Arch 218 Midterm 2 (Lecture 6)

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Origins of Islam

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Islam: Means "submission to God's will" in Arabic

Muhammad (570-632): Receives divine messages starting in 610 AD. Leaves hometown of Mecca in 622 AD. Returns in 630 AD [seen as just a man; not a half-God, half-man like Jesus]

Qur'an (Koran): Seen as the direct word from God received by Muhammad

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Five Pillars of Islam

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1. Shahada- vow of faith to God

2. Prayer- five times daily (cycle starts at sundown)

3. Alms- Giving to those in need

4. Fasting during Ramadan- no eating during daylight

5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once

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Leaders in Muslim Religious Order

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Ulama- "the learned" are no different/superior to regular Muslim adults; there are no priests or hierarchy in Islam

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Muslim Caliphates

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Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 AD)- capital of Damascus. Prince fled and started Caliphate in Spain in 750. Lasted for 750 years

Abbasid Caliphate (750-1228 AD)- capital of Baghdad

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Minaret

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where "call to prayer" is broadcast

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Courtyard

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open space with well to wash feet, hands, and face before prayer

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Covered Prayer Hall

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like a nave in Christian Churches

covered to provide shade in very hot, sunny climates like the Middle East

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Minbar

Back 8

where person who leads prayer stands

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Qibla

Back 9

personal room to pray toward Mecca

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Mihrab

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Accentuation to show direction toward Mecca

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Great Mosque

Cordoba, Spain

8th century major additions in 10th

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Front 12

Poly-lobed Arch

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Front 13

Horseshoe Arch

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Front 14

Great Mosque

Cordoba, Spain

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Front 15

Great Mosque

Cordoba, Spain

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Added by al-Hakam II exclusively for the wealthy and important political figure

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Great Mosque

Cordoba, Spain

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Front 17

Alhambra

Granada, Spain

13th-14th centuries

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capital of the Nasrids

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Alhambra

Granada, Spain

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Front 19

Hall of the Abencerrajes

in the Alhambra

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Front 20

Comares and Lions Palace

in Alhambra

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Front 21

Court of Lions

in Alhambra

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Court of Lions

in Alhambra

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Front 23

Palace of Lions

in Alhambra

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Front 24

Court of the Myrtles

in Alhambra

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Court of the Myrtles

in Alhambra

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Front 26

Hall of the Ambassadors

in Alhambra

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Hall of the Ambassadors

in Alhambra

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Front 28

Generalife

in Alhambra

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Front 29

Generalife

in Alhambra

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Front 30

Great Mosque of Djenne

Mali

1240 but current building is a reconstruction

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Front 31

Beta Giyorgis (St. George)

Lalibela, Ethiopia

ca. 1200

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Beta Giyorgis (St. George)

Lalibela, Ethiopia

ca. 1200

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Beta Giyorgis (St. George)

Lalibela, Ethiopia

ca. 1200

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Beta Giyorgis (St. George)

Lalibela, Ethiopia

ca. 1200

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Beta Giyorgis (St. George)

Lalibela, Ethiopia

ca. 1200

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Topkapi Palace

Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), Turkey

1460s and later

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Front 37

Middle Gate at Topkapi Palace

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Front 38

Gate of Felecity at Topkapi Palace

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Council Hall at Topkapi Palace

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Suleymaniye Mosque

Istanbul, Turkey (1550-57)

Ottoman Empire at the time

ARCH: Sinan

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Suleymaniye Mosque

Istanbul, Turkey (1550-57)

Ottoman Empire at the time

ARCH: Sinan

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Hagia Sophia

Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey

(532-37)

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Suleymaniye Mosque

Istanbul, Turkey (1550-57)

Ottoman Empire at the time

ARCH: Sinan

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Madrasa, Suleymaniye Mosque.

Istanbul, Turkey

(1550-57)

ARCH: Sinan

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Front 45

Selim Mosque.

Edirne, Turkey

(1568-75)

ARCH: Sinan.

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Selim Mosque.

Edirne, Turkey

(1568-75)

ARCH: Sinan.

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Selim Mosque.

Edirne, Turkey

(1568-75)

ARCH: Sinan.

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