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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
5 types of arguments
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Inductive, deductive, argument from sign, argument from analogy, argument from cause
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Inductive arguments
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Work from a series of individual cases to conclusion
*1.socrates was Greek 2. Most Greeks eat fish 3. Therefore Socrates probably eats fish |
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Deductive arguments
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Follows an opposite sequence from that of an inductive argument.. General to specific
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Argument from sign
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You observe characteristics features or symptoms and then argue that the feature or symptom state or affairs
ALWAYS LEAD TO CONCLUSION *there are many clouds in the sky, and lighting, the weatherman forecasts storms for today.. IT'S GOING TO RAIN |
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Argument from cause
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Assumption that something will happen because of an earlier event
Cause to effect Effect to cause *if you don't do your homework u will be homeless* |
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Argument from analogy
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Comparing a known and understood set of facts to less known ones and then arguing that they are similar
*people who have the same interests as you by an iPhone, so you believe that you will like an iphone* |
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3 categories of artistic proofs
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Ethos, pathos, and logos
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Ethos
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Reputation, appearance, credibility.
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Pathos and 4 categories
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Emotional appeals
1. Fear 2. Pity of concern 3. Courage 4. Pride |
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Logos
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Rational side of human thinking (syllogisms and enthymemes)
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Enthymemes
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Based on probability
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Syllogisms
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Certain
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Evidence types
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( the basic material of an argument, the data used to back it up)
Testimony, definition & explanation, statistics, examples |
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Testimony
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Lay, personal, expert
*lay-man on the street* |
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Definition / explanation
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Avoid dictionary definitions
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Statistics
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Shorthand method of summarizing a large number of cases
DO NOT OVERLOAD WITH STATISTICS |
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Examples
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Real, hypothetical
Help illustrate the idea you are discussing |