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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the basic elements of a Mosque? |
-Minarets -Courtyards -Covered Prayer Hall -Minbar -Qubla -Mihrab |
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What are Minarets? |
Towers on a mosque to call all the faithful to pray
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What are courtyards in mosques and what are they used for? |
Contained places for which ablutions were conducted, ablutions being spiritual cleansing using water, since followers in Islam must be spiritually clean to pray |
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What are covered prayer halls in mosques and what are they used for? |
Was a functional necessity of mosques since most were built in the middle east, where the weather was extremely hot for the majority of the year |
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What is a Minbar? |
A platform in a mosque where the prayer leader would stand |
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What is a Qibla? |
A wall in the wall which was the manifestation of the direction towards Mecca as a physical object |
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What is a Mihrab? |
A niche in a mosque that would orient the building towards Mecca |
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Compare and contrast the functions of a mosque and its related buildings with those of Christian church complexes. How are religious needs embodied in buildings? |
-Christian churches were oriented with the thought of keeping the congregation's attention forward and towards the ceremony the priest was conducting in mind -Mosques were built to have the congregation focusing on Mecca and not anything in the church -Christian Churches were often decorated with portraits and sculptures -Mosques were decorated with only mosaics and decorative geometric patterns since the rules of islam states that there shall be no worshiping of idols, which includes paintings |
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What meaning did the gardens, courts, and rooms of the Alhambra hold? |
-Since heaven was often described as a garden in the Qur'an, many buildings and mosques would be designed to include gardens to symbolize heaven -Alhambra did this by having still and moving water in the Generalife (i.e. a garden in Alhambra) and in the courts of the Lions and Myrtles -The rooms in Alhambra had a similar meaning but approached the symbolism of heaven by separating the rooms' canopies it into seven layers to symbolize the seen layers of heaven |
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How did the Hagia Sophia influence Ottoman mosques in Istanbul? |
-Influenced the mosques in Istanbul by its use of a central dome, which is supported by half domes and the placement and style of its Minarets |
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In what ways did Sinan ultimately depart from the model of the Hagia Sophia? |
The ways Sinan departed from the model of the Hagia Sophia were that he created his Suleymaniye Mosque to be as beautiful as it is inside as it is outside and that his mosque was built with a outer courtyard. |
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Alhambra |
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Court of the Lions |
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Court of the Myrtles |
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Hall of the Ambassadors |
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Generalife (Alhambra) |
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The Great Mosque of Djenne |
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Haga Sophia |
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St. George (Beta Giyorgis) |
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Suleymaniye Mosque |
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Topkapi Palace |
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"May The One who granted the imam Mohammed with the beautiful ideas to decorate his mansions be blessed . . . Isn't it, in fact, like a white cloud that pours its water channels on the lions and seems the hand of the caliph, who, in the morning, grants the war lions with his favours?" |
The poet and minister Ibn Zamrak |
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"For, are there not in this garden wonders that God has made incomparable in their beauty, and a sculpture of pearls with a transparently light, the borders of which are trimmed with seed pearl? Melted silver flows through the pearls, to which it resembles in its pure dawn beauty." |
The poet and minister Ibn Zamrak |
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King Lalibela |
-Supposedly went to on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and was inspired to build St. George |
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Mimar Sinan |
-Built the Suleymaniye Mosque and Selim Mosque for Suleymaniye the Magnificent |
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What influence did the architecture of the Timurids have on later builders and patrons? |
-The influence of the Timurids was that they did not have a pre-ordained type of architecture since they were nomadic, and therefore sought the help of the architects in the areas they captured and had them create them their own unique style
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The actual characteristics that was influencing later builders |
-the onion and ribbed dome -Blue decorative tile -Four openings into a mosque and better known as the Four-Iwan Plan -Each Iwan surrounded by a pishtaq(rectangular frame) |
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What distinctive mosque plan was common in Isfahan? How does it differ from previous types of mosques? |
-The four-iwan plan and pishtaq to surround it -Main focus was on the courtyard than the inside rooms(different since most mosques focused on the prayer hall) -8 paradises: Represents the eight doors to heaven(different since they just didn't have that feature)
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In what ways did the architecture of the Mughal Empire incorporate both local and imported architectural elements and concepts? |
-Many of the forms and designs come from wooden architecture in that region -Often the materials were marble, which was imported instead of red sandstone, which was common in the region -ex.: Jali or lattice screens which were originally made of wood but instead made of marble |
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In what ways did the architecture of the Mughal Empire incorporate both local and imported architectural elements and concepts in the Taj Mahal? |
-Red sandstone being Persian -Dome toppers and Pishtaq being Indian designs -Similar dome and |
