Arrt Review Image Production

Front 1

Overall aomount of blackening on film?

Back 1

Density

Front 2

What is density rate regulated by?

Back 2

exposure rate or nmber of photons reaching the film

Front 3

To graphically illustrate the response of x ray film to amounts of exposure the densities can be plotted on a graph. What is this called?

Back 3

H&D Curve, sensitometric curve, or characteristic curve.

Front 4

Radiographic film base plus fog ranges around what numbers?

Back 4

.05-1.0

Front 5

What is the diagnostic useful range of density?

Back 5

.25-2.5

Front 6

The study of film emulsion to exposure is what?

Back 6

sensitometry

Front 7

What does the study of sensitometry require the use of?

Back 7

sensitometer, densitometer, and processor.

Front 8

Difference in density represent what?

Back 8

contrast

Front 9

Product of ma and time

Back 9

mAs

Front 10

Any combination of mA and time that will produce a given mAs will produce an identical density. This is know as what?

Back 10

reciprocity

Front 11

Is mAs a quatitative factor?

Back 11

yes

Front 12

What does mAs regulate?

Back 12

beam intensity
exposure rate
quantity or # of x rays

Front 13

Is MAS directly or indirectly proportional to denisty?

Back 13

directly

Front 14

What do you do that produces more high energy x-ray photons?

Back 14

Increase the kvp

Front 15

KVP affects ___________ and ___________
of the film

Back 15

quatity, quantity

Front 16

How are kvp and mAs related?

Back 16

directly but not proportionally

Front 17

When mAs manipulation is not possible, how can you double or half the density and what is the disadvantage of doing this?

Back 17

15% rule, you change the scale of contrast

Front 18

The relationship between SID and density is governed by what law?

Back 18

The inverse square law

I1 D2 squared
---=___________
I2 D1 squared

Front 19

What is the distance maintenance formula?

Back 19

mas1 (D1)2
____=_____
mas2 (D2)2

Front 20

If 25 mAs at 40 inches is necessary how much mAs should be used if 72 inches must be used?

Back 20

Distance Maintenance Formula

Front 21

What is the purpose of an intensifying screen?

Back 21

decrease patient dose and increase tube life

Front 22

As screen speed increases what will patient dose do?

Back 22

Decrease

Front 23

The flourescent light emitted by the phospors is responsible for what percentage of image density?

Back 23

98-99%

Front 24

What is the purpose of a grid?

Back 24

improve contrast

Front 25

The primary purpose of a grid is to absorb _________ produced by what effect?

Back 25

scatter, compton

Front 26

The grid should be placed where?

Back 26

Between patient and film

Front 27

What should a patient measure for you to use a grid?

Back 27

9-11 cm

Front 28

What are the types of grids?

Back 28

Stationary- grid lines
Moving
Parallel
Focused
Cross hatch-prohibit tube angulation

Front 29

What are the types of grid errors?

Back 29

Off-level-loss of density
Off-center-loss of density
Off-focus-dark strip down middle
Upside down grid-dark strip down middle
"Moire" artifact-2 focused grids on top of each other.

Front 30

What are the grid ratio conversions?

Back 30

5:1 2
6:1 3
8:1 4
10:1 5
12:1 5
16:1 6

Front 31

What is grid ratio?

Grid frequency?

Back 31

height/distance

# of lead strips per inch

Front 32

Ordinary filtration of 2.5 mm Al has what effect on density?

Back 32

none

Front 33

What effect does beam restriction have on density?

Back 33

decreases (4x4 and lower, only manual settings)

Front 34

Does beam restriction have a greater effect on contrast or density?

Back 34

contrast increases

Front 35

Under manual technique how would you compensate for most additive pathology?
What would you do with AEC?

Back 35

increase 5-15%, nothing automatically adjust

Front 36

Is abscess additive or subtractive?

Back 36

additive

Front 37

Is edema additive or subtractive?

Back 37

additive

Front 38

Are tumors additive or subtractive?

Back 38

additive

Front 39

Is atealeactasis additive or subtractive?

Back 39

additive

Front 40

Is CHF additive or subtractive?

Back 40

additive

Front 41

Are pleural effusions additive or subtractive?

Back 41

additive

Front 42

Is pneumonia additive or subtractive?

Back 42

additive

Front 43

Is TB additive or subtractive?

Back 43

additive

Front 44

IS ascites additive or subtractive?

Back 44

additive

Front 45

Is cirrhosis additive or subtractive?

Back 45

additive

Front 46

Osteomyelitis is additive or subtractive?

Back 46

additive

Front 47

Is pagets's disease additive or subtractive?

Back 47

additive

Front 48

Is atrophy additive or subtractive?

Back 48

subtractive

Front 49

IS bowel obstruction additive or subtractive?

Back 49

subtractive

Front 50

is degenerative arthritis additive or subtractive?

Back 50

subtractive

Front 51

Is multiple myeloma additive or subtractive?

Back 51

subtractive

Front 52

Is osteomalacia additive or subtractive?

Back 52

subtractive

Front 53

Is osteoporosis additive or subtractive?

Back 53

subtractive

Front 54

Is emhysema additive or subtractive?

Back 54

subtractive