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74 Cards in this Set
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human activity that consists of making choices among options that appear to be open for the future |
Planning |
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Time Human Resources Material Resources Natural Resources |
Planning |
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securing implementation consideration of outcomes |
Planning |
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Rational Planning |
decision tree |
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Planning and Society |
The more complex the organization, the moreplanning becomes a need and the more complexthe planning process becomes. |
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Pin Urinals Above - grade vs Subway system open vs underground drainage motorcycle lanes |
Lesser evil option What we want vs what we want NOW |
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Politics and political will |
Options may be selected and these maynot necessarily equally benefit allmembers of society. planning is a decision-making andresource-seeking activity, whichmakes it political. |
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the art and science of appliedFORETHOUGHT in the shaping of MAN’SENVIRONMENT so that the RIGHT THINGwill be in the RIGHT PLACE at the RIGHTTIME |
Planning |
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acting on things today to bring about what isenvisioned for tomorrow cases of missed opportunities |
forethought |
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Site Planning Subdivision Planning Urban design town/city planning urban planning regional planning national devt plan |
The Planning and urban design series Physical orientation financial and technical feasibility private-sector | | v driven by economic, social, political needs iterdisciplinary/multi-dimensional public sector |
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Site Planning |
lot + Building + landscape elements |
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Urban design |
public domain + private domain |
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urban planning |
plan + spontaneous evens = city |
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urban planning |
buildings infrastructure management people city functions education health livelihood recreation |
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master development plan |
physical component + transportation and utility systems + economic development + socio-cultural component + legal administrative component |
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The Urbanization Process |
Key Concepts • ROLE OF THE CITY • AGGLOMERATION AND ECONOMIES OF SCALE• ORGANIC VS. PLANNED DEVELOPMENTS • TERRITORIAL SPECIALIZATION |
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The city is evil Physical Issues |
garbage incoherence garbage management enforcement regulations traffic congestion crowding blight pollution lack of utilities |
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The city is evil social issues |
equity social segregation minority groups slums security cultural erosin heritage preservation |
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The city is evil economic issues |
gentrification land process and land availability underutilized areas and assets economic transformations |
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Migration |
is it beneficial? |
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Is decongestion the solution |
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is a trend in urban neighborhoods, which results in increased property values and the displacing of lower-income families and small businesses. |
Gentrification |
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The city is a parasite |
rural subsidy trickle down effect - states that fashion flows vertically from the upper classes to the lower classes within society, each social class influenced by a higher social class. |
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bright lights theory |
that rural-to-urban migrants tended to be attracted by the new facilities in the towns |
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urban-rural dualism |
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merits of migration |
factory/living example more literate people?? |
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Agglomeration/Economies of scale |
Concentration of:• capital• information• skills• technology and infrastructure• products• market base |
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organic and planned developments |
Ahmedabad india new delhi, india oakland USA |
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urbanization and order |
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territorial specialization |
marikina-shoes navotas-fish |
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SPECIALIZATION INTHEURBAN SETTING |
• Complementary services• Required facilities• Concentrated markets• Specialized Labor• Product Development and Competitiveness |
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• ROLE OF THE CITY • AGGLOMERATION AND ECONOMIES OFSCALE• ORGANIC VS. PLANNED DEVELOPMENTS • TERRITORIAL SPECIALIZATION |
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Urban Planning Issues |
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Sustainable Economic Development |
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- continuous - long-term - equitable distribution ofresources |
sustainable |
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-An area characterized by a concentration of socialsystems of production, exchange, distribution,and consumption of goods and services |
city & urbanization |
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-Shift in economic structure in favor of the moreproductive sectors |
economic development |
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natural ecosystem and urban ecosystem |
- Life needs to be sustained - Interdependent elements - Go through cycles of birth – growth -- decay or rebirth |
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life of a city |
birth, growth, plateau, rebirth/decline, renewal/death |
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Birth and growth of city |
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Economic systems |
Nomadic- paleolithic age Agricultural - neolithic age feudalism -medieval age mecantilist/colonial-15th century industiral-17th capitalist muliit-lateralism 20th knowledge-based |
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Nomadic Economy |
PEOPLE --- NATURE- - - capital • Animal-like existence • Food gathering and hunting • Very mobile social units • Population depended onclimate and geology • Resource-based dwellings • Loose sense of territoriality • Light, perishable materials |
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Agricultural economy |
PEOPLE--NATURE- - - - - capital •Control over food supply •Need to produce surplus •Emancipation from dependence •Systematic cultivation •Social unit from family to clan •Village system •Organization and Hierarchy |
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River and seaside economy |
nature- - - people - - capital • Control over water and fertileland resource was important • Rise of city states • Wars between city states werefrequent • More complex Organization andHierarchy • no inland trading among citystates |
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The feudal economy |
PEOPLE - - nature - - - capital • Strong sense of territoriality • Required formidable butproductive sites • Self-subsistence • Radial settlements • Mobility by horses • High level of organization |
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Mercantilism |
PEOPLE--CAPITAL- - - nature • Breaking up of fiefdoms • Development of ports andcoastal areas • Aimed for more exports thanimports • Establishment of Colonies • City-Hinterland Dualism • Hinterlands as production areasand sources of inputs • Rise of the Middle Class |
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Industrial economy |
PEOPLE -- CAPITAL - - -nature • Assembly line, productstandardization, mass production • Development of the railway system • High-density settlements • Blight in the inner cities • Development of suburbia • Automobiles and highways |
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Capitalism/Consumerism |
CAPITAL--People (no connection to nature) • Free Market • Private Enterprise • Competition • Concentration ofpeople and information • critical mass/economies of scale • Rise in land prices |
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Globalism and Mulit-lateralism |
CAPITAL--people--nature - - - • Global Cooperation • Theory of ComparativeAdvantage • Dispersal of Production • Specialized Cities |
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economic systems |
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modernism and postmodernism resultant urban forms and issues |
- global social and economic context -globalization and localization -asian realities -resultant urban forms and language |
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• Global Social and Economic Context Global and Post-Fordist Economy New International Division of Labor Urban Sociology |
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Global and Post-Fordist Economy |
• mass production• assembly lines• standardized • customizationproducts• huge hierarchically, organizedcorporations• vertically integrated production• flexible production• vertical disintegrationsystems• structured managementrelations formal regulations• welfare provision• cleaning up/sanitationstrategies |
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New International Division of Labor |
Networking based on the theoryof comparative advantage Networking based on the theoryof theory of globalization Multi nationa coprorations |
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ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION |
Movement patterns of TNCs - THE FLIGHT OF CAPITAL Urban Form Implications – THE GLOBAL CITY ASPIRATION |
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Cities and economic development |
nairobi new yourk london manila shanghai singapore los angeles |
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• Globalization and Localization Urban Character Territorial Embeddedness Historicism |
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Post-industrial cities have become ‘Global Cities’, that are characterized by,among others, and permeation of post-modern culture – hyper-rationality andthe consumption culture. (Abrahamson 2004). These global cities are easily recognized through the common architecturallanguage that they use to assert themselves as such. The languageincludes steel, glass and concrete, skyscrapers, neat lines, simple geometry(Connor, 1989). |
Urban Character |
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Economic systems/transactions are based on unique, rather thana universal set of social relationships (Granovetter, 1985). Postmodernism advocates calibration or customization ofresponses to the local realities. critical regionalism approachabandons ‘placelessness’. It has been proposed that modern architecture results inplacelessness when it is automatically adopted simply for itsuniversal qualities. (Frampton, 1983) |
TERRITORIAL EMBEDDEDNESS |
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Asian cities areproducts of historical events that deviate from the developmentalpaths that western countries have trodden. |
HISTORICISM |
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• Asian Realities Fast Rate of Development Mega-cities and Sprawl Informal Sector |
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High level of capital mobilityis among the features thatcharacterize the post-modernworld. The massive infusion offoreign direct investments toAsian economies during the post-war period. |
Fast Rate of Development |
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While this trend has resulted in urban agglomerationsthat support economically productive relations, largecities also breed urban life degeneration. Mega-cities are discontinuous constellations ofspatial fragments, functional pieces and socialsegments (Soja, 2000). |
MEGA-CITIES AND SPRAWL |
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a mass or collection of things; an assemblage. |
agglomeration |
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New towns and gateddevelopments are large-scaleformal interventions that arejuxtaposed to spontaneoussettlements. Modernism, comes with sanitizing strategies (Bryman, 2004).This strategy ends up that delineatingbetween the formal and the informalspaces within the urban space. |
INFORMAL SECTOR |
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RESULTANT URBAN FORMS |
utopian environments land use specialization spatial segregation varying mobility super imposition |
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UTOPIAN ENVIRONMENTS |
BGC |
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LAND USE SPECIALIZATION |
Special Economic Zones attract the trans-national corporations differentiate themselves in order to make themselves moreattractive to investment |
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SPATIAL SEGREGATION |
Uneven development The perception of anomaly in the process that brought about thesenew developments is prompted by the visual incongruity theycreate in the urban fabrics. |
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SPATIAL SEGREGATION |
There is vertical discontinuity because ofthe sharp edges caused by theconstruction of high-rise structures amidsttraditional city centers with low-risebuildings and single-detached dwellings. There is also horizontal discontinuityresulting from large-scale, gateddevelopments in the middle of old part ofthe city that has a fine fabric. |
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VARYING MOBILITY |
Space warsMore mobility opportunitiesfor the rich |
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SUPERIMPOSITION |
eastwood |
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Urban language |
DISNEYIZATION/THEMATIC DEVELOPMENTS BRANDING AND MARKETING CLASS LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE OF FEAR REPLICATING THE OUTSIDE WORLD |
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Plateau and decline |
• Declining Waterfronts • Old Industrial Towns and Over‐specialized cities • Traditional Centers and Markets vs. global centers • Obsolete Infrastructure • Gentrification • Segregation and Single‐use Areas • Large‐scale Development Trend • Overdevelopment/ Going beyond Carrying Capacity • Difficulty of Consensus planning Disaster unpreparedness Environmental Degradation Urban Sprawl |
