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39 Cards in this Set
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Isenheim Altarpiece (Closed): The Crucifixion and The Lamentation -Matthius Grünewald -for monastery church of the Order of St. Anthony at Issenheim in Alsace, France, which was being used as hospital at the time for ppl afflicted w/ St. Anthony's Fire (hallucinations, skin problems, sores, gangrene, pain) -v large & complex (unfolds several layers) -Emphasis on Christ in pain (facial features, anatomical distortion to hi light this (esp in fingers), similar to sufferers of this disease) -Mary looks ghostly, kinda dead, lil tear on face -reduced color palette. -clothed in ways of modern catholic leaders (white, red = cardinal) & being comforted by religious leader/being comforted by religion. -scene at bottom nvr changes |
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Issenheim Altarpiece (Open): The Annunciation; Madonna and Child with Angels; The Resurrection -Matthius Grünewald -much more color than first, similar to Venicians -architectural looks like surrounding monastery -treatments for sick in each panel: music, light, herbs -resurrection v dramatic (knocking everyone over, body almost transparent, becoming light or filled with light, dissolving into light) -gaping wounds now rubies |
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Self-portrait -Albrecht Dürer -german artist, tortured by religious divide, does by italitan and northern style, sometimes religious work, sometimes work that questions -makes himself Jesus-like, gesture involved in blessing self (ref to blessing and also being an artist)(looking directly @ audience and also hair) -he's saying he's gr8 -blurring boundaries between religious figure/figure of power -Italian + northern style: use of 'colore', blurring edges n haziness, disegno (interest in line), extreme detail (hair, coat, fur collar) |
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The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse -Albrecht Dürer -Woodcut (cut into wood,carve away white spaces, reverses when printed & unforgiving -Fear cuz of contact w/ new world, also 1498 (like Y2k times a billion), this uses fear to sell more (playing on ppls fears) -extreme detail (pushed medium to limit), perspective weird & otherworldly plane |
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Adam & Eve -Albrecht Dürer -engraving (closer to actual drawing, tonal gradiation but not as cheap as woodcut) -back to antiquity -coded imagery (animals w/ meaning, some suspended in precarious moments (cat/mouse, goat/snake) each represented a humor -Adam holding sign w/ artist name |
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The Return of the Hunters -Peter Brugel the Elder -landscape starting! (scenes for the different months) -winter is subject here -scene of peasant life done by a rich guy -almost nostalgic, also use of diagonals, more mundane at bottom, higher being up the diagonal |
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The Calling of St. Matthew -Caravaggio -emphasis on lighting and mood (out of frame) -space more shallow, like a stage -Tenebrism (extreme light and dark) -not interested in ideal forms of antiquity, used ppl off the street as models - interest in immediate world around -biblical scene (theatrical gesture), central figure gesturing as self and light on as well, wealthy merchant -v aware of prev art |
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Judith and her Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes -Artemisia Gentileschi -woman artist!!! got trained thru her father, painted powerful women, rose to prominence cuz of coming past her limitations -scene parallel to David & Goliath, Judith saved her ppl by deceiving general Hollofernes by getting him drunk & beheading him, scene is trying to hide/clean up the murder -sim. lighting technique to Caravaggio (tenebrism, gesture, shallow/theatrical) light source is in painting tho |
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Aerial view of St. Peter's colannade -Gianlorenzo Bernini -architectural representation of Baroque (theatrical, dynamic, dramatic) -orig gon be a 3rd arm in open space, only did 2, circle & embrace viewer into catholicism -geometrically imperfect (oval + trapezoid) |
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The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa -Gianlorenzo Bernini -Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome (not v significant chapel) -multimedia installation, natural light thru hole, gilt wood from there, columns framing this curved as if bein wrenched aprt, figures watching from side like theatre audience -st. teresa as she touched by angel & converted to Christianity -orgasmic facial expression w/ spritual ecstasy -spiritual passion as physical passion, more relatable for viewer -movement, theatricality (robes swirling, big gesture in angel arm) |
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Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew -Jusepe de Ribera -right before skin is gon be flated -harsher, more extreme, v. dramatic movement just b4 death -martyrs important in Spain cuz dying for complete faith -Theatrical, tenebrism (v harsh light in this) -skin is hilighted by source, cuz flaying -unwavering faith, detailed face looking up and praying -falling out of painting into viewers space |
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David -Gianlorenzo Bernini -dramatic moment of throwing the rock -Bernini sculptor first -lots of movement for just a sculpture |
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The Water Carrier of Seville -Diego Velázquez -genre scene (scene of everyday life) -skill in showing texture (pot, water, etc) -thin layers of paint (oil), used minimally, messy on purpose (impressionist-ish) |
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Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor) -Diego Velázquez -"The Greatest Painting of All Time(tm)" -young spanish princess surrounded by attendants -dwarves, best dog of art history -painting about about painting, put himself in the painting (putting himself in the royal court! added red cross later when he git accepted into the court) -mysterious man in doorway, king and queen in mirror (the viewer is king and queen???) -details look amazing from far away, blurry and small and gestural up close |
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Joseph the Carpenter -Georges de la Tour -dis guy likes candles -focus light on boy (who is Christ) (lil unusual to see Christ like this) -tenebrism (but light source in pic) -interest in naturalism (scene of ordinary life but is religious!!!!) -Christ bringing the light into the scene, almost in position of prayer |
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Palace of Versailles
-Louis Le Vau & Jules Hardouin-Mansart -woman architect! nice -statement bout power of monarchy in time where it was bein threatened (outside of Paris, far from attacks & revolt) -interest in classical form -royal family expanded, so did palace -miles of gardens, carefully sculpted near palace and more wild as you go back |
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Hall of Mirrors -Jules Hardouin-Mansart -arches directly face outside arches(doubling of space) -reflection of manicured natural world on outside -space reflective of time of day -lavishly, ornately decorated |
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Interior of the Choir of St. Bravo's Church at Haarlem -Pieter Saenredam -scientific perspective (unusual for baroque) -color v bright, lack of tenebrism or contrast -massive space (ppl at bottom 4 scale) (impossible verticality) -lack of decoration (white-washed over relgious paintings) -religious art was propagandist in north |
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The Night Watch -Rembrant van Rijn -group portrait of militia (even tho time of peace, more like social club at this point) -a moment of action (not staged-looking) (of daily life) -light focus on some more than others (placement + lighting) -glowy lady in back (dun follow light rules of rest of painting) (allegorical symbol for the militia-claw of chicken on belt symbol for them) -gesture out into viewers space (theatrical) |
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The Hundred Guilder Print -Rembrandt van Rijn -expensive print CUZ: -etching and dry point (etching: metal plate scratch on wax n drip in acid)(drypoint:removin wax, carve in etched lines makin raised edges) -method makes it so it dont look the same every time cuz dry point wears down, also kept ink on plate so each had a one-of-a-kind-quality -Jesus preaching to followers also group of Jews in corner in place tolerance, ppl in trouble seeking help from him -jesus got dat light from w/in -tonal gradation |
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Woman Holding a Balance -Jan Vermeer -religious but not immediately apparent (scale=last judgement, dat is in the bg) -image of daily life w/ reference to religion -interest in science & optics -uses camera obscura (box w/ lens, reflects inverse and then a mirror, see world on 2-d plane, helps guide painting) -trademark was window w/ light on left edge of painting |
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Bleaching Grounds Near Haarlem -Jacob van Ruisdael -church in bg is same as before -landscape painting, farmlands in front (land v important, reclaim from ocean, just started farmin here) -baroque lighting for sure (dramatic sky and clouds) -2/3 is sky, drama of clouds, power of weather, less emphasis on clouds |
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Tomb of the Metalli -Giovanni Battista Piranesi -plate XV from Antichita Romane III -etching -turning to Rome & Greece for inspo -faith & confidence in human ability, uncovering ancient ruins from Rome -drama and sadness, looks like it could toppel over at any time, covered in trees and growth |
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Cupid and Psyche -Antonio Canova -return to classicism, perfection in the human body, mythology of classic world -cupid falling in love with psyche -using classic models as basis for his own inventiveness -neoclassicism, smooth, fluid, soft, fewer hard edges -less dramatic emphasis on movement |
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The Oath of the Horatii -Jacques-Louis David -France -most iconic of neo-classicism -dramatic story of ancient world, horatii brothers taking oath to father that they will fight. emotional women overcome with greif cuz marriages between bros and women and enemies -work that teaches moral lessons, in France u fite 4 everything -columns in bg classical and symmetry w/ them -interest in dramatic baroque light -The Academy (where u lern 2 art) -History Painting (The Best)(meant to teach) |
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The Death of Marat -Jacques-Louis David -dramatic history moment, revolutionary guy (maybe a lil progandist how it's protrayed) who died in bathtub (he had skin condition) bein stabbed -clearsup this guys darker qualities. not immediately apparent he is dead, subdued -dramatic scene very calm |
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Cornelia Presenting her Children as Treasures -Angelica Kauffman -History painting (by a LADY) -ancient world, underlying moral lesson bout children -one lady presents jewels, cornelia presents her childrenn "how u be da best woman" -can only tell stories about women cuz only allowed to learn how to draw women |
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The Death of General Wolfe -Benjamin West -Recent Historical moment (1770) (in the colonies) -in midst of chaos and war, everyone looks at the dying general -more honoring than mourning, belief in importance for sacrificing for your country (a martyr) -using nature to heighten drama |
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The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters -Francisco Goya -from "Los Capriches" series of prints -not made for fame & fortune, lost money from this -etching and aquatint (sprinkles resin on surface) & drypoint -rise of interest in originality -Goya suffered from going deaf, as well as pain & despair generally for this time -human figure accurate, but animals are disfigured -"reason" is asleep, producing monsters (when reason fails (progress), or rationality) |
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The Third of May, 1808 -Francisco Goya -History Painting (group of rebels revolting against oppressive gov. murdered by firing squad) -darkness/helplessness of the world -faces are blurry, brush sort of attacked canvas -childlike, scared, not heroic, cowering -dramatic lighting, esp on fig in the middle -white shirt = innocence -eyes big and open, emoting fear, pose reminiscent of crucifixion (mark in palm of hand)(died for ppl's pain) -erased distance from firing squad to victims (hi lighting helplessness) |
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The Raft of the Medusa -Theodore Gerieavlt -France -tight brushwork -tragic shipwreck, captain reserved all lifeboats for wealthy and left 200+ ppl to this one raft, many died -guy waving flag so they can be saved, almost pyramid shape of who is alive most and who is most dead at bottom -painting is HUGE (eye level is ppl at bottom going into water) -borrowing from art of past (hunched over fig) -did studies for this in the morgue, very gruesome |
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The Slave Ship (Slaves Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying - Typhoon Coming On) -Joseph Mallard William Turner -British painter -v colorful, figures dissolving into light -ship is only distinct figure, tho some birds and a body -recent political scandal, cpt throwing ppl over 2 collect insurance $ -"the sun is god" artist dying words |
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The Grand Odalisque -Jean-Auguste-Dominque -blurs boundaries between romantic vs neoclassical -romanticism cuz subject matter is exotic woman (orientialism) -spine is v long, anatomy is wonky -east as culture that is passive, uncivilized, exotic |
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Burial at Ornans -Gustave Courbet -interest in realism (dark gritty reality) and ordinary (regular human life) -controversial piece (crucifixion and yet no one seems to care) -sacred themes in a normal way, no celebration of religion "the original hipster" -pushing boundary of art (burial is going into viewer's space) -men religious in more detail, women more blurry, but no visual hierarchy among them all on same plane (intermingling classes) -showing flaws in people (wrinkled, big nose, flushed skin) -matter of fact image of death, not dramatic |
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Le Dejeiner sur I'Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) -Eduard Maret -realsim -closely related to writers of the period (flatness, ordinariness) -controversial, modesty important but nudes!!! and she's looking!!! sassy! -callback to that other painting, but these ladies not Muses so no excuse to be nude! (they are prostitutes)(referring to art of the past to break the rules) -Salon des refusés: place to gather and display works that were rejected from the regular Salon, un-academic |
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Snap the Whip -Winslow Homer -individual grass, flowers, leaves (deep detail) (positivism: observable facts) -joyful & free, boys playing game of same name (which is violent and forceful) -perhaps symbolic of civil war in this way -also made a print version for newspapers and sometimes changed composition for print |
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Max Schmitt in a Single Scull -Thomas Eakins -realism -interest for this guy to paint athletes + rising interest in painting celebrities -Artist in back rowing towards him (they were buddies) -put imagery familiar to those of the area (Philadelphia) -physical prowess as idea of masculinity -brushwork more blurry esp in tree and water reflections |
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On the Bank of the Seine, Bennecourt -Claude Monet -impressionism -largely rejected at first, impressionism was a derogatory term -interest in positivism (observable world) esp in capturing light and optics -japonisme (influence from japanese art emerging, flatness in image) -capturing light in a single moment -en plein air (painting outdoors cuz tubes of paint now) -can v much see his brush strokes |
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Impression: Sunrise -Claude Monet -v quick -japonisme here too (blending of bg and sky/horizon to create flatness) -hazy, blended gradation of colors to make almost monochromatic |
