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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Complexity? |
* Social difference |
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What are organizations of societies? |
* Hunter-Gatherer * Bands * Tribes * Chiefdoms * Early states |
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What are things about Megalithic Monuments? |
* Burial structures, multiple individuals, re-used over time, usually has evidence for ritual activity * Passage graves/Gallery graves/Dolmens(not reused) * Gradually shifted from commual group orientation to acceptance of indiviuals of high status * Visible marker of territory
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What are things about Stonehenge? |
* Sequence of monuments built over time, from 5000 to 3500 years ago * Phase 1(5000) : Earthwork circle * Phase 2(4500) : Burials, Aubrey holes * Phase 3a : Bluestone * Phase 3b : Inner circles * Phase 3c-f : Rearrangement of bluestone and digging holes * Used by over 80 generations |
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When did people settle on Northeast Court(BC)? |
* Earliest occupation goes back to 14000 years ago near Haida Gwaii * Coastal migration route from Beringia, possibly island hopping. |
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How was early culture of Namu? |
* Goes back to 10600 years ago * Separated into 2 regional groups, North(microblade) and South(leaf-shaped points and knives), although both had similar culture * South had distinctive burial patterns : upright position, inclusion of grave goods |
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What are the things about Northwest Coast cultrue? |
* 4500 ~ 3500 years ago * Divided societies into noble/commoner/slave * Feasting and warfare * Tools made of bone/ground stone, coastally oriented subsistence |
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What is St. Mungo phase? |
* 4500~3300 BP * Chipped stone, ground stone artifacts, bone tools, burial, grave goods * Decorative items and exotic foods as wealth |
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What is Locarno Beach Phase? |
* 3500~2400 years ago * Harpoon, slate points, abrader, needle, obsidian/crystal microblades * Still coastally oriented subsistence * More grave goods |
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What is Marpole Phase |
* 2400~1500 years ago * First clear evidence of social complexity * Slate knives/points, celts, labrets, perforated stones, large needles, sculpture, antler harpoons |
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Gulf of Georgia Phase |
* 1200~European contact * Bone and antler artifacts, no chipped stone * Fortified sites * Altered landscapes(clam garden) |
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What is Poverty Point of Southwest? |
* 3500 years ago, built by hunter-gatherers * Abandoned due to temperature change and flooding |
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What is Adena? |
* 3000~2200 years ago * Agriculturalists, pottery makers * Extensive trading * Best known for mounds, functioning as burial sites, ceremonial centers, etc * Smoking pipe and shamanism
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What is Hopewell? |
* More elaborate earthworks, wider trade network * Even brought obsidian from 2500 miles away
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What is Mississippian Culture? |
* Maize agriculture * Social ranking(mound) * Cahokia * Caddoan |
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What is Southeastern Ceremonial Complex? |
* Artifacts associated with high ranking elites across Southeast * Evidence of trade |
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What is Natchez Culture? |
* Mississippian chiefdom still functioning at time of European contact * Leader Great Sun lived on mound |
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What are 3 major cultures of Southwest? |
1. Ancestral Puebloan(Anasazi) 2. Mogollon 3. Hohokam |
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What are things about Ancestral Puebloan? |
* Basketmaker, corn agriculture * Stored food under pithouse |
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What is Pueblo I Culture? |
* 750-900 AD * Pithouses were replaced with ground structure called Pueblos * Kiva : Ceremonial structure |
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What is Pueblo II Culture? |
* 900-1150 AD * Construction of planned towns and roads, and trade of goods * Chaco Canyon : ceremonial complex? *Public architecture * Not egalitarian * Abandoned due to drought |
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What is Pueblo III Culture? |
* 1100 - late 1200 AD * Mesa Verde * Grew as Chaco Canyon collapsed * Cliff dwelling, T-shape window and door * Also abandoned due to drought |
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What is Mogollon Pueblo Period? |
* 1150-1400 AD * Mogollon also began to live in Pueblos * Gradually abandoned over 1355-1400 * Mimbres |
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What is Hohokam Culture? |
* Similar to Puebloan but with desert adaptation and lack of cliff dwellings * Agriculture relied on canal, excavated using hand tools * Social stratification appeared by 900 AD, shown by house size and grave goods * Traded Mexico * Shell jewellery(acid etching) * Fortified around 1300 |
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What is a Civilization? |
1.Elaborated political and religious power. |
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What is Cascajal? |
* 3000 years ago * Possibly the oldest writing * However, no reliable provenience * Block does not match any mesoamerican inscribed artifact * Known systems do not use random glyph |
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What is San Lorenzo? |
* Hallmarks of civilization were in place around 1200 BC * First city in Mesoamerica by 900 BC * Regal-Ritual city * El Azuzul : Demonstration of power of the local ruler |
