 40

Ionization chamber

Front 41

When using AEC, the radiographer should set the backup time to __________ of the total expected required exposure time.

Back 41

150%

Front 42

Regulations require that AECs have a __________ mAs safety override.

Back 42

600

Front 43

Why is part positioning and centering so critical when using AEC?

Back 43

If the part is not accurately centered to the appropriate detector, over or under exposure is likely to occur

Front 44

If a PA chest was performed with the center detector selected, the resulting image is likely to be __________.

Back 44

Overexposed

Front 45

If a lateral lumbar spine were performed with the center detector selected and the spinous processes centered to the sensor, the resulting image is likely to be __________.

Back 45

Underexposed

Front 46

What is the term used to describe the shortest exposure time that a particular AEC system can produce?

Back 46

Minimum response time

Front 47

From the following list, select the factors that can have a significant impact on receptor exposure: focal spot size, SID, OID, kVp, mAs.

Back 47

SID

kVp

mAs

Front 48

From the following list, select the factors that can have a significant impact on receptor exposure: motion, beam restriction, protective filtration, grids.

Back 48

Beam restriction

Grids

Front 49

From the following list, select the factors that can have a significant impact on receptor exposure: part thickness, anode heel effect, pathology.

Back 49

All of them

Front 50

For the same FOV, arrange the following Matrix sizes in order of increasing spatial resolution: 1024x1024, 512x512, 4096x4096

Back 50

512x512

1024x1024

4096x4096

Front 51

The extent/number of exposure intensities and image receptor can accurately detect is termed __________.

Back 51

Dynamic range

Front 52

What is the term used to describe a combination of rows and columns of small picture elements?

Back 52

Matrix

Front 53

What term is used to describe the volume elements within a matrix?

Back 53

Voxel

Front 54

The larger the matrix size, for a given FOV, the __________ the pixel size and the __________ the spatial resolution.

Back 54

Smaller

Better/greater

Front 55

A digital image is made up of a 2D array of numbers called a __________.

Back 55

Matrix

Front 56

What term is used to describe the picture elements within a matrix?

Back 56

Pixel

Front 57

What formula is used to determine pixel size?

Back 57

FOV ÷ matrix size