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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Shelf, slope, and rise
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1.1 What are the three parts of the continental margin from the shore out?
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Also known as the intertidal zone because it is defined by the range of normal high and low tides in that area
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What is the eulittoral zone?
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Great variations in salinity, temperature, and nutrient concentration
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How is the nertic system defined?
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Euphotic zone, disphotic zone, and aphotic zone
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In regards to light availability, what are the 3 layers of the ocean top to bottom?
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NEEDS ANSWER
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1.5 What are the 3 layers of the oceanic system from top to bottom?
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Sessile benthic can not move and motile benthic can move around
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What are the differences between a sessile benthic and a motile benthic organism?
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All of the organisms that occupy and area
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What is a biological community?
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Food Chain
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Which model shows one path of energy through an ecosystem and is quantitative?
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A group od organisms of the same species
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What is the definition of a population?
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Genies and species
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What two taxa make up the scientific name of an organism?
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10%
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On average, what percent of ingested calories are passed onto the next trophic level?
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Neritic system
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What region of the ocean experiences the greatest variation in temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentration?
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Chrysophyta or “golden brown algae
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What are the most abundant organisms on earth?
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Silica
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What are the tests of diatoms made of?
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Dinoflagellates
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What group of plankton are responsible for the phenomenon known as a “red tide”?
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Radiolarian and protists
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What two groups of plankton have tests made of Silica?
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Zooplankton that form a false fate and in the daytime
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What is the deep scattering layer and when does it occur?
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Body scrubs, toothpaste, pool filters, and car polishes
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What are some commercial uses of diatoms?
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Their tests which are surrounded by long slender pseudophia
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What do foraminifera use to capture food?
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NEEDS ANSWER
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How does the way light is absorbed by water affect the distribution of “seaweed”?
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Slow growing and low nutrients are needed.
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Why is Sargassum ideal for the surface waters of the open ocean?
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Pyrrophyta
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Which unicellular protist is encased in a cellulose cell wall?
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Prop roots and pneumatophores
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What type of roots do mangrove trees posses?
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Because they partly create their own habitat; the leaves slow down water-currents increasing sedimentation, and the sea grass roots and rhizomes stabilize the seabed.
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Why are sea grasses sometimes called ecosystem engineers?
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Mutualism
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What type of symbiosis does a radiolarian have with its zooxanthellae (algae)?
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Needs ANSWER
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Which division (phylum) of algae gives us the food additive carrageenan?
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Foram
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What organism is a valuable index fossil for oil exploration?
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Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, rhodophyta
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What is the sequence of algae divisions from shallow water to deep?
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Eight
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How many rows of cilia do ctenophores have?
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Cydippida
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Which order of ctenophore has two big long branching tentacles?
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Similar to fishing lines, they capture small planktonic prey
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In the species that have long branched tentacles, how are they used?
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Beroida
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Which order of ctenophora are known for feeding on other ctenophores?
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Lobata include members of the genera Bolinopsis and Mnemiopsis
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Which group of ctenophores catches food in its lobes?
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Oceanic ctenophores
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Which ctenophores tend to be most fragile?
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Many of the deeper-dwelling oceanic species can be highly pigmented. It serves to hide luminous prey inside the animal that would otherwise divulge its presence to predators.
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What purpose do scientists believe pigmentation serves in deep water species of ctenophores?
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Red seems to be a popular pigment color which appears black in the depths where no red light penetrates
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Why is red believed to be the most popular color of pigmentation?
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Beroes
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What organisms typically feed on ctenophores?
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Haeckelia
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Which species of ctenophore uses cnidocytes from medusa for feeding?
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Urochordata, sometimes known as the Tunicata, are commonly known as "sea squirts."
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What is the common name of the benthic sessile tunicates?
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A notochord
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What key characteristic do all chordates have in common?
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Doliolids
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Which pelagic tunicate is 1-2 cm long and has 8 or 9 muscular bands around its circumference?
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Larvacea
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Which pelagic tunicate creates a new soft case around itself several times a day?
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Ctenohpores: 8 rows of silia
Urochordates: it has a notochord |
What are the key identifying characteristics of ctenophores? Of Urochordates?
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Doliolids
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Which tunicate uses jet propulsion to move quickly?
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Asteroldea, Echinoidea, Ophiuroidea, Holothuroidea, and Crinoidea
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What are the five classes of echinoderms?
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Water vascular system
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What is the unifying characteristic of all echinoderms?
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Aristotle’s lantern
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What are the mouthparts of a sea urchin called?
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Sea cucumber
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Which echinoderm breathes through its anus?
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Class Echinoidea
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What is the class of the Sand Dollar?
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test
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Describe the endoskeleton of a sea urchin.
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Five
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How many food grooves dies a sand dollar have?
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Petaloids, madreporite
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What openings are found on the aboral surface of a sand dollar?
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Class Crinoids
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What is considered to be oldest class of echinoderms?
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Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
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Which echinoderm class makes up 90% of the biomass on the deep ocean floor?
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Allow respiratory tube feet to emerge from the test.
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What purpose do the petaloids of a sand dollar serve?
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Class Asteroidea
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Which class of echinoderm lacks complete digestive tract?
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The mantle
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What part of a mollusk secretes the shell?
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A pearl is produced when a grain of sand or some other irritant gets into the shell. The mantle surrounds the object with nacre, making a smooth but usually irregularly shaped pearl.
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How is a pearl formed?
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a plate that allows creatures to withdraw into their shell and close off the apature. It is attached to the foot
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What is an operculum?
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A toothy mouth part
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What is a radula?
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It is either clear or blue blood
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What is mollusk blood like?
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They have no shell
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How are nudibranchs different from other gastropods?
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The chambered nautilus, organot octopus
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Which cephalopods use a shell as a buoyancy device?
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An internal remnant of a shell, and cuttlefish
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What is a pen? Which Mollusks have them?
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Class Celphalodpoda
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Which mollusca class has a closed circulatory system?
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Used for matting
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What is a hectocotylis used for?
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Three
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How many hearts does an octopus have?
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Shipworm
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Which bivalve plagued Christopher Columbus?
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Mutualism
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What type of symbiotic relationship does a tridacna clam have with its zooxanthellae?
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To anchor itself to rocks
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What does a mussel use its byssal threads for?
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eight
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How many arms and tentacles does a quid have?
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Arms are short and has suckers, tentacles are long and only has suckers at the end
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How are arms different from tentacles?
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Class Gastropoda
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Which class of mollusca has a univalve?
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Scallops
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Which bivalve can swim in its adult form?
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