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213 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Best diagram for showing relationships just prior to space planning |
Bubble Diagram
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Diagram indicated by arrows
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Flow Diagram
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Sequence of events that must happen as scheduled in order for a project to be completed on time
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Critical Path
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Represents the range of time during which noncritical activies may start or end with out affecting the overall schedule ; does not influence the critical path time interval
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Float
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Raw data for analysis to develop a facilities program considers scope, area requirements, adjacencies, costs, site analysis
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Functional Program
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A buttressing or supporting structure
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abutment
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A branch of physics that deals with sound. In architecural application, the sound qualities of a room or space.
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acoustics
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in an ancient greek city a citadel usually on a high plane
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acropolis
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A sun dried brick of earth, used in the American Southwest
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adobe
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The branch of philosophy that deals with the quality aspects and perception of beauty
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aesthetics
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The rights to the use or control of space above a property such as highways, railroad tracks, or buildings
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Air Rights
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Reflectivity measured as athe realitive permeability of a surface to radiant energy flowing in either direction
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albedo
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horizontal or vertical deviation from the straight or level centerline of the road
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alignment
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an arena encircled by tiers of seats
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amphitheater
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an electromagnetic device that indicates the activation of certain circuits a device to signal the existence or location of a fire in a building
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annunciator
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the eastern or alter end of a church usually semi circular in plan
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apse
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masonry having a face of square or rectangular stones
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ashlar
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a glazed decorative tile with the color blue most prominent
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azulejo
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earth or other fill material placed between an outside foundation wall and the excavation
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backfill
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a partial obstruction against flow, in a duct or pipe
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Baffle
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the proportioning of components by offsetting or contrasting so as to produce an aesthetic equilibrium in the whole
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balance
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a style of european architecture developed in the late Renaissance in reaction to classical forms, containing elaborate curves, scrolls, and ornament
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Baroque
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East west lines from which townships are established on government surveys they run perpendicular to meridian lines
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Base Lines
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A part usually half of broken brick also a unit of flat insulation
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Bat
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A cleat like member placed across a series of boards to tie them together also a narrow strip covering the joint between two vertical boards
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batten
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A relatively permanent surveyors mark of a known location and elevation
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Bench Mark
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A bank of earth often piled up against a wall
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Berm
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describing cement, mastic or roofing material, which contains asphalt as a principal ingredient
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Bituminous
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An area, usually urban that has deteriorated in quality and value, and which functions well below in economic and social potential
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Blighted area
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a division of urban land normally private property that is surrounded by public streets and which is officially established and recorded
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Block
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Drilling into the earth earth to obtain soil samples in order to determine soil bearing capacity
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Boring
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A stone guard to prevent damage to a wall, also a free standing stone or metal post to divert vehicular traffic
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Bollard
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A sun break an architectural shading device for blocking unwanted sun rays
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Brise soleil
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British Thermal Unit, the amount of heat required to raise the temp of one pound of water 1 degree F
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BTU
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A defined limit within a property line beyone with a structure may not protrude
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building line
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an air chamber withut a bottom, used in excavation through water or mud
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caisson
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a bell tower
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campanile
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to set a slant from the horizontal or vertical
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cant
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a small room or a library
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carrel
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a sieve like device at the entrance to a storm sewer to trap matter that could block up a street
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catch basin
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a geographical area from which the participants in an activity are drawn, such as the customers of a shopping center, or the employees of a manufacturing plant
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catchment
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to fill a joint with mastic usually done with a pressure gun
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caulk
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the inner enclosed room of an ancient temple
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cella
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the separation of traffic lanes by use of islands or dividers
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channelization
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a valve in a pipe that permits water to flow only in one direction
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check valve
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the flow or movement of people goods vehicles, etc from place to place
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circulation
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the prevailing or average weather conditioning of a place as determined over a number of years
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climate
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a brick that has been overburned by being near a the fire in a kiln
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clinker
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a type of grade separated interchange used in highway design named for its shape
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cloverleaf
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a street to which minor streets connect and that itself leads to a major arterial
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collector street
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a method of residential siting in which a series of housing units are grouped to form a common interior spaces as well as a unified peripheral space
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cluster
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the sensation resulting from stimulation of the retina of the eye by light waves of certain lenghts the property of reflecting light of a particular wavelength
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color
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hollow and curved inward
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concave
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the speed with which energy normally heat energy passes through a given material after penetrating its surface
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conductivity
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pertaining to cone bearing trees and shrubs, mostly evergreens such as pine spruce fir cedar
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coniferous
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a pattern of land use in which random clusters of develpoment are connected to each other
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constellation pattern
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a procedure in which an owner contracts with a construction manager who is generally responsible for control of a projects time, cost , and quality
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construction manager
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an amount included in a construction budget normally5 to 10 percent to provide for unforseen or unpredictable cost
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contigency allowance
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the distrubution of energy normally heat by fluid movement of air or water
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convection
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a deed restriction that regulates land use construction materials appearance and aesthetic qualities of an area
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covenant
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to develop minute surface crackss in stucco concrete or glaze
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craze
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a system of planning and scheduling construction operations that analyses sequences and durations of time using network diagrams and identifies construciton tasks that have great impact on schedule
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Critical Path Method (CPM)
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a short road with no outlet serving only those buildings or properties that front on it
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cul de sac
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a length of pipe running under a road or other barrier used to drain or carry water
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culvert
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a raised margin running along the edge of a street pavement usually of concrete
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curb
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earth that is removed and earth that is added in grading
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cut and fill
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a platform raised above the floor level
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dais
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a horizontal plane elevation used as a reference for other elevations in surveying and mapping
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datum
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shedding leaves annually as contrasted with evergreen, maple, oak, birch
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deciduous
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a written instrument that is used to transfer property title from one party to another
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deed
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a measure of the number of people families, etc that occupy a specified area
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density
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the arrangement of parts details form color so as to produce a complete entity
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design
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the temperature at which air becomes saturated with moisture and condensation
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dew point
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two sheets of glass with an air space between to insulate against the passage of heat or sound
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double glaze
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the system by which excess water and wastes are controlled collected transported and disposed
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drainage
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clay pipe usually with open joints to convey water away from a footing or to disperse fluid in a septic tank field
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drain tile
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a pit usually filled with course stone into which water is conducted for leaching out nto surrounding soil
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dry well
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a dome hence often a cathedral
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duomo
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an independent living area that includes its own private cooking and bath facilities
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dwelling unit
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the modification involved in altering existing topography
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eathwork
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a legal right that an individual or the public may have to use or have access to a portion of another persons land
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easement
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sensation produced by the combined effects of absolute termperature, relative humidity, and air movement
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effective temperature
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the height above a known point of reference often taken as the height above sea level
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elevation
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the right of a public agency to expropriate private property for public use
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eminent domain
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the slight convexty of a column used to give an impression of vertical strength
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entasis
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the gradual wearing way or disintegration of land caused by running water over its surface wind etc
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erosion
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a prelimary sketch or plan
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esquisse
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the digging or removal of earth or soil as for a foundation
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excavation
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a semi circular open area with or without a roof providing a continuous seat
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exedra
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the exterior face of a building, usually a front
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facade
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enameled clay prducts
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faience
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federal housing administration founded in 1934 to provide mortgage insurance
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FHA
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a construction teqcnique in wihc construction on each phase of a prjectis begun when its design is completed without waiting for overall project design completion
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Fast Track
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brick composed of clay not containing any fusible material wich can resist high temperature
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fire brick
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a wall resistant to teh spread of fire
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fire wall
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the ratio between the gross floor area of a building and its site area
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floor area ratio
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federal national mortgage association, whose function is to stabilize the housing market by purchasing mortgages or provoding mortgage money directly
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FNMA
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the shape outline or configuration of a structure or the parts of a structure or the parts of a structure that gives it its distintive appearance
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form
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a horizontal band on a vertical surface located beneath a cornice sometimes decorated with relief sculpture
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frieze
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a high speed multiple lane high way designed to move traffice smoothly and witout interruption
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freeway
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the limit of penetration of soil by frost
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frost line
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attaching wood or metal strips to a rough wall to provide a flat plane for the finishor to provide an air space
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furring
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a belvedere or viewing place
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gazebo
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a specific residential area in which people of a particular ethnic identity are concentrated
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ghetto
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extreme contrast between light and dark in the visual field which can cause discomfort
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contrast
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the degree of rise or descent of a sloping surface, also the act of altering or finishing existing topography
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Grade
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concrete used for paving whch uses crushed granite as the course aggregate
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granolith
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a belt like area around a a city reserved for park land farmsopen space
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greenbelt
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a pattern of land division for development as well as circulation so named for its shapte
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grid pattern
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an amount established in an agreement between an owner and a contractor as the maximum cost of performing specified work
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guaranteed maximum cost
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agreement of proportionate arrangement of parts in size, color, form
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harmony
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the amount or degree of moisture in an area expressed as a percentage a determining element of weather
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humidity
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the cap of a peir or pilaster that supports the spring of an arch
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impost
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an entrance
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ingress
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an access and egress point on a freeway that permits traffic to enter exit or change direction
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interchange
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a situation generally the reverse of normal in which cold air is close to the ground and a layer of warm air is above it
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inversion
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the elevation of the lowest inside surface of a pipe or sewer
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invert elevation
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a window or door blind made of movable horizontal slats
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jalousie
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the wedge shaped top member of an arch
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keystone
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a small pavilion usually in a public space
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kiosk
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a legal claim on a property as security for money owed
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lien
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a pattern of land use that develops along a line such as a highway or river
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linear pattern
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a structural member placed over an opening and supporting construction above
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lintel
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one of several horizontal slats slanted to exclude rain but allow the passage of air
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louver
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paving using crushed stone
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macadam
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the general climate over a large geographic area
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macroclimate
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a hole through wihc a person can enter a sewer pipe conduit in order to inspect, repair or service a utility
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manhole
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a stone of great size
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megalith
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a term referring to a group of large cities or metropoitan areas that merge
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megalopolis
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a description of property boundaries expressed by directions (bearings) and distances
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metes and bounds
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a repetitive dimension used in architectural design and planning
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module
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the vertical division member between windows and doors
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mullion
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an inner chamber of a classical temple
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naos
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the entrance vestibule of a church
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narthex
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the main longitudinal portion of a church interior
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nave
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a commenorative shaft square in section with a small pyramid on top
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obelisk
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the abbreviation for on center used in dimensioning
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O.C. (on center)
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the positioning of an object in relation to certain directions the sense of direction as disclosed by an object in a paricular position
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orientation
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in far eastern architecture a tower like structure
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pagoda
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a building planned so tht a person at the center can observe converging corridors
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panopticon
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a level and patterned garden
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parterre
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the general scheme of a design
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parti
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a wall built astride a property line
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party wall
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the triangular face of a gable roof
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pediment
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a system of sizing and division to establish harmonious relationships between component elements
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proportion
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a slope or incline as on a roof
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rake
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the reoccurrence of design elements in space
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rhythm
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a path of circulation conveying persons vehicles services
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right of way
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the fraction of total rainfall that is not absorbed in the ground and hence runs off, it must be collected in a system of surface and subsurface drains
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runoff coefficient
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the relative measurement of an object with reference to the dimensions of the human scale
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scale
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a legally defined distance from teh property line into which a structure may not project
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setback
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the amount of deviation from the horizontal or vertical
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slope
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zoning of a parcel of land that is different from that of the surrounding area
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spot zoning
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a very large area of land in which all through traffic is eliminated but may be penetrated by cul de sacs or minor loop roads
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superblock
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a mirror image arrangement of elements on either side of a divideing line or plane
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symmetry
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the configuration of the surface features of an area of ground
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topography
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a road that crosses under another road
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underpass
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a process of public intervention in the development of an existing urban area in which the public acquires ownership of property and anministers its resale and development to mainly private owners
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urban renewal
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a bridge across a valley
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viaduct
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an entrance or exit passage in a large amphitheater
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vomitorium
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the level below ground at which water is found flowing
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water table
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structures or plants that because of their form and location reduce wind velocities
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windbreak
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an area of land not built upon whch may be used for exterior activities
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yard
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the legal means wheraby land uses is regulated and controlled fo rthe welfare of the community
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zoning
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the endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve, and protect, building, objects, or landscape or other artifacts with historic significance
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preservation
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emphasis the retention and repair of historic materials but gives some latitude for replacement of damaged materials
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rehabilitiation
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act of process of accurately depicting the forms, features, & character of a property as it appears at a particular period of time, by means of removing other features frm other periods and reconstruction of missing features from a restoration period
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restoration
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returning a damaged building to a known earlier state by the introduction of new materials
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reconstruction
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1 mile square parcel of land containing 640 acres
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section
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area of 24 mile on a side bounded by parallels & meridians
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check
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6 miles on a side
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township
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.5 mile on a side
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quarter section
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43560 sqft
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1 acre
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a parallel used as a primary starting point fo rthe east-west layout of the US survey system
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baseline
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a meridian between the principal meridians
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guide meridian
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verbal description of land that begins at a known point & describes the bearing length of each side of the property in turn until the point of the begining is reached
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metes & bounds
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east-west lines that follow latitude of the earth
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parallels
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a meridian that serves as the basis the north-south grid layout
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principal meridian
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parallels between baselines in the US survey system
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standard parallels
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the distance a building occupant must travel from teh most remote point in the occupied portion of the exit access to the entrance of the nearest exit
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exit access travel distance
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portion of an exit access that the occupants are required to traverse before two separate & distinct paths of egress travel to two exits are available
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common path of egress travel
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minimum distance by which two exits may be separated when two exits are required
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exit separation distance
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encourage developers to provide amenities for public use in exchange for the opportunity to build a larger or taller structure on a site- includes base floor area ratio &
bonus ratio |
incentive zoning
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what is the minimum width of an accessible parking space
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96 inches
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expresses the relationship between the square footage of the building and the area of the site on which it is constructed
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floor area ratio
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a set of rules enacted by local governing body or by a board that the governing body has designated -it set of rules regulates teh types of buildings and development that are permitted in certain areas of jurasdisction
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zoning ordinance
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international building code specifically states that exits cannot pass through
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kitchens
storerooms closets or other rooms with similar purpose that can be locked or prevent egress |
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what is the most restrictive fire zoning
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Fire zone 1
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when do exit doors must swing in the direction of travel
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when the occupant load is greater than 50
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a method cities use to issue bonds to pay for improvements (new sewer, streets) within a specified district that are intended to stimulate private development within the district
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tax increment financing
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when do exit doors must swing in the direction of travel
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when the occupant load is greater than 50
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typically used to fund a specific project (library or firestation) They are NOT used to encourage private development although later private devlpmnt could be a consequence of the new public facility being constructed. Because all taxpayers in the area issueing the general bonds must pay off the bonds through a property tax, a voter majority is required
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General Obligations Bonds
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a method cities use to issue bonds to pay for improvements (new sewer, streets) within a specified district that are intended to stimulate private development within the district
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tax increment financing
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generally used to fund infrasture improvemtns made necessary by new development, Although these fees are a common method of raising money they can have a negative effect as developers look for areas to build in whihc impact fees are not charged
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Developer impact fee
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typically used to fund a specific project (library or firestation) They are NOT used to encourage private development although later private devlpmnt could be a consequence of the new public facility being constructed. Because all taxpayers in the area issueing the general bonds must pay off the bonds through a property tax, a voter majority is required
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General Obligations Bonds
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are used to fund public space improvement such as streetscapes to enhance the areas appeal and indirectly its property values. Taxes are assessed on those property owners in the district who would benefot fromt eh improvemnts - encourages private development
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Business Improvement District
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generally used to fund infrasture improvemtns made necessary by new development, Although these fees are a common method of raising money they can have a negative effect as developers look for areas to build in whihc impact fees are not charged
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Developer impact fee
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are used to fund public space improvement such as streetscapes to enhance the areas appeal and indirectly its property values. Taxes are assessed on those property owners in the district who would benefot fromt eh improvemnts - encourages private development
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Business Improvement District
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a tax based on the value of a property being taxed
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ad valorem tax
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includes the salaries of the people working on a job and their required benefits plus overhead & profit- increase odds of getting paid for services performed
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multipleof direct personnel expense
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good method of payment for repetitive types of projects
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square footage
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used by firms to determine the amount of time spent on billable work as a percentage of total timefor which an employee is compensated
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utilization ratio
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AIA Document
owner/general contractor |
A-series
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AIA Document
owner/architect |
B- series
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AIA Document
architect/consultant (includes joint ventures) |
C- series
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AIA Document
industry standards |
D-series
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AIA Document
contract & office administration forms (bid forms, change orders, construction change directive) |
G-series
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a legal technique whereby an insurer steps into the shoes of a party to whom it made payments
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subrogation
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a common tool among developers and is used for the purchase of land that a developer intends to subdivide and resell- generally includes a clause that releases each subdivided plot from the loan as it is purchased and a portion of the debt is repaid
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blanket loan
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a short term loan used to close quickly on a property to finance a project that must begin immediately while waiting for another lender to approve a long term loan,
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bridge loan
hard money loan is similar |
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often used by developers, large loans with a variable interest rate that increases substaintially near the time that the repayment is due- gamble that the property will produce enough revenue to repay the loan when the interest rates escalate
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mezzanine loan
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fixed or adjustable interest rate, secured by teh property purchased
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conventional mortgage
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the most impact on labor cost
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requirement to use labor unions
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