Army Board Questions: First Aid

Front 1

What Army manual covers first aid for soldiers?

Back 1

FM 4-25.11

Front 2

What is first aid?

Back 2

It's the first care given to injured soldiers before medical personnel are available.

Front 3

What are the four life-saving steps of first aid?

Back 3

1.Clear the airway and restore breathing.
2.Stop the bleeding.
3.Treat and dress the wounds to prevent infection.
4.Prevent Shock.

Front 4

What are the three types of bleeding and how are they recognized?

Back 4

Arterial: Blood is bright red and spurts with the heartbeat.

Venous: Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream.

Capillary: Blood oozes from the wound.

Front 5

How do you stop bleeding?

Back 5

1.Apply a field dressing.
2.Apply manual pressure.
3.Elevate the injured limb.
4.Apply a pressure dressing.
5.Apply a tourniquet.

Front 6

Whose first aid dressing should be used on the casualty?

Back 6

Use the casualty's bandage.

Front 7

When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?

Back 7

As a last resort when everything else has failed to stop the bleeding, or when an arm or leg has been cut off.

Front 8

What are the four types of burns?

Back 8

Electrical
Thermal
Chemical
Laser

Front 9

What is the single most common cause of airway blockage?

Back 9

The tongue

Front 10

Where is a tourniquet applied?

Back 10

Around a limb, between the injury and the heart, two to four inches above the wound. And, never place a tourniquet directly on a joint.

Front 11

How tight should a tourniquet be?

Back 11

Until bright red bleeding has stopped.

Front 12

What must be done to indicate a casualty has a tourniquet?

Back 12

Mark the casualty's forehead with a "T" and note the time of application.

Front 13

When should you loosen or remove a tourniquet?

Back 13

Never

Front 14

Define manual pressure

Back 14

Firm pressure on the dressing for five to 10 minutes.

Front 15

What is HIV?

Back 15

Human Immunovirus

Front 16

What should be applied if bleeding continues after applying a field dressing?

Back 16

Apply a pressure dressing after manual pressure and elevation of the injury.

Front 17

What are the two types of artificial respiration?

Back 17

The mouth-to-mouth method, and the back pressure-arm lift method.

Front 18

Should a casualty be given water to drink?

Back 18

Casualties should not eat or drink.

Front 19

What are the signs of shock?

Back 19

Clammy skin
Confusion
Nausea or vomiting
Restlessness or nervousness
Loss of blood
thirst
fast breathing
fainting spells
excessive perspiration
blotched or bluish skin(especially around mouth)

Front 20

When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?

Back 20

When there is a head injury, abdominal wound or unsplinted fractured leg(s).

Front 21

What is the treatment for shock?

Back 21

Move to cover if possible. Lay the casualty on their back; elevate the legs; loosen clothing at the neck, waist, ankles and feet; prevent chilling or overheating; keep the casualty calm.

Front 22

What is the measure for checking the tightness of bandages?

Back 22

Two fingers should slip under the bandage.

Front 23

What items should never be used as a tourniquet?

Back 23

Wire or string.

Front 24

What procedure is used to restore heartbeat?

Back 24

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR).

Front 25

When it becomes necessary to give CPR what is the ratio of pumps to breaths for a one-man rescue and a two-man rescue?

Back 25

One man - 15 pumps/2 breaths
Two man - 5 pumps/1 breath

Front 26

When may resuscitation measures be stopped?

Back 26

1.When a doctor tells you to stop.
2.When you are relieved by others.
3.When you can't physically continue.
4.When the casualty starts breathing on their own.

Front 27

What is the correct method of artificial respiration during an NBC attack, and why?

Back 27

The back pressure-arm lift method because during an NBC attack both of you will be masked.

Front 28

When is a casualty's clothing not removed in order to expose a wound?

Back 28

When the clothing is stuck to the wound, or in an NBC environment.

Front 29

What is unique about type "O" blood?

Back 29

It can be used by anybody.

Front 30

Why should wounds be treated as soon as possible?

Back 30

To control the bleeding, and to protect the wound from contamination by germs.

Front 31

What is a heat injury?

Back 31

General dehydration of the body brought on by loss of water and salt through activity in the heat.

Front 32

What are the three categories of heat injuries?

Back 32

Heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Front 33

Describe the signs of heat cramps.

Back 33

Muscle cramps of the legs, arms or abdomen, excessive sweating.

Front 34

Describe the treatment for heat cramps.

Back 34

Move the casualty into shade, loosen clothing and give cool water.

Front 35

Name the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion.

Back 35

Clammy skin
Headache
Muscle cramps
excessive sweating
weakness
nausea
dizziness
urge to defecate
chills
rapid breathing
Confusion
tingling hands or feet

Front 36

How should heat exhaustion be treated?

Back 36

Move the casualty to a cool, shaded area, loosen any tight fitting clothing, have him or her drink a canteen of cool water, elevate the legs and monitor.

Front 37

Describe the signs and symptons of heat stroke.

Back 37

The person stops sweating
Dry and hot skin
fast pulse
headache
dizziness
nausea or vomiting
weakness
seizures

Front 38

How should heat stroke be treated?

Back 38

Immerse the casualty in the coldest water available or remove the clothing and wet entire body while fanning, transport to the nearest medical facility.

Front 39

What are the two most common types of fractures?

Back 39

Open(compound), and closed(simple).

Front 40

What is an open fracture?

Back 40

A broken bone that breaks through the skin.

Front 41

What should be done first for an open fracture?

Back 41

Stop the bleeding.

Front 42

What are the signs and symptoms or fractures?

Back 42

Pain at the site, discoloration and deformity.

Front 43

Why is a fracture immobilized?

Back 43

To prevent the sharp edges of the bone from moving and cutting tissue, muscle, blood vessels and nerves. Doing this reduces pain and helps prevent and control shock.

Front 44

What is shock and why is it dangerous

Back 44

Shock is inadequate blood flow to the vital organs and tissues. If shock is uncorrected it may result in death even though the injury or conditions causing shock appear to be less than fatal.

Front 45

What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?

Back 45

Splint them where they lie.

Front 46

What does the key word "COLD" mean in cold weather protection?

Back 46

Keeping it CLEAN
Avoiding OVERHEATING
Wearing LOOSE clothing in layers
Keeping it DRY

Front 47

Name five types of cold and wet weather injuries.

Back 47

Frostbite: Actual freezing of a part of the body.

Hypothermia: Lowering of the body temperature.

Immersion/Trench Foot: Occurs between 32 and 50 degrees.

Chilblain: mild form of frostbite
Snow blindness:pain in and around the eyes.

Front 48

Describe the signs and symptoms of frostbite.

Back 48

Loss of sensation or numb feeling in any part of the body.

Sudden whitening of the skin in the affected area, followed by a momentary tingling feeling.

Redness of skin in light-skinned soldiers; grayish coloring in dark-skinned soldiers.

Blisters

Swollen and/or tender areas.

Loss of previous feeling of pain in the affected area.

Pale, yellowish, waxy-looking skin.

Frozen area that feels solid or wooden to the touch.

Front 49

What is the treatment for frostbite?

Back 49

Warm the area at the first sign of frostbite with the casualty's or a buddy's hands, underarm or abdomen.

Face, ears or nose: Cover the area with the casualty's or buddy's hands.

Hands: Place them inside his or her clothing against the body and close the clothing.

Feet: Place the casualty's bare feet under the clothing and against the body of another soldier.

Loosen or remove tight clothing and any jewelry.

Cover the casualty with a blanket or other dry material.

Front 50

What precautions should be followed with frostbite?

Back 50

Don't soak the frostbitten part.

Don't rub it with snow.

Don't expose it to any extreme heat source.

Don't rub or more the frostbitten part in any way to increase circulation.

Don't allow the casualty to smoke or drink alcohol.

Do not treat seriously frostbitten parts if the casualty must walk or travel to receive further treatment.

Front 51

What is hypothermia?

Back 51

The body loses heat faster than it can produce.

Front 52

What are the two types of hypothermia?

Back 52

Mild and severe.

Front 53

Describe the symptoms of hypothermia.

Back 53

Casualty is cold. Shivering stops, but the body temperature is low. Consciousness may be altered. Movement is uncoordinated. Shock and coma may set in as a result of lower body temperatures.

Front 54

What is the treatment for hypothermia?

Back 54

Immediately rewarm the body evenly with a heat source.

Keep the casualty dry, and protect from the elements.

Warm liquids may gradually be given to the casualty providing he or she is conscious.

Be prepared to start basic life support measures for the casualty.

Seek medical help immediately. Hypothermia is a medical emergency and must be treated as soon as possible.

Front 55

What are the signs and symptoms of immersion foot?

Back 55

Affected parts are cold, numb and painless. Then, the parts may become hot, with burning and shooting pains. In the advanced stage skin is pale with a bluish tint, pulse decreases. Blistering, swelling, heat, hemorrhages and gangrene may follow

Front 56

How is trench/immersion foot acquired?

Back 56

It results from fairly long exposure of the feet to wet and cold(50-32 degrees F). Inactive feet in damp or wet socks and boots or tightly laced boots which impair circulation can also cause it.

Front 57

How is trench/immersion foot treated?

Back 57

Rewarm the injury gradually by exposing it to warm air.

Do not massage it.

Do not moisten the skin.

Do not apply heat or ice.

Protect the affected area from further trauma.

Keep the injury dry. Avoid walking.

Seek medical treatment.

Front 58

What are the symptoms of chilblain?

Back 58

The affected areas are red, swollen, hot, tender, and itchy. Continued exposure will lead to blisters or bleeding skin lesions.

Front 59

Describe the treatment for chilblain.

Back 59

The affected area usually responds to locally applied rewarming with body heat. Don't rub or massage the area.

Front 60

What is snow blindness?

Back 60

The effect that glare from an ice field or snowfield has on the eyes.

Front 61

Will snow blindness occur only when the sun is shining?

Back 61

No. It can happen in cloudy weather, also.

Front 62

What are the symptoms of snow blindness?

Back 62

A sensation of grit or sand in the eyes, pain in and over the eyes which feels worse when the eyeball moves. Other signs include watering, redness, headache, and pain on exposure to light.

Front 63

How should snow blindness be treated?

Back 63

Blindfolding or covering the eyes with dark cloth which stops eye movement. Rest, protect from further exposure to light. Seek medical care.

Front 64

Is snow blindness permanent?

Back 64

No. The condition usually heals in a few days without permanent damage.

Front 65

What is the most common condition which requires first aid assistance?

Back 65

The open wound.

Front 66

How would you treat a sucking chest wound?

Back 66

Cover the area with plastic to stop the flow of air. Bandage the wound and lay the casualty on the wound if possible, or have the person sit up.

Front 67

How much water should be given to a person with an abdominal wound?

Back 67

None

Front 68

What is the best one man carry that can be used for transporting a casualty long distance?

Back 68

The pistol belt carry

Front 69

Describe the three degrees of burns

Back 69

1st degree burn-reddening skin
2nd degree burn-blistering
3rd degree burn-charred flesh.First Aid

Front 70

What is the most important thing to do in care of a serious burn?

Back 70

Keep the burn clean and apply a dry sterile dressing.

Front 71

If you found a casualty with a hole in his or her chest what would be the first thing to do?

Back 71

Check the back for an exit wound.

Front 72

What is an indication of a sucking chest wound?

Back 72

Frothy fluid bursting with each breath.

Front 73

Would you elevate a patient's legs if he had a head injury?

Back 73

No

Front 74

Should large amounts of water be given to a burn victim?

Back 74

No. One quart per hour is sufficient.

Front 75

What is self aid?

Back 75

Emergency treatment applied by oneself.

Front 76

What are the four life saving steps?

Back 76

1.Clear the airway.
2.Stop the bleeding
3.Protect the wound.
4.Treat for shock.

Front 77

What is the first aid for snake bites?

Back 77

Do not attempt to cut open the bite or suck the venom out of the bite. If the venom should seep through any damaged or lacerated tissues in the mouth, you could immediately lose consciousness or even die.

Bite on arm or leg: place a constricting band one to two finger widths above and below the bite. Band should be tight but not cut off circulation. If there is swelling move the bands to the edges of the swelling.

Keep the injured area below the level of the heart.
Keep the casualty quiet, immobile if possible
If possible wash the area of the bite with soap and water. Do not use any ointments.
Never give the casualty food, alchohol, coffee, tea, drugs or tobacco.
Remove rings, watches, or other jewelery from the affected limb.
Identify the snake or kill it for identification
Seek medical attention.

Front 78

What is the best position for a casualty with a stomach wound?

Back 78

On his back with knees flexed.

Front 79

What is the best first aid for bee stings?

Back 79

1.Remove the stinger with knife or fingernail. Don't squeeze the venom sac on the stinger.
2.Wash the area
3.Apply ice or freeze pack, if available.
4.If symptoms of allergic reactions appear, be prepared to perform basic life saving measures and seek immediate medical aid.

Front 80

When are snakes most active?

Back 80

During the period from twilight to daylight.

Front 81

Can all snakes swim?

Back 81

All species of snakes can swim.

Front 82

Should any medication or cream be put on a burn?

Back 82

No.

Front 83

Should unbroken blisters be opened?

Back 83

They should be protected and allowed to drain naturally unless it is in an area where friction is going to cause it to break open.

Front 84

How should blisters be treated?

Back 84

1.Cleanse the area with soap and water.
2.Sterilize a needle
3.Open blister by sticking it at the lower edge.
4.Drain the blister by pressing it and removing the fluid with a clean cloth or gauze.
5.Apply a bandage.

Front 85

How are open blisters treated?

Back 85

1.Cleanse the area with soap and water.
2.Apply a bandage

Front 86

What is an STD?

Back 86

Sexually Transmitted Disease.

Front 87

What does AIDS stand for?

Back 87

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Front 88

What causes AIDS?

Back 88

The HIV virus

Front 89

Give two distinguishing characteristics of a non-poisonous snake.

Back 89

Oval-shaped head and round pupils.

Front 90

How can you identify a poisonous snake?

Back 90

They have small deep pits between the nostrils and eyes on each side of the head.

Front 91

Name the four poisonous snakes found in the U.S.

Back 91

Rattlesnakes, copperheads, water moccasins, and coral snakes.

Front 92

Give two examples of pit vipers.

Back 92

Rattlesnakes, bushmasters, copperheads, fer-de-lance, malayan pit vipers and water moccasins

Front 93

Identify the process of evaluating a casualty.

Back 93

1.Check for RESPONSIVENESS
-"Are you okay?"
-Gently shake or tap on the shoulder
-Watch for response

2.Check for BREATHING
-Look for rise and fall in chest
-Listen for breathing
-Feel for breathing

3.Check for BLEEDING
-Look for blood
-Look for entry and exit wounds.

4.Check for SHOCK
-Clammy skin
-Pale skin
-Restlessness or nervousness
-Thirst
-Blood loss
-Confusion
-Fast breathing
-Blotchy or bluish skin around mouth
-Nausea and/or vomiting

5.Check for FRACTURES
a.look for back or neck injury
-Pain or tenderness in neck or back area
-Cuts or bruises in neck or back area
-Inability of casualty to move
-Unusual body or limb position
b.check for open fractures
-bleeding or bone sticking through skin
c.check for closed fractures
-swelling
-discoloration
-deformity
-unusual body position.

6.Check for BURNS
-reddened, blistered, charred skin
-singed clothing

7.Check for HEAD INJURY
-unequal pupils
-fluid from ears, nose, mouth, or injury site
-slurred speech
-confusion
-sleepiness
-Loss of memory or consciousness
-staggering in walking
-headache
-dizziness
-vomiting
-paralysis
-convulsions or twitches

8. Seek MEDICAL aid
-yell "MEDIC!"