Arch History Iii Test 3

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Bangladesh National Capital
-Louis I. Kahn
-Dhaka, Bangladesh 1962~1983
-assembly building
-society of rooms
-scale, bigger than humanity, but still maintaining human scale, hint of fascist scale
-play of light/shadow

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Barragán House
-Luis Barragán
-Mexico City, Mexico 1947
-Plans, line color!

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Boston City Hall
-Paul Rudolph
-Boston, Mass, 1969

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Cathedral of Our Lady of Fatima
-Oscar Niemeyer (1907)
-Brasilia, Brazil 1959~1970
-Seductive curves.
-Intuitive understanding of structure.
-Bee box glass
-Strong sense of centrality

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Church of Christ the Worker
-Eladio Dieste(engineer).
-Atlantida, Uruguay, 1958
-his first work
-curvy and undulating brick wall, the one you’ve seen before
-little rectangle windows
-form of the structure is also the form of the building

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Church of Saint Francis of Assisi
-Oscar Niemeyer
-Pampulha, Brazil 1943
-concrete shells/vaults, one larger than the other
-inside of vaults cladding in red wood contrasted to blue exterior
-mural at end of vaults
-surreal modernist

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Crown Hall, Illinois Institute of Technology
-Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
-Chicago, Illinois 1950-1956
-roof suspended from 120ft long girders
-no structure needed in building

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Deere & Company Headquarters
-Eero Saarinen
-Moline, Illinois 1955~64
-Fully engaged with his client
-Variation of the glass box with a sense of blending in the landscape
-It is organic in a way that it is environmentally concerned but constructed with steel and glass
-Using Core-10 which rusting over time, it reduces maintenance fee etc.
-man-made lake
-quality of aging with rust, and patina to prevent further rust
-corten, not much maintenance required
-less of a sterile corporate feel
-sun screens for shading

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Dulles International Airport
- Eero Saarinen
-Chantily Virginia, 1958-1962
-idea of lounges that drive from terminal to airplane, so passengers don’t have to walk far

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Eames House(case study house No.8),
-Charles(1907-1978) and Ray(1912-1988) Eames
-Pacific Palisades CA 1948-1949
-Prefab, standardized kids of parts
-Identified as a California type of life
-Panels are different in size, opacity and color framed by black steel frame.
-Modular, use of kids of parts
-Different from Farnsworth House, here is about personality and playfulness.

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Egerstrom Residence And Stables
(San Cristobal)
-Luis Barragán
-Mexico City, 1968
-Use openings as aperture but maintain the planetary.
-color integral to experience

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Engineering Building,Leicester University
-James Stirling
-Leicester, England 1959-1963
-pulling influence from constructivist, parts representing function
-interplay between axes, almost mannerist approach to machine
-futurist revival

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Exeter Library
-Louis I. Kahn
-Exeter, New Hampshire(1965~1972)
-central void space(boulle’s second project for the library of the king(1785))
-highly influence by Parinizey, Ledou, Boullee
-architecture create reality.
-“what was, has always being. what is, has always being, what will be, has always being.”
-reinforce concrete
-enter though diagonal, reviewing the layers of the construction.
-Lobby: Square, detail in a way that shows the construction. Hold up book shelfs, truth and geometry, skylights, dramatic light and shadow
-returning to designing for that particular program
-peoples encounter with books
-central space, where person is in presence of all books
-reading carrols at exterior/periphery, book stacks, then central space
-kahn is a student of history, paranese, boulee, ledoux
-boulees second project for library of the king
-comparable to larkin building
-3 parts have their own materials, carrols is exterior load bearing bricks, stacks is concrete, central space is air and light
-entering off axis, at the diagonal
-see building plan/diagram in the ceiling of central space

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Farnsworth House
-Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
-Plano, Illinois 1945-1951
-Weekend home, not practical
-Clearest expression of Mies domestic work.
-Asymmetrical, simple expression, rational.
-Steel structure being exposed(good idea, but not practical, create thermal bridge)
-Core is the only element of the house that divide space.
-Column as the only ornament of the building (almost unthinkable).
-“Simplicity of construction, completely honest to the Material,”
-Fling the interior to the landscape.
-Visual is more important but selfless in a way.
-“A more profound significant than it would viewed from outside” ---Mies

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Gandhi Ashram Memorial Museum
-Charles Correa
-Ahmadabad, India, 1958-1963
-series of open pavilions and breezeways
-concrete shells, wood planks, brick piers
-influence of kahn and corb

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Glass House(Johnson House)
-Philip Johnson
-New Caanan, Connecticut(1949-1950)
-Ornamentation as the repetition and manipulation of steel column.
-Small monumental structure.
-Low foundation, Black steel frame,
-More contained than Farnsworth House: Well defined edge, Symmetrical in four direction,
-steel as decoration, vs mies using steel as expressed structural beauty
-8 black wide flange columns, compared to Farnsworth 8 white columns

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Guggenheim Museum
-Frank Lloyd Wright
-New York, New York 1943-1959
-on 5th avenue, near central park
-organic architecture
-inverted building
-oculus of pantheon
-spectator of people

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Habitat 67
-Moshe Safdie (1938)
-World’s Fair, Montreal, Quebec 1967
-Modular Pre-fab constriction
-Fragment monumentality
-Outdoor deck, interesting lighting, roof terries

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House on the Stream
-Amancio Williams
-Mar del Plata, Argentina, 1943-1945
-house spans over a stream
-concrete shell spans the house, is the structural element of the bridge
-POOCHER GO BARK!!!!!!!!!!!!
-roof terrace
-carefully integrated into site

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Indian Institutes of Management
-Louis I. Kahn
-Ahmedabad, India 1962~74
-Reversed arch for earthquake
-Rhythm of light and shadow

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Ingalls Rink
-Eero Saarinen
-New Haven, CT, Yale Uni.1956-1958
-whale, beetle, overturned ship
-sweeping concrete ridge for structure
-yale whale
-structural efficiency and expression

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Jefferson National Memorial
Gateway Arch
-Eero Saarinen
-St Luis1947-1966
-prefab sections that puzzle together
-both sides going up at same time
-carbon steel int skin and stainless steel ext skin

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Kimbell Art Museum
-Luis I kahn
-Fort Worth, Texas, 1966-1972
-one of kahn's greatest works, one of the greatest works of the 20th c.
-breaks the vault in half, slit at the top middle brings in light
-in elevation, gap between infill and structure, again letting in light
-light and shadow and passage of time
-truth in geometry, honesty of materials
-simultaneous quality of modern and ancient qualities
-timelessness of mass and structure

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Lake Shore Drive Apts
-Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
-Chicago, Illinois (1948 to 1951)
-contractual, very little to do with site and lot shape
-Cartesian space, Cartesian means new (vs euclidian)
-rethinking core, dispersing a little structure to the exterior

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Lever House
-Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
-New York, New York 1952
-Lever company that makes soap
-wanted a ‘clean’ building, so used glass

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Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts
-Max Abromovitz
-NYNY, 1962

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MIT Chapel
-Eero Saarinen
-MIT,Cambridge, Massachusetts 1950-1955
-bringing in natural daylight
-flickering and mesmerizing light

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Miller House
-Eero Saarinen
-Columbus, Indiana,1953-1957
-his finest domestic work
-important functions at corners, leaving center open
-skylights
-Dan Kiley did landscape, famous landscape designer, Eero worked well with other famous dudes

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Ministry of Education and Health
-Oscar Niemeyer
-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 1936-1943
-Corb was a design consultant
-curtain wall, and building raised with pilots
-operable sunscreen louvers, undersides painted

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National Congress (Brasilia)
-Oscar Niemeyer
-Brasillia,Brazil 1958
-part of the plaza
-sits on the monumental axis
-legislative towers comparable to UN
-sits in a bowl site, roof flush with horizon, ramp up to roof
-bowl and dome

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Royal National Theater (London)
-Dennis Lasdun
-London, 1967-1976
-Invert the idea of what the theater meant
-Low profile courtyard spaces and terraces, blur line between space of public appearance vs theatrical performance

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Neue Staatsgalerie
-James Stirling
-Stuttgart, Germany 1977-1984
-demonstrates classicism
-blue and red rails contrast the stone, colors juxtaposed
-reads as a composition of form
-beaux arts mentality of plan revealing itself rather than façade (i.e. corbu)

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New Gourna Village
-Hassan Fathy
-New Gourna, Egypt 1946-1953
-low cost energy efficient homes
-rejected concrete
-make roofs that last
-discovered an ancient technique to make bigger span roofs
-humanitarian work
-cultivate traditional craft by using local sundried bricks
-made by users themselves

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Pilgrimage Church
-Gottfried Bohm
-Neviges Germany, 1963-1972

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Price Tower
-Frank Lloyd Wright
-Bartlesville, Oklahoma 1952-1956
-copper louvers
-human scaled, multi-use tower, intimate scale
-the building is a tree

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Richards Medical Research Laboratories
-Louis I. Kahn
-Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1957-1965
-precast concrete, cast in place concrete, all together

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Saint John's Abbey Church
-Marcel Breuer
-Collegeville, Minnesota, 1958-1961
-thin concrete but still monumental
-bell ‘wall’ tower
-concrete as relief from all the glass and steel

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Saint Mary's Cathedral
-Kenzo Tange
-Tokyo, Japan, 1962-1965
-cross in plan
-concrete exposed in the interior
-sweeping triangles in elevation
-steel on the outside

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Salk Institute of Biological Science
-Louis Kahn
-La Jolla, California 1959-1965
-power of central space
-separations of services
-virtuoso use of concrete

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Sangath
-Balkrishna Doshi
-Ahmedabad, Gujarat State, India 1979-1981
-appropriate modern look to india
-home studio

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Seagram Building
-Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
-New York, New York 1954-1958
-one of the most elegant skyscrapers
-glass and dark bronze, coated in bronze
-travertine tile plaza with reflecting pools, plaza always full of people
-set back from 5th avenue
-across the street from Lever House

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Stahl House (case study 22)
-Pierre Koenig
-Los Angeles, California 1959-1960
-expressed steel frame and metal decking
-intended homes to be mass produced and affordable, envisioning post war America

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TWA Terminal, JFK airport
-Eero Saarinen
-New York, New York 1956-1962
-concrete shells and piers
-lots of research

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United Nations Headquarter
-Wallace Harrison and Max Abramovitz
-NYC, New York 1949-1950
-actually on international territory
-instrument and symbol of world piece
-conference building (the other one, on the east river), general assembly (sweeping building), secretariat (skyscraper)
-secretariat- one of the first skyscrapers of primarily glass

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Whitney Museum of Ameriacan Art
-Marcel Breuer & Assocs
- New York , 1964-1966
-idea of ziggurat but inverted
-hollow below, substantial on top, hollow for plaza, substantial on top for more gallery space

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Yale University Art & Architecture Building
-Paul Rudolph
-New Haven Connecticut,1959-1963

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Yale University Art Gallery
-Louis Kahn
-New Haven, Connecticut 1951-1953
-entrance rethought, slipping through off axis
-monolithic
-ceiling plan
-relationship between structure and form
-articulation of masses

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Yoyogi National Gymnasium
-Kenzo Tange
-Yoyogi Park, Tokyo, Japan 1961-1964
-domination of the face