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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abbey church of St. Denis |
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Notre Dame Paris France |
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Notre Dame Laon France |
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Canterbury Cathedral England |
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Salisbury Cathedral England |
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Lincoln Cathedral England |
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Ely Cathedral England |
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Where Gothic started and how it got it's name |
Started in Ill-De-France. From scholars who saw the style as coarse and heavy attributed to Goths from eastern Germany who invaded western Europe. |
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Lancet window |
Tall narrow window with a pointed arch at its top |
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Narthex |
a porch or distinct area at the western entrance |
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Nave |
central part of church |
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Aisle |
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Transept |
Transverse section of building which lays across main body |
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Crossing |
Area where nave, choir and transept intersect |
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Chansel |
space around altar |
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Flying Buttress |
to resist the lateral forces pushing a wall outwards |
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Pointed arch |
realigns strengthline |
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Rib Vault |
concentrates load on corners and reduces weight of vault |
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Arcade |
series of arches carried by columns, passageway between arches and solid wall |
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Triforium |
a narrow passage in the thickness of walls with arches opening into the nave |
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Clerestory |
upper story of building with windows adjacent to roof |
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Maurice De Sully |
built Notre Dame Paris France to replace old cathedral |
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Pierre De Montreuil |
completed south transept of Notre Dame Paris France |
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Blind Tracery |
decorative feature applied to walls |
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Contreforts |
buttress |
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Rayonnant |
Radiant- refers to the use of bar tracery in the windows to crate a ray like arrangement of light |
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Bar Tracery |
cut from long pieces of stone, rose/oculus and lancet windows merge |
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Tracery |
stone ribs that divide windows, panels or vaults |
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Plate Tracery |
uses thick areas of stone to separate glozed areas. Stone rather than glass dominates |
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Linkage |
use of continuous vertical moldings to provide structural and visual connection. clesestory with triforium. |
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glazed triforium |
windows replace the wall behind the triforium bringing in more light |
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stringcourse |
a continuous projecting horizontal band set in the surface of the wall |
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rib ridge |
rib that runs along the apex of the vault in longitudinal direction |
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Diagonal Rib |
the moldings that mark the diagonals in rib vault |
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tiercerons |
major rib in complex rib vault that springs from main springers |
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boss |
projecting stone at the intersection of the ribs |
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Lierne |
a decorative supplementary rib added to gothic vaulting |
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Lantern |
small structure with windows all around the base which opens above a larger tower or dome |
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Hammerbeam |
short horizontal beam coming from masonry wall outwards towards the center of an enclosed space |
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Fan Vaults |
vaults with ribs having the same curvature fanning out from springing vault |
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Perpendicular Style |
emphasis on verticality, thin panels of tracery, continuous lines |
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what is the symbolic importance of the church in medieval times |
represented heaven on earth |
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what principles guide architectural design? |
Importance of light and order |
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characteristics of gothic church in plan, elevation. How does sculpture add to the gothic portal |
Plan-pointed arches, flying buttresses, rib vaults Elevation- clerestory, triforium, arcade, gallery. Sculpture added more elegance |
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gothic church's plans main characteristics |
1. narthex 2. nave 3. aisles 4. trancepts 5. crossing 6. chancel |
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abbey church of st. denis location and date |
near Paris, France 1137-1149 |
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Abbey church of st. denis style of architecture and function? |
rayonnant style. used as french royal monastery and burial place of royal |
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abbey church of st. denis techniques and materials used in its construction |
stained glass in each of the chapels |
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the importance of abbey church of st. denis location and how the church is connected to the king of France |
St. Denis was martyred for his faith and walked to this location carrying his head. He became the patron saint of France especially the royalty |
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what are some spiritual goals and architectural precedents that influenced suger and his work at Abbey church of St. Denis |
he was inspired by the descriptions of the temple of Solomon and Hagia Sophia, writings of St. Denis |
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why did suger think it was important to have light at Abbey church of st. denis |
it was god like |
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what parts of st. denis did suger build? |
western extension and three new chapels in the narthex. he then built a choir in the east end |
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how did suger make structural and decorative innovations at st. denis? |
he wanted the choir filled with light so he combined the pointed arch, ribbed vaults, ambulatory with radiating chapels, clustered columns supporting the ribs springing in different directions, and the flying buttress which allowed for clerestory windows. the first time these have all been brought together |
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describe the facade of notre dame at laon, France |
1. two towers with openwork turrets 2. arcaded, open galleries 3. central rose windows flanked by lancet windows 4. more lancet windows 5. triple portal with pinnacles |
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What are the major parts of the interior elevation of Notre Dame at Laon, France. and major structural element. |
1. Arcade 2. Gallery 3. Triforium 4. Clerestory major structural element is the ribbed vaults |
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what is notable about the sculpture openwork towers and what does it tell us about the building of the cathedral of Notre Dame at Laon |
dozens of oxen sculptures. this shows they used oxen to move heavy building material and did this to show thanks |
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What are the main parts of the plan at Notre Dame at Laon, France and why is it important practically, symbolically, to the purpose of a gothic cathedral? |
Main parts: Narthex (listening area), Transepts (create cross), aisles (walkway, parallel to nave), crossings (support vault), chancel (altar, worship, choir) |
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Notre Dame at Laon, France Date |
1155-1205 |
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Function of Notre Dame at Laon, France |
Cathedral of Laon |
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what style is Notre Dame Laon, France |
rayonnant |
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Notre Dame Laon, France techniques and materials to build it? and what does it tell us about the culture that built it? |
? |
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Portal |
opening in a wall of a building |
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tympanum |
semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance |
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archivolt |
ornamental molding following the curve on the underside of an arch |
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gable |
triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a dual pitched roof |
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who is Chartres Cathedral dedicated to? And what relic survived the fire and what role does it play in the reconstruction? |
Virgin Mary. Robe that Mary wore while giving birth to christ. because of this there were many donations to rebuild the church and made it bigger |
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describe interior elevation of chartress, how the exterior structure relates to the interior and how this makes the use of stained glass possible |
the nave arcade, the triforium passage, and clerestory windows. Gallery level was not needed because the flying buttresses were planned from the start |
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what are the structural advantages of the pointed arch over the round or roman arch |
pointed arch realigns the stress line |
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three architectural refinements with rayonnant |
1. bar tracery 2. linkage 3. glazed triforium |
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Why didnt the original flying buttresses at Amiens properly support the arch of the central bay |
they were placed too high |
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abbey church of st. denis 13th century renovations date? and function? style? |
1231-1281. burial place of royalty and monastery. rayonnant. |
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techniques and materials used to build abbey church of st. denis in 13th century |
compound piers consisting of a cluster of vertical shafts that start at the floor and extend to springing rib vaults |
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what parts were renovated on at abbey church of st. denis? |
upper story choir, extension of transepts, nave |
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how was the upper part of st. denis changed? |
the upper part of choir and transepts were taken down and rebuilt. |
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what innovations did the st. denis master introduce to the basilica and how it advanced suger's vision |
wall behind triforium was opened to the outside and provided with windows to bring more light in |
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Saint Chapelle Paris, France date? Function? Style? |
1243-1248. to hold important relics and serve as propaganda statement. rayonnant |
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why did king louis ix decide to build saint chapelle in paris, France |
to be the central monarch of western christendom and so he could pass privately directly into the church |
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what relics are kept at Saint-Chapelle? |
Crown of thorns, nail used in crucifixion, fragment of the true cross
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describe the structure of saint chapelle and how it allows the walls of the upper chapel to be almost completely windows |
building was relatively small so the building only needed contreforts to support the walls and also iron tie rods |
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what are some of the characteristics of the early English gothic style seen in the interior of canterbury |
alternating cylindrical patterns vaults spring from the same level as gallery arcades. gallery has two sets of paired arches. clerestory has wall passage. decorative dark stone. emphasis on horizontal lines rather than vertical |
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Why did Canterbury become a destination for pilgrims and how did this influence its design? |
Thomas a Becket was martyred by king henry II. placed a shrine of Becket |
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Salisbury Cathedral, England date, style and function |
1220-1258, tower 1334-1380, decorated, abbey and cathedral |
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techniques and materials used to build Salisbury Cathedral |
? |
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Salisbury was both an abbey and a cathedral; explain how this is evident from its plan. |
it has a cloister |
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What are some of the characteristics of the Early English Gothic Style seen in the interior of Salisbury Cathedral? |
two transepts, purbeck marble |
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Describe the appearance of the cloister here and how it demonstrates the characteristics of the Decorated Style. Salisbury |
Cloisters completed 1284 in the early Decorated Style, which refers to the use of tracery between the main arcades and the resulting geometric forms, including cusped circles, quatrefoils and trefoils |
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Lincoln Cathedral, England date, style, function |
1192-1280, decorated, |
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Techniques and materials of Lincoln Cathedral |
Interior vaults demonstrate a new approach to the rib vault by adding a ridge rib along the central fold of the vault, and supplementary cross ribs called tiercerons. |
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Describe the “crazy vaults” of Lincoln Cathedral and explain how they anticipate the Perpendicular Style |
Transverse rib (red) • Diagonal rib (blue) • Ridge rib (purple) • Tierceron rib:doesn’t go directly across of form part of a V (green). • Boss (yellow) |
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How is the Angel Choir decorated? How did it get its name? at Lincoln cathedral |
from the 28 carved angels and bar tracery |
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Ely Cathedral, England Date, style, function |
1081-1336, perpendicular, |
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How do the vaults and tracery in the Lady Chapel contribute to the decoration of the church? |
the detail of the ogee arch |
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What is a lantern? Why was the lantern at Ely built out of wood, and not stone? What techniques were used? |
1322 Norman crossing tower collapsed, foundations not strong enough for masonry vault. Construction of wooden lantern (tower with windows rising above roofline) by William Hurley, the King’s Carpenter. Supported on octagonal base of oak posts 63 feet long, 40 inches thick and 32 inches wide. Lantern is supported on hammerbeams tied to the masonry crossing beams diameter =69 ft. . masonry crossing piers, diameter = 69 feet. |
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Explain why wooden hammerbeam construction played an important role in the construction of Ely Cathedral and Westminster Hall. |
The hammerbeam truss uses short cantilevers extending out from the wall to narrow the span, thus allowing for the use of shorter timbers |
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Kings College Chapel, Cambridge, England date style and function |
1446-1515, perpendicular, college |
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techniques and materials building kings college chapel |
emphasis of vertically thin panels. continuous lines |
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What type of building is this? How does its plan reflect its function? kings college chapel |
college, only has nave |
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What are the characteristics of the English Perpendicular Style seen in King’s College Chapel? How does it compare to the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris? |
emphasis on verticality, thin panels of tracery, continuous lines. |
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Medieval house, Cluny, France, 12th century type of building and who would have lived here |
• Display of wealth, hospitality.
Landowners with greater wealth, higher social status would live in a manor house. |
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What sort of rooms would we expect to find on the ground floor? The upper floors? medieval house |
• Central hall with hearth was main living space for eating and entertaining. • Solar was a private room on the upper floor reserved for the family. |
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What material is this made from and what are some of the structural details visible on the façade? medieval house |
Materials: timber, wattle and daub. |
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Ca’ d’Oro, Venice, Italy, 1421-1440 What type of building is this and who would have lived here? |
House type is called a palazzofondaco, and was built for a wealthy merchant. Its plan and elevation combine functional business areas (fondaco) including a warehouse and offices on the ground floor accessed by the courtyard. The richly decorated living quarters (portego) are on the upper floors. |
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How does the Ca’d’Oro demonstrate the combination of Gothic and Byzantine Forms? |
Façade facing the water is decorated in the Venetian Gothic style with a ground floor loggia, and galleries on the second and third floors. Note the use of a variety of arch shapes, tracery, and sculpture. The exterior was said to have been covered in gold leaf, hence its name, the House of Gold. |
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who built the first part of Tower of London, London, England, 11th-13th century why did he need |
William the conqueror. for a fortress |
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Krak des Chevaliers, Syria, 12th-13th century significance of castle and who built it |
Built by the Knights Hospitallers on the site of an earlier castle. One of a series of Crusader castles built to protect the Holy Land. |
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What are some of the defensive features of this castle? Krak des Chevaliers |
Two concentric lines of defense: inner and outer ramparts. Outer curtain has eight round towers. |
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How does the Great Hall of Krak des Chevaliers reflect the Gothic architecture of Western Europe? |
arcade |
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Carcassonne, France, 800-1300 (walls 1248-1290)How did fortification walls serve to both protect a medieval town and serve its economic needs? |
Towns were centers of economic prosperity, also targets during war. Fortifications intended to provide defense, regulation of trade. |
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How does a bastide differ from other medieval towns? What are some of the characteristics common to bastides? |
fortified town. central market, rectangular street layout, houses have arcades |
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Who added the bastide to Carcasonne and why? |
Louis IX to encourage trade and commerce |
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orthogonal |
Rectangular grid plan Central marketplace. |
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palazzo-fondaco |
house type for wealthy merchant. business area on ground floor. highly decorated living area upper floor |
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loggia |
facade facing the water is decorated in Venitian gothic style with a ground floor |
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grand salon |
is a room in a house where visitors may be entertained |
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town house |
Shop on ground floor, living quarters above. Kitchen in courtyard at back. Merchants, businessmen, craftsmen, would live in these townhouses as part of the growing urban population. Made of stone with glass windows. Construction details that we have seen in medieval churches: pointed arch, colonnettes between windows, Lombard bands above windows. |
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longhouse |
combined house and barn. Long rectangular plan, residential section with central hearth, perhaps second room for sleeping or storage. Barn for livestock. Materials: Wooden supports, thatch roof. Most common form of habitation in countryside. |
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half-timbering |
building has exposed wood framing. The spaces between the wooden timbers are filled with plaster, brick, or stone. |
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wattle and daub
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is a composite building material used for making walls, in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called wattle is daubed with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung and straw. |
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motte and bailey |
(mound and open area) defensive design. |
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keep (donjon) |
is a type of fortified tower built within castles |
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wall corbels |
console is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight |
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chapter house |
is a building or room that is part of a cathedral, monastery or collegiate church in which larger meetings are held |
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William of Sens and William the Englishman |
built Canterbury |
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Early English Gothic ate |
1175-1265 |
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English decorated style date |
1250-1370 |
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English Perpendicular Style date
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1330-1540 |
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reliquary |
is a container for relics |
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how did the digital scanning make the cracks more clear at amiens cathedral |
scan sends out lasers to detect where all the cracks are exactly at |
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structural elements of gothic church |
1. pointed arch 2. rib vaults 3. flying buttress |
