Architecture And Society Test 2

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Back 1

Monte Alban
Oaxaca, Mexico
3rd-7th century

LAND, PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS

*spiritual at top>>domestic at mid>>economic at bottom

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Back 2

Acoma, New Mexico
12-17 century

LAND, PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS

*materials (mud plaster) reflected climate
*slept on top of houses

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Back 3

Mont St. Michael
France
12-16 century

LAND, PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS

*roots are physical consideration b/c coastal plain juts out and is considered holy

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Back 4

Falling Water
Bear Run, Pennsylvania
Frank Lloyd Wright
1936

LAND, PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS

*erase difference from inside and outside
*all about responding and existing within nature

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Back 5

Sea Ranch Condominiums
Sea Ranch, California
Moore/Lyndon/Tumbell/Whitaker
1965

LAND, PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS

*harsh winds dictate shape and orientation to shelter
*concentrated only on small portion of the land

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Back 6

Taliesin West
Scottsdale, Arizona
Frank Lloyd Wright
1938-1969
LAND, PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS

*based on natural element (dug outs plus tents)
*thermal regulations of the desert taken into acct.

Front 7

5 things to worry about in modern buildings

Back 7

1. consume lots of ENERGY intrinsically
2. consume lots of RESOURCES (aluminum, steel)
3. consume lots of LAND and space (sprawling)
4. produce lots of WASTE (sheetrock excess)
5. use lots of TOXIC materials (ceiling tiles "off gas")

*must understand how to make RESPONSIBLE BUILDINGS

Front 8

5 types of planning

Back 8

1. TRANSPORTATION (how we move)
2. INFRASTRUCTURE (largely invisible, most important)
3. LAND USE (where things go relationally)
4. ECONOMIC (how to generate industries)
5. ENVIRONMENTAL (pollution, run-off etc)

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Back 9

The Woodlands, Texas
Ian McHarg, city planner
1970
GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, and ECOLOGY

*founders to make ecological community so did 4 things to combat the geography (flooding):
1. left lowest areas as reserve for recreation
2. dredged out and made detention ponds
3. reintroduced ground swells (ditches) behind houses
4. minimized impervious cover (smaller streets, decks etc.)

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Sea Ranch, California
Laurence Halprin, planner
1965
GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, and ECOLOGY

*development to occur "nested" against windbreaks so created cluster so as not to obliterate the beauty of nature
*pools in trench of bunkers to block wind but direct sunlight

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Back 11

Hill Towns in Tuscany, Italy
GEOGRAPHY, TOPOGRAPHY, and ECOLOGY

*city is compact to maximize farm land down low
*work with topography to blend line of man and nature

Front 12

4 different loads

Back 12

1. TENSION (tent)
2. COMPRESSION ("baring structures"
3. BENDING (combo of T + C, "frame structures")
4. SHIFT/SHEER ("earthquake")

Front 13

different strengths for common materials
(wood, steel, brick, and reinforced concrete)

Back 13

wood: tension and compression >> bending
steel: tension and compression >> bending
brick: compression so baring structures
reinforced concrete: steel for tension and concrete for compression

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Back 14

Pont du Gard
Nimes, France
14 A.D.
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

*used arch to bare weight
*thickest base on the bottom

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Back 15

Colosseum
Rome
80 A.D.
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

*all masonry in compression, used concrete
*perfect weight distribution with arches and vaults while still remaining beautiful

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Back 16

Pantheon
Rome
120-124 A.D.
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

*arch>vault>DOME with zero load at oculus
*combo of brick, stone, and concrete to distribute weight and create space by moving outwards

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Back 17

Hagia Sophia
Constantinople, Turkey
532-537 A.D.
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

*domes joining semi-domes to create space and still bare weight
*most advanced technology of its time, now a mosque

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Back 18

Ames Gate Lodge
North Easton, Massachusetts
H.H. Richardson
1880
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

*"keystone element" emphasized to show how weight is distributed
*shows structural compatibility of stone and brick

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Back 19

Town Hall
North Easton, Massachusetts
H.H. Richardson
1884
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

*celebrated arch as a load transfer element while still maintaining its character

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Back 20

Maison Jaoul
Neuilly, France
LeCorbusier
1952-1956
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

*material had huge influence on design (thick masonry walls) and used SEGMENTED ARCH to thrust wall out while uses steel as a girdle

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Back 21

Morse and Stiles Hall at Yale
New Haven, Connecticut
Eero Saarinem
1958
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

solid masonry with minimal space between creating texture and **showing how it was built**

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Back 22

Strimling House
Weston, Massachusetts
Maurice Smith
1968
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

*all reflects the frame of the house through the wood to show the "bending load"

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Back 23

Lake Shore Drive Apartments
Chicago
Mies Van Der Rohe
1948-1951
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

*flexibility and openness within and among the rooms
*expression on outside showcased the frame through the steel and reinforcing plates

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Back 24

John Deere Headquarters
Moline, Illinois
Eero Saarinem
1957-1963
STRUCTURE and MATERIALS

*all parts and pieces on display
*focus on connection with nature shown through the openness and materials used
*overall delicate and airy

Front 25

3 responses to sun orientation

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1. MASSING (long faces N/S, short faces E/W)
2. FENESTRATION (windows face S, then N, then E/W)
3. SOLAR SHADING (horizontal sun shading)

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Back 26

Cameron Offices
Belconnen, Australia
John Andrews
1972

Response to CLIMATE
*long thin buildings, fenestration on the S, horizontal shading

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Back 27

Tenneco Building
Houston
S.O.M.
1963
*response to CLIMATE for less energy consumption

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Back 28

Secretariat Building
Chandigarh, India
LeCorbusier
1958
RESPONSE to CLIMATE

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Back 29

Palace of Justice
Chandigarh, India
LeCorbusier
1958
RESPONSE to CLIMATE

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Back 30

Assembly Building
Chandigarh, India
LeCorbusier
1958
RESPONSE to CLIMATE

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Back 31

Cathedral
Amiens, France
1220-1406

CONSTRUCTION and TECTONICS

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S. Maria della Fiore
Florence, Italy
Arnolfo di Cambio and Filippo Brunelleschi
1296-1462

CONSTRUCTION and TECTONICS
*double dome

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Back 33

Sydney Opera House
Jorn Utzon
1957-73

CONSTRUCTION and TECTONICS

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Back 34

Dominus Winery
Napa Valley, California
Herzog and de Meuron
1998

SYNTHESIS of PHYS CONSIDERATION

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Back 35

Simpson-Lee House
Mount Wilson, Australia
Glenn Murcutt
1994

SYNTH of PHYS CON

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Back 36

Swim Club
Sea Ranch, CA
MLTW

SYNTH of PHYS CON