Army Study Guide - First Aid

Front 1

What is Self Aid?

Back 1

Emergency treatment one applies to oneself

Front 2

Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment

Back 2

•Bayonet
•Rifle
•Entrenching tool
•Tent poles and stakes
•Web belt

Front 3

What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg?

Back 3

Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg

Front 4

How many pressure points, which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body?

Back 4

11

Front 5

What is the object of first aid?

Back 5

1.To stop bleeding
2.Overcome shock
3.Relieve pain
4.Prevent infection

Front 6

What FM covers first aid for soldiers?

Back 6

FM 4-25.11

Front 7

What is First Aid?

Back 7

It is the first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel can be made available

Front 8

What is the unique feature of type "O" blood?

Back 8

It is a universal donor

Front 9

When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound?

Back 9

If in a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound

Front 10

What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries?

Back 10

Soldiers not accustomed to the heat, overweight soldiers, prior heat casualties, and soldiers already dehydrated due to alcohol use, diarrhea, or lack of water (insufficient use of)

Front 11

How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?

Back 11

2 to 4 inches

Front 12

What are the lifesaving steps? (The ABC's of medical treatment)

Back 12

1.Open the airway and restore breathing
2.Stop the bleeding / Protect the wound
3.Prevent shock

Front 13

When applying splint, where should the bandages be tied?

Back 13

The bandages should be tied with knots against the splint

Front 14

Whose first aid dressing should be used on a casualty?

Back 14

Use the casualty’s field dressing

Front 15

How should the ends of an improved pressure dressing be tied?

Back 15

Tie the ends together in a nonslip knot, directly over the wound site. DO NOT tie so tightly that it has a tourniquet-like effect.

Front 16

What is manual pressure?

Back 16

If bleeding continues after applying the sterile field dressing, direct manual pressure may be used to help control bleeding. Apply such pressure by placing a hand on the dressing and exerting firm pressure for 5 to 10 minutes. The casualty may be asked to do this himself if he is conscious and can follow instructions

Front 17

Should a casualty be given water to drink?

Back 17

He should not eat or drink

Front 18

Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible?

Back 18

To protect the wound from further contamination of germs, and also to control the bleeding

Front 19

What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet?

Back 19

Mark his or her forehead with a T and if possible, note the time of the application of the tourniquet

Front 20

Should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet?

Back 20

No, only qualified medical personnel can do that

Front 21

Where is a tourniquet applied?

Back 21

Place the tourniquet around the limb, between the wound and the body trunk (or between the wound and the heart). Never place it directly over a wound, a fracture, or joint. Tourniquets, for maximum effectiveness, should be placed on the upper arm or above the knee on the thigh.

Front 22

How can you prevent athlete's foot?

Back 22

Keep your feet clean, use foot powder and change socks daily

Front 23

Name 3 categories of heat injuries

Back 23

1.Heat cramps
2.Heat exhaustion
3.Heat stroke

Front 24

What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps?

Back 24

1.Cramping in the extremities (arms and legs)
2.Abdominal Cramps (stomach)
3.Excessive Sweating

Front 25

What is the treatment for heat cramps?

Back 25

1.Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
2.Loosen his clothing (if not in a chemical environment)

In a chemical environment, transport the heat casualty to a non-contaminated area as soon as the mission permits.


3.Have him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water. (The body absorbs cool water faster than warm or cold water; therefore, cool water is preferred if it is available.)
4.Seek medical assistance should cramps continue.

Front 26

What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion?

Back 26

1.Excessive sweating with pale, moist, cool skin
2.Headache
3.Weakness
4.Dizziness
5.Loss of appetite
6.Cramping
7.Nausea (with or without vomiting)
8.Urge to defecate
9.Chills (Gooseflesh)
10.Rapid Breathing
11.Tingling of Hands/Feet
12.Confusion

Front 27

What would the treatment be for heat exhaustion?

Back 27

Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
2.Loosen or remove his clothing and boots (unless in a chemical environment); pour water on him and fan him.
3.Have him slowly drink at least one canteen of water.
4.Elevate his legs.
5.If possible, the casualty should not participate in strenuous activity for the remainder of the day.
6.Monitor the casualty until the symptoms are gone, or medical assistance arrives

Front 28

What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke?

Back 28

1.Skin is red, hot and dry
2.Weakness
3.Dizziness
4.Confusion
5.Headaches
6.Seizures
7.Nausea
8.Stomach pains or cramps
9.Respiration and pulse may be rapid and weak.
10.Unconsciousness and collapse may occur suddenly.

Front 29

What would the treatment be for heat stroke?

Back 29

1.Moving him to a cool, shady area or improvising shade if none is available.
2.Loosening or removing his clothing (except in a chemical environment).
3.Spraying or pouring water on him; fanning him to permit the coolant effect of evaporation.
4.Massaging his extremities and skin, which increases the blood flow to those body areas, thus aiding the cooling process.
5.Elevating his legs.
6.Having him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water if he is conscious.
7.Seek medical assistance immediately

Front 30

If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use for opening an airway?

Back 30

The jaw thrust technique, because in most cases it can be done without extending the neck

Front 31

What are two basic types of fractures?

Back 31

1.Open (compound)
2.Closed (simple)

Front 32

What are some signs of an open fracture?

Back 32

•Bleeding.
•Bones sticking through the skin.
•Check for pulse

Front 33

What are some signs of a closed fracture?

Back 33

•Swelling.
•Discoloration.
•Deformity.
•Unusual body position.
•Check for pulse

Front 34

With an open fracture, what should you do first?

Back 34

Stop the bleeding

Front 35

What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?

Back 35

"Splint them where they lie"

Front 36

How tight should tourniquet be?

Back 36

Tightened until the bright red bleeding has stopped.

Front 37

What are the three types of bleeding?

Back 37

1.Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with each heart beat
2.Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream
3.Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound

Front 38

Name 4 common points for checking pulse

Back 38

1.Carotid- The side of the neck
2.Femoral- The groin
3.Radial- The wrist
4.Posterial Tibial- Ankle

Front 39

What are some signs/symptoms of shock?

Back 39

•Clammy skin (cool, pale and damp)
•Restlessness and nervousness
•Thirst
•Loss of blood
•Confusion
•Fast breathing
•Nausea or vomiting
•Blotched or bluish skin (especially around the mouth and lips)
•Often perspires freely
•May pass out.

Front 40

What is the treatment for shock?

Back 40

“P.E.L.C.R.N.” (Pronounced Pell-Crin)
•Position the casualty on their back
•Elevate the Legs
•Loosen clothing at neck waist or wherever it is binding
•Climatize (prevent too hot or too cold)
•Reassure (keep the casualty calm)
•Notify medical personnel (Help, Get a medic!!)

Front 41

What is a heat injury?

Back 41

A loss of water and salt, loss of sweat while personnel work in the heat, a general dehydration of the body

Front 42

What is the greatest preventive measure for disease?

Back 42

Cleanliness

Front 43

How do you stop bleeding?

Back 43

•Apply a field dressing
•Manual pressure
•Elevate the limb
•Apply a pressure dressing
•Digital Pressure
•Apply a tourniquet

Front 44

What is CPR?

Back 44

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is used to restore a heart beat

Front 45

When can measures taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued?

Back 45

•When a doctor tells you to stop
•When others relieve you
•When you cannot physically continue
•When the casualty starts to breath on his own

Front 46

What is AIDS?

Back 46

AIDS is the end stage of the HIV infection. At this point, the virus has attacked and weakened a person's immune system

Front 47

Name two types of rescue breathing

Back 47

1.Mouth to mouth
2.Mouth to nose

Front 48

What do the letters AIDS stand for?

Back 48

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Front 49

When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?

Back 49

When the casualty has a:
•Head injury
•Abdominal wound
•Fractured (unsplinted) leg

Front 50

How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding?

Back 50

5 to 10 minutes

Front 51

What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty?

Back 51

Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit

Front 52

When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?

Back 52

As a last resort when everything else has failed or when an arm or leg has been severed off

Front 53

What does COLD stand for?

Back 53

It is a key word in cold weather protection, it stands for Keep it CLEAN, Avoid OVERHEATING, Wear it LOOSE and in layers and Keep it DRY

Front 54

What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty?

Back 54

Check for:
• Responsiveness
•Breathing
•Pulse
•Bleeding
•Shock
•Fractures
•Burns
•Possible concussions (head injuries)

Front 55

What is the first indication of frostbite?

Back 55

Skin becomes numb and white particles/patches form on it

Front 56

What do you do to treat frostbite?

Back 56

Remove clothing from the affected area, warm with body heat, dress the area and seek additional medical help

Front 57

When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?

Back 57

As the individual breathes out
(FM 4-25.11 Dec 2002 / 3-5 / PDF 61)

Front 58

How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound?

Back 58

On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure

Front 59

What do you do with exposed abdominal organs?

Back 59

Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen (never try to put them back in)

Front 60

How do you take the Carotid pulse?

Back 60

Carotid pulse. To check the carotid pulse, feel for a pulse on the side of the casualty’s neck closest to you. This is done by placing the tips of your first two fingers beside his Adam’s apple.

Front 61

In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the two-man methods?

Back 61

•Two-Man Support Carry
•Two-Man Arms Carry
•Two-Man Fore-and Aft-Carry
•Four-Hand Seat Carry
•Two-Hand Seat Carry

Front 62

In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the one-man methods?

Back 62

•Fireman's carry
•Supporting carry
•Arms Carry
•Saddleback carry
•Pack-strap carry
•Pistol belt carry
•Pistol belt drag
•Neck drag
•LBE Carry Using Bearers LBE
•LBE Carry UsingCasualty’s LBE
•Cradle Drop Drag

Front 63

Should you put any medication or cream on a burn?

Back 63

No

Front 64

Name the four types of burns

Back 64

1.Thermal
2.Electrical
3.Chemical
4.Laser

Front 65

What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns?

Back 65

Lessen or prevent shock and infection

Front 66

What are the three categories used in medical evacuation?

Back 66

1.Urgent- within 2 hours
2.Priority- within 4 hours
3.Routine- within 24 hours

Front 67

What is the first aid procedure for a white phosphorous casualty?

Back 67

Smother the flame by submerging the affected area in water or pack with mud. Then remove the particles by brushing or picking them out

Front 68

What is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim?

Back 68

Remove the casualty from the source of the burn

Front 69

What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening an airway?

Back 69

1.The jaw thrust
2.Head tilt/chin lift methods

Front 70

What is the major cause of tooth decay and gum disease?

Back 70

Dental plaque

Front 71

What are the 9 mild symptoms of nerve agent poisoning?

Back 71

1.Unexplained runny nose
2.Unexplained headache
3.Sudden drooling
4.Difficulty seeing (dimness of vision and miosis)
5.Tightness in the chest or difficulty in breathing
6.Localized sweating and muscular twitching in the area of contaminated skin
7.Stomach cramps
8.Nausea
9.Tachycardia followed by bradycardia (Tachycardia is an abnormally rapid heartbeat wth a heart rate of over 100 beats per minute. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute)

Front 72

What are the 11 severe symptoms of nerve agent poisoning?

Back 72

1.Strange or confused behavior.
2.Wheezing, dyspnea (difficulty in breathing), and coughing.
3.Severely pinpointed pupils.
4.Red eyes with tearing.
5.Vomiting.
6.Severe muscular twitching and general weakness.
7.Involuntary urination and defecation.
8.Convulsions.
9.Unconsciousness.
10.Respiratory failure.
11.Bradycardia.