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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
One of the oldest ceramics sites? |
Dolni Vestonice, Moravia, Czech Republic ~26 000 yrs old with 2000 sherds found venus figurines, animal figurines |
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Oldest Chinese ceramics site? |
19000 to 20000 yrs old Xian Rendong Cave in Jiangxi Province |
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Oldest Japanese ceramics site? |
~ 16000 yrs old Jomon Pottery cord marked design interesting because these were hunter/gatherer societies and pottery more associated with agriculture |
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Stallings pottery |
South Carolina 4500 years ago |
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Clay? |
the smallest particle size in minerals, only certain minerals are that small. porous particles, sticks together, has plastic capability |
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Silicates? |
Form glass like materials when heated, naturally occurring
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Kaolinite |
High quality white material (China pottery) can be fired at a lower temperature Platy structure (flat hexagonal shape)
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Paste? |
raw material colour shows level of kaolinite and quality |
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Temper |
added to paste, aids in the firing of paste, so it won't shatter or shrink excessively The kind of temper is dependent on the culture -minerals (limestone, sand, quartz) -organic (shell, seeds) can trace tempers back to their origin |
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Fabric |
Paste + Temper
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Construction techniques |
Pinch pots Slab building Coiling Molding Wheel throwing |
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Pinch pots? |
hand manipulation can see inconsistencies in wall thickness irregular surface (finger prints) Joins in vessels may have cracks or weak spots often asymmetrical in plain view
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Slab building? |
Cut sheets of clay highly consistent wall thickness geometric shapes cracks and imperfections at joins may have woven textile print on surface |
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Coiling? |
inconsistent vessel wall thickness incomplete joins between coils occasional air pockets most common |
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Molding? |
stone mold, seen in ancient Rome consistent replication of a standardized form smooth outer walls elaborate imagery inner walls smooth or may look wheel thrown faint vertical seam |
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Wheel Thrown? |
fine parallel horizontal lines on inside and out nearly perfectly circular relatively even wall thickness little thumb print/indent in base |
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paddle and anvil? |
to pound out air pockets makes walls stronger |
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Staging? |
build vessel, let it dry, add other parts |
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Traditional firing? |
1. start fire raise temp over 1100 C (can't use just wood). 2. warm pot with embers w/ opening face up 3. Add dung or peat to make high temp 4. place pot on dung 5. Cover pot with dung
This is a communal activity
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Oxidization? |
oxygen rich firing environments bring out earth tone colours of paste (red, browns). Iron in paste is being oxidized (rusting basically) Chimney style |
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Reduction? |
Oxygen deprived firing environments make vessel grey/black brings out metallic nature of minerals smokey and sooty happens by free carbon taking oxygen from vessel |
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Zonation? |
Sometimes vessel is oxidized and reduced in different areas (shows how it was fired) |
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Fabric body and temp? |
Porcelain (1300-1450) Stoneware (1200-1350) Earthenware (900-1200) |
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Characteristics of earthenware? |
porous, gradually absorbs water, can use paint/slip to make it more resistant |
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Characteristics of stoneware? |
More glassy/vitrified unglazed will absorb water heavier (hardness and water absorption differentiate stoneware and earthenware) |
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Characteristics of porcelain? |
lustres, sharper when fractured, won't absorb water |
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texture of bodies |
course and fine |
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Fabric body? |
China is pure kaolinite clay (fired lower at 1100-1200 C) Terra-cotta is mud brick, more cohesive than earthenware, porous, fired at less than 1000 C |
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Vessel forms? |
Bowls wider than tall Jars have narrow orifice compared to body Mug has handle and similar to jar Jugs have handle and spout |
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Amphora |
2 handled jars in Mediterranean |
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Castellations? |
Castle-like finishing on vessel Type of maker's mark |
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Forms: Geometry? |
Ovoidal Cylindrical Conical Spherical Ellipsoidal |
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Burnishing |
rubbing stone on vessel to make it harder and more smooth, makes it less porous and affects its ability to hold water |
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texturing |
paddling it, cording, this increases surface area and allows for cooling and better heat distribution |
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Slipped |
pigments added, thin layer of glass-like material holds water better |
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Painted |
add minerals for colours |
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glazing? |
vitrified, need high temp |
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Plainware |
cord impressed corrugation incising punctation |
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Punctation |
Texturing, insolating capabilities |
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Incising |
cut into clay |
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corrugated |
when coiled pottery is not smoothed over |
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cord impressed |
vessel wrapped with cord so the cord imprint is stamped on clay |
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Potter's tool kit? |
Shell knives paddle stones cords |
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Characteristics of slip and paint |
Slip flakes off instead of rubbing off like paint colours and number of colours are important in studying ceramics |
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Glazes |
first ancient glaze ware was crude and not very glassy Mineral glazes make colour iron- red/brown copper- blue/green Cobalt - brilliant blue |
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Main classes of design styles? |
Realistic naturalistic (slight abstraction from reality) Representational ( more abstracted, takes liberty with natural world) iconographic (simplifying image that represents something) Abstract (distortion) Geometric (using lines, spaces and creating pattern) |
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Naturalistic |
slight abstraction from reality |
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representational |
more abstracted, takes liberty with natural world ex images floating or suspended |
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iconographic |
simplifying image that represents some thing to convey meaning |
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abstract |
distortion |
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geometric |
using lines, space, and creating patterns |
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Elements |
building blocks of a motif 7 elements of design line, shape, colour, form, value (quality of colour like neon/pastel), texture, space |
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motif |
combined elements and reccurring structures, constant association with element |
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Types of patterns |
asymmetrical Bilateral symmetry. _/ \_ translation/repetition _/ _/ _/ point rotations _/ /- |
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Segmentation |
vertical (different designs on vessel from top to bottom)
radial (different designs on vessel from left to right) |