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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The ____ era (23 million to 5 million years ago) saw an explosion in the number of hominoid species
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Miocene
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Evidence that the genus ___ walked upright is found in a trail of footprints left in volcanic ash at the site of Laetoli in Tanzania
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Australopithecus
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The ___ of a ca. 47.5 million year old recently found fossil primate, which resembled a lemur, suggests it could be a missing link in human evolution
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Opposable thumbs
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Recent analysis of Australopithecus ___, a new species studied by TAMU anthropologist D DeRuiter and others, suggest they may be an intermediate form leading to the genus Homo.
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Sediba
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The archaeological sites of Chesowanja and Zhoukoudian both contain
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Tentative/controversial evidence of fire use
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Skeletal remains from the sites of Ubeidya (Israel) and Dmansi (Georgia in the middle east) are widely attributed to
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Homo erectus
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Atapeurca, Spain is a site with hominin and other animal remains and stone told dated to about ___ years ago
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800,000
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Over ___ years ago, prehistoric chimpanzees were using stone tools to smash nuts in the west African rainforest, a new study suggests
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4,000
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Neanderthals lived about ____ years ago.
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175,000-30,000
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Modern humans had evolved by about ____ years ago.
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160,000
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Homo floresiensis is an extinct species from ___.
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Southeast Asia
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In Africa, the Acheulian industries were replaced between 300,000 and 200,000 years ago by ___ industries.
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Middle Stone Age
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Which of the following is NOT among the Upper Paleolithic stone tool industries in Europe?
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Perigordian
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As per current understanding, modern humans were established in Australia by about ___ years ago.
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55,000
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The general trend through time to expend more energy per unit area to feed more people is known as ___.
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Land-use intensification
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According to Binford, the temporal order of intensification of primary foods was a follows:
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Big game, small game, aquatic foods, wild plants, domestic plants and animals
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The important site in South America (Chile) known as Monte Verde _____________.
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Argues against the Clovis-first model
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Mound building at the Watson Brake site in Louisiana began about _____ years ago, based on radiocarbon and luminescence dating.
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5,400-5,000
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There is evidence-remains of earth ovens with charred root foods- for pre-agricultural revolutions in Tx and other parts of western North American by ___ BP,
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9,000-6,000
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While there is little direct evidence for cooking fires at Clovis sites in NA, inferential evidence has been presented for such at the well known ___ site in Tx.
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Gault
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The Fertile Crescent is a ______.
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Mediterranean climate that arcs across the Middle East
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Exploitation of a wide range of plant and animals by hunter-gatherer societies is referred to as ______.
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Broad spectrum adaptation
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The terminal-Pleistocene state of affairs, at ____ BP, included people living most everywhere on earth, populations high relative to available food resources and existing technology, and continuing rapid growth/packing.
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14,000-10,000
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In the Pacific NW, “quasi” agriculture in natural camas meadows, as documented ethnographically, included______.
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Weeding/tilling and burning/demarcating
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How was the emmer wheat rachis significant to plant domestication
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As a tough seed axis to hold seeds in place
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The _____ site is the earliest known large-scale architectural feature in the Middle East, ca 12,000-10,800 years ago
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Jericho tower
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Recent research suggests that domestic dogs and bottle gourds were widespread in the Americas by _____ years ago, well before domestication of grains and animals for food.
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10,000
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Evidence, including from studies by TAMU archaeologists, indicates that ______ can be recovered from fire cracked rocks in ancient earth ovens, just as they have been recovered from stone tools.
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Plant food microfossils
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______, a ca 11,000 year old site in Turkey, is one of the world’s earliest ceremonial centers with monumental architecture.
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Gobekli Tepe
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According to your text, ____ is a wild grass found in the highlands of Mexico that is this wild ancestor of corn (i.e., maize).
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teosinte
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The model of human behavior that assumes that choices people make reflect rational self-interest to maximize efficiency in collecting and processing resources is called _____ theory.
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Optimal foraging
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The Richard Beene site, south of San Antonio, Tx, yielded evidence for____.
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Hunting and Gathering
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Pre- Colombian Agriculture was widely practiced in Tx with the exceptions of the BC/S Area (post-oak savannah), coastal regions (parries and marshes), and which of the following areas?
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South Texas, brush lands
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A ca. 8,500 year old dung layer in the back of Uan Afuda, a human occupied cave in the Sahara desert, is attributed to penning/keeping wild Barbary _______.
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sheep
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The Cotton Preceramic period began about 5,700 years ago when sites with monumental architecture flourished on the coast of _____.
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Peru
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Small villages of _____ existed across northern Africa during the period of increased rainfall in the Sahara, some 9,000-6,000 years ago.
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Hunter-gatherers
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Rice was independently domesticated in _____ and _____.
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West Africa and China
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