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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Origins of Islam |
Islam: Means "submission to God's will" in Arabic Muhammad (570-632): Receives divine messages starting in 610 AD. Leaves hometown of Mecca in 622 AD. Returns in 630 AD [seen as just a man; not a half-God, half-man like Jesus] Qur'an (Koran): Seen as the direct word from God received by Muhammad |
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Five Pillars of Islam |
1. Shahada- vow of faith to God 2. Prayer- five times daily (cycle starts at sundown) 3. Alms- Giving to those in need 4. Fasting during Ramadan- no eating during daylight 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once |
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Leaders in Muslim Religious Order |
Ulama- "the learned" are no different/superior to regular Muslim adults; there are no priests or hierarchy in Islam |
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Muslim Caliphates |
Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 AD)- capital of Damascus. Prince fled and started Caliphate in Spain in 750. Lasted for 750 years Abbasid Caliphate (750-1228 AD)- capital of Baghdad |
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Minaret |
where "call to prayer" is broadcast |
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Courtyard |
open space with well to wash feet, hands, and face before prayer |
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Covered Prayer Hall |
like a nave in Christian Churches
covered to provide shade in very hot, sunny climates like the Middle East |
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Minbar |
where person who leads prayer stands |
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Qibla |
Accentuation to show direction toward Mecca |
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Mihrab |
personal room to pray toward Mecca |
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Great Mosque Cordoba, Spain 8th century major additions in 10th |
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Poly-lobed Arch |
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Horseshoe Arch |
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Great Mosque Cordoba, Spain |
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Great Mosque Cordoba, Spain |
Added by al-Hakam II exclusively for the wealthy and important political figure |
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Great Mosque Cordoba, Spain |
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Alhambra Granada, Spain 13th-14th centuries |
capital of the Nasrids |
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Alhambra Granada, Spain |
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Hall of the Abencerrajes in the Alhambra |
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Comares and Lions Palace in Alhambra |
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Court of Lions in Alhambra |
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Court of Lions in Alhambra |
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Palace of Lions in Alhambra |
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Court of the Myrtles in Alhambra |
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Court of the Myrtles in Alhambra |
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Hall of the Ambassadors in Alhambra |
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Hall of the Ambassadors in Alhambra |
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Generalife in Alhambra |
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Generalife in Alhambra |
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Great Mosque of Djenne Mali 1240 but current building is a reconstruction |
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Beta Giyorgis (St. George) Lalibela, Ethiopia ca. 1200 |
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Beta Giyorgis (St. George) Lalibela, Ethiopia ca. 1200 |
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Beta Giyorgis (St. George) Lalibela, Ethiopia ca. 1200 |
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Beta Giyorgis (St. George) Lalibela, Ethiopia ca. 1200 |
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Beta Giyorgis (St. George) Lalibela, Ethiopia ca. 1200 |
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Topkapi Palace Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), Turkey 1460s and later |
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Middle Gate at Topkapi Palace |
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Gate of Felecity at Topkapi Palace |
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Council Hall at Topkapi Palace |
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Suleymaniye Mosque Istanbul, Turkey (1550-57) Ottoman Empire at the time ARCH: Sinan |
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Suleymaniye Mosque Istanbul, Turkey (1550-57) Ottoman Empire at the time ARCH: Sinan |
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Hagia Sophia Istanbul (Constantinople), Turkey (532-37) |
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Suleymaniye Mosque Istanbul, Turkey (1550-57) Ottoman Empire at the time ARCH: Sinan |
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Madrasa, Suleymaniye Mosque. Istanbul, Turkey (1550-57) ARCH: Sinan |
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Selim Mosque. Edirne, Turkey (1568-75) ARCH: Sinan. |
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Selim Mosque. Edirne, Turkey (1568-75) ARCH: Sinan. |
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Selim Mosque. Edirne, Turkey (1568-75) ARCH: Sinan. |
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-Minarets -Courtyards -Covered Prayer Hall -Minbar -Qubla -Mihrab |
What are the basic elements of a Mosque? |
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Towers on a mosque to call all the faithful to pray |
What are Minarets? |
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Contained places for which ablutions were conducted, ablutions being spiritual cleansing using water, since followers in Islam must be spiritually clean to pray |
What are courtyards in mosques and what are they used for? |
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Was a functional necessity of mosques since most were built in the middle east, where the weather was extremely hot for the majority of the year |
What are covered prayer halls in mosques and what are they used for? |
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A platform in a mosque where the prayer leader would stand |
What is a Minbar? |
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A wall in the wall which was the manifestation of the direction towards Mecca as a physical object |
What is a Qibla? |
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A niche in a mosque that would orient the building towards Mecca |
What is a Mihrab? |
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-Christian churches were oriented with the thought of keeping the congregation's attention forward and towards the ceremony the priest was conducting in mind -Mosques were built to have the congregation focusing on Mecca and not anything in the church -Christian Churches were often decorated with portraits and sculptures -Mosques were decorated with only mosaics and decorative geometric patterns since the rules of islam states that there shall be no worshiping of idols, which includes paintings |
Compare and contrast the functions of a mosque and its related buildings with those of Christian church complexes. How are religious needs embodied in buildings? |
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-Since heaven was often described as a garden in the Qur'an, many buildings and mosques would be designed to include gardens to symbolize heaven -Alhambra did this by having still and moving water in the Generalife (i.e. a garden in Alhambra) and in the courts of the Lions and Myrtles -The rooms in Alhambra had a similar meaning but approached the symbolism of heaven by separating the rooms' canopies it into seven layers to symbolize the seen layers of heaven |
What meaning did the gardens, courts, and rooms of the Alhambra hold? |
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-Influenced the mosques in Istanbul by its use of a central dome, which is supported by half domes and the placement and style of its Minarets |
How did the Hagia Sophia influence Ottoman mosques in Istanbul? |
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The ways Sinan departed from the model of the Hagia Sophia were that he created his Suleymaniye Mosque to be as beautiful as it is inside as it is outside and that his mosque was built with a outer courtyard. |
In what ways did Sinan ultimately depart from the model of the Hagia Sophia? |
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The poet and minister Ibn Zamrak |
"May The One who granted the imam Mohammed with the beautiful ideas to decorate his mansions be blessed . . . Isn't it, in fact, like a white cloud that pours its water channels on the lions and seems the hand of the caliph, who, in the morning, grants the war lions with his favours?" |
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The poet and minister Ibn Zamrak |
"For, are there not in this garden wonders that God has made incomparable in their beauty, and a sculpture of pearls with a transparently light, the borders of which are trimmed with seed pearl? Melted silver flows through the pearls, to which it resembles in its pure dawn beauty." |
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-Built the Suleymaniye Mosque and Selim Mosque for Suleymaniye the Magnificent -Was considered the best architect of his time and empire |
Mimar Sinan |
