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8 Cards in this Set
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"Considering that knowledge of the chemical as well as the optical principles of photography was fairly widespread following Schulz's experiment ... the circumstance that photography was not invented earlier remains the greatest mystery in its history" ** |
Burning With Desire Bachen - history of photography & inventors Daguerre (first to announce photography process to general public, worked with copper plate to produce one unique image) Wedgewood (first to understand the science, chemically fixed an object's silhouette to surfaces by coating the subject in silver nitrate & exposing it to sun - working with light, heat, & chemicals) Niépce (first photograph, created heliographs - uses reflected light to imprint an image, 8 hour exposure time) Talbot (created photograms - light sensitive paper to produce print, introduced negative/positive images & as a result reproduction) - photography as a result of western culture rather than an isolated individual genius |
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"The landscape sketch marks the emergence of a new norm of pictorial coherence that made photography conceivable" "The ultimate origins of photography - both technical and aesthetic - lie in the fifteenth-century invention of linear perspective. The technical side of this statement is simple: photography is nothing more than a means for automatically producing pictures in perfect perspective. The aesthetic side is more complex and is meaningful only in broader historical terms" ** classic art elements influencing photography |
Before Photography - Painting & the Invention of Photography Peter Galassi - photography greatly inspired by earlier art movements 15th Century (linear perspective / photography automatically produced pictures in perfect perspective) Renaissance (perspective as subjective basis of picture making / photography inspired by this change of ideology ) Neoclassical (artistic renewal, importance of nature & landscape paintings / artistic transformation: immediate perspective and unexpected forms, nature scenes) |
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"Photography may have been invented to help extend man's understanding of the objects around him, but the practice of making pictures resulted in a new awareness on the part of the observer of his position within the universe. The images that Talbot obtained with the camera ultimately awakened in him the awareness of his own uniqueness as a moving, sensate being" ** |
Talbot's Rouen Window McCauley - photography as 'picturesque imaging' - Talbot's photo focuses on aesthetics, subjectivity as the subject, taking advantage of camera exposure - perception of space - photography views constructed similarly to paintings - other artists (Niépce & Daguerre) photographed through windows, but did not photograph window as subject |
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"The celebrity carte provoked fears of a populist broadening of the public sphere. Critics were concerned that the carte would introduce a more superficial notion of celebrity itself ... the carte was a thinking of the self through things" ** cartes-de-viste, accessibility of photography |
Celebrity & Community John Plunkett - cartes established photography as a public and commercial media in the 1860s (camera with several lenses to expose a number of identical portraits on a single plate) - celebrity cartes created a collective experience of well known figures & relationship between consumers and public figures - Royal Family album reinvented centrality of monarchy in daily life - cartes turned photography into a universal and familiar medium (accessible to all classes and produced small, handleable artifacts) |
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"Borrowing graphic possibilities from the work of geologists, topographers, and other survey specialists, O'Sullivan devised a specialized pectoral rhetoric to persuade viewers that survey was securing practical gains in knowledge and that his medium could take part in this effort. In particular, his photographs conveyed assurances that the survey was translating the West into legible graphic materials" ** survey photography, investigation of new landscapes, Timothy O'Sullivan |
Timothy O'Sullivan's Photographs for the Wheeler Survey Robin Kelsey - photo surveys translated the Western landscape into legible graphic materials for review - O'Sullivan borrowed survey tactics - promoted photography for survey work - photos as promotional material - used photography to secure financial & political support for survey work |
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"A working country is hardly ever a landscape. The very idea of landscape implies separation and observation. It is possible and useful to trace the internal histories of landscape painting, landscape writing, landscape gardening and landscape architecture, but in any final analysis we must relate these histories to the common history of a land and its society" ** landscape photography, similarities to painting, Forest of Fountainbleau |
Framing Landscape Photography Solomon-Godeau - lanscape photography is inspired by classic artistic elements since landscape painting in the Renaissance - fundamental differences between photographs and landscape paintings - Forest of Fountainbleau familiar motif for landscape painting & photography - photography as a medium had an effect on the images created (exposure, depth, scale) |
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"From Talbot's day onward, as the art and craft of photography have grown increasingly sophisticated, photographers have devised a staggering array of techniques by which to alter their images ... Taken together, the pictures created by these means constitute a secret history of photography as a medium of fabricated truth and artful lies" ** photographic manipulation |
Faking It Fineman photographers had an array of techniques to physically alter images - the process of making a photograph includes countless intentional decisions - photographic manipulation greatly served to compensate for technical limitations & make images appear more true to life |
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"Was photography itself a Spiritualist medium, inherently sensitive to the invisible world of spirits? If so, why were spirit photographs remarkable and infrequent? Spiritualists forged a solution, a synthesis of technology and the supernatural that endowed photography with a spiritual dimension and supplied Spiritualism with an apparently scientific form of evidence" ** spirit photography, Spiritualism, photographing the invisible |
Invisible Worlds, Visible Media Gunning - ideology of scientific progress paved way for "magical" possibilities - new technological developments created visual experiences previously regarded as fantasy - photography forged integral interaction with Spiritualism |
