Arch217 Lecture 03: The Emergence Of Greece

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Citadel at Hattusha. Turkey -- The Hittites. The Hittite capital was Hattusha (alsoHattusa and Hattusas). Hattusha and othermajor Hittite cities had highly developedinfrastructure and walls, creating apowerful image.

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Lion Gate at Hattusas. Turkey -- The Hittites. Cyclopean masonry with apotropaic figures.

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Lion Gate at Hattusas. Turkey -- The Hittites. Cyclopean masonry with apotropaic figures.

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Citadel at Hattusas. Turkey -- The Hittites. Within Hattusas, the planning of elements was related to the contours of the site rather than toan overall geometric order.

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Yazilikaya. Near Hattusas. Turkey -- The Hittites. An open-air sanctuary among an outcrop of rocks, probably the site of a fresh-water spring.

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Yazilikaya. Near Hattusas. Turkey -- The Hittites.

These twelve deities, the best preserved of thecarvings, are at the far left of the composition.In total, the composition shows 63 gods that mayrepresent the larger number of gods in the Hittitepantheon. Some of the deities were originallyMesopotamian, such as the goddess Ishtar (38).

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Cycladic figure and Minoan goddess -- Minoan. One of the precursors to the Bronze Age Minoan civilization on Crete was the Cycladiccivilization of the Aegean. This culture is known in part for its distinctive female figurines.

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Palace at Knossos. Crete -- Minoan Culture. The Palace at Knossos, sometimes called the Palace of Minos, was the largestand longest-lived of the Minoan palaces. It has been associated with the laterGreek myths of Theseus and the Minotaur.

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Palace at Knossos. Crete -- Minoan Culture. The Palace at Knossos, sometimes called the Palace of Minos, was the largest and longest-lived of the Minoan palaces. It has been associated with the later Greek myths of Theseus and the Minotaur.

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Palace at Knossos. Crete -- Minoan Culture. View from Southwest towards South Propylaeum.

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Central Court. Palace at Knossos. Crete. -- Minoan Culture. Each side of the court had a different façade thatexpressed the different functions behind.

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Central Court. Palace at Knossos. Crete. -- Minoan Culture. Each side of the court had a different façade that expressed the different functions behind.

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Central Court. Palace at Knossos. Crete. -- Minoan Culture. Each side of the court had a different façade that expressed the different functions behind.

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Grand Staircase. Palace at Knossos. Crete. -- Minoan Culture.

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Grand Staircase. Palace at Knossos. Crete. -- Minoan Culture.

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South Propylaeum. Palace at Knossos. Crete. -- Minoan Culture. The palace was decorated throughout with frescoes showing processions andother images related to royal power.

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“Throne Room.” Palace at Knossos. Crete. -- Minoan Culture.

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“Throne Room.” Palace at Knossos. Crete. -- Minoan Culture.

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Queen’s Megaron. Palace at Knossos. Crete. This room was part of the residential quarters to the east of the central court. A megaron is arectangular room with a columned porch; it is often used for high-status spaces.

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Queen’s Megaron. Palace at Knossos. Crete. This room was part of the residential quarters to the east of the central court. A megaron is arectangular room with a columned porch; it is often used for high-status spaces.

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Bull motif. Palace at Knossos. Crete.

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“Taureador Fresco.” Palace at Knossos. Crete. This is probably the most famous of the frescoes, and has been described as adepiction of a “bull jumping” ritual.

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Magazines. Palace at Knossos. Crete. The many narrow magazines were one factor in making Arthur Evans, the first modern excavatorof Knossos, connect this palace with the palace of King Minos from Greek myth.

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Magazines. Palace at Knossos. Crete. The many narrow magazines were one factor in making Arthur Evans, the first modern excavator of Knossos, connect this palace with the palace of King Minos from Greek myth.

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Mycenaean Architecture: Citadels

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Mycenaean Architecture: Citadels

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Mycenaean Architecture: Citadels. This type of masonry, used at Tiryns here as well as other sites, would later becalled “cyclopean masonry.”

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Mycenaean Architecture: Citadels. This type of masonry, used at Tiryns here as well as other sites, would later becalled “cyclopean masonry.”

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Mycenaean Architecture: The Palace and Megaron. The palace architecture of the Mycenaeans, seen here at Pylos (ca. 1300 BCE),drew on architecture and decoration created by the Minoans.

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Citadel. Mycenae. Greece. Mycenae was one of the dominant sites in Greece and contained the richestcollection of artifacts and buildings from Mycenaean culture.

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Citadel. Mycenae. Greece. Mycenae was one of the dominant sites in Greece and contained the richest collection of artifacts and buildings from Mycenaean culture.

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Lion Gate. Mycenae, Greece. Compare to the Lion's Gate made by the Hittites.

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Lion Gate. Mycenae, Greece. Compare to the Lion's Gate made by the Hittites.

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Grave Circle. Mycenae, Greece. At Mycenae, there were numerous burials over many centuries. The circular structure seenhere (Grave Circle A) contains six shaft graves in which weapons, gold and silver cups, andgold masks were found.

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Grave Circle. Mycenae, Greece. At Mycenae, there were numerous burials over many centuries. The circular structure seen here (Grave Circle A) contains six shaft graves in which weapons, gold and silver cups, and gold masks were found.

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“Treasury of Atreus.” Mycenae. This structure, named after the mythical king Atreus, is not a treasury but a tomb.

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“Treasury of Atreus.” Mycenae. This structure, named after the mythical king Atreus, is not a treasury but a tomb.

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“Treasury of Atreus.” Mycenae. The tholos consisted of a dromos (approach causeway) and the tomb chamber itself, which was wholly underground. It was cased in stone and used a corbel vault.

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“Treasury of Atreus.” Mycenae. The tholos consisted of a dromos (approach causeway)and the tomb chamber itself, which was whollyunderground. It was cased in stone and used a corbelvault.

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Palace at Pylos, Greece -- Early Greek Culture. Some continuity from Mycenae toGreece, including some deitiesand religious sites. Megaron maybe one source for Greek temple.

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Funerary sanctuary. Lefkandi, Greece -- Early Greek Culture. This kind of “hairpin megaron” shows the peristyle and axial organization oflater temples.

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Greek Deities: Zeus and Hera. The gods of the Greek pantheon were anthropomorphic and showed manyhuman qualities. The relationship between Greeks and their gods differed fromthe relationships between humans and gods in Egypt and Mesopotamia

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Temple Models -- Early Greek Culture. Religious buildings as houses of the deities, not for congregational use orother functions. Compare with Mycenean megaron at right.

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First Heraum. Samos -- Early Greek Culture. Note peristyle, larger scale. Construction still mainly in wood and otherperishable materials.

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Second Heraum. Samos -- Early Greek Culture. Further development of temple as a freestanding object.

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Second Heraum. Samos -- Early Greek Culture. Further development of temple as a freestanding object.

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Temple of Hera. Sanctuary of Zeus. Olympia -- Early Greek Culture. An example of an Archaic Doric temple.