Aquatic & Mosquito 5.0 Certificaton Wi Pesticide Applicator Training (6Th Edition)

Front 1

What roles to plants play in a healthy aquatic ecosystem?

Back 1

- Produce oxygen for other life forms in the lake
- Prevent shoreline erosion
- Stabilize the lake bottom
- Provide food, habitat for fish, waterfowl, and other aquatic animals

Front 2

How can excessive plant growth adversely affect the ecology and use of a body of water?

Back 2

- Curtail / prevent recreational use (swimming, boating, fishing)
- Impart taste or odor to drinking water
- Hamper water treatment
- Adversely affect aesthetics, resort trade, or property value
- Produce toxins

Front 3

What is an emergent aquatic plant? How does it grow?

Back 3

Rooted in shallow water, so that most of their growth extends above the water line. Esp. on wetlands, shorelines, and water saturated soil.

Front 4

What is a submergent aquatic plant? How does it grow?

Back 4

A plant that grows primarily under the water surface.

Front 5

What is a floating-leaved aquatic plant? How does it grow?

Back 5

These occur on the water surface. Free-floating ones have short roots not attached to the bottom, rooted ones have large floating leaves.

Front 6

What is algae? How does it grow?

Back 6

Primitive, simple plants without stems, leaves, or a vascular system.

Free floating float.
Filamentous grow on rocks, weeds, piers, etc. It can also break loose and float.
Rooted attach to the bottom (despite the name, they don't have roots).

Front 7

What is the means of dispersal of emergent aquatic plants?

Back 7

Underground root system

Front 8

What is the means of dispersal of submergent aquatic plants?

Back 8

Pondweeds: Vegetatively (roots, runners) or by seeds
Whorled leaf plants: being uprooted, then floating
Water celery: the book doesn't say :S

Front 9

What is the means of dispersal of floating-leaved aquatic plants?

Back 9

Free-floating: wind, causing accumulation on shorelines
Rooted: the book doesn't say :S

Front 10

What is the means of dispersal of algae?

Back 10

Free-floating: floating
Filamentous: breaking loose and floating away
Rooted: doesn't say :S

Front 11

Give some examples of emergent aquatic plants.

Back 11

Cattails, arrowhead, bulrushes, purple loosestrife

Front 12

Give some examples of submergent aquatic plants.

Back 12

Pondweeds: curlyleaf, sago
Whorled leaf plants: water milfoil
Water celery: tapegrass, eelgrass

Front 13

Give some examples of floating-leaved aquatic plants.

Back 13

Free-floating: lesser duckweed
Rooted: water lilies, spatterdock, American lotus, watershield

Front 14

Give some examples of algae.

Back 14

Free-floating: blue green
Rooted: Chara, Nitella

Front 15

What are the problems emergent aquatic plants can cause?

Back 15

Stopping recreational uses

Front 16

What are the problems submergent aquatic plants can cause?

Back 16

Motorboats cutting and spreading whorled leaf plants, restricting boating and fishing by how thick it is, reducing fish and waterfowl habitat

Front 17

What are the problems floating-leaved aquatic plants can cause?

Back 17

Doesn't really say.
Free-floating accumulate on shores and in emergent plants, often in thick layers that are difficult to control.
Rooted are beneficial.

Front 18

What are the problems free-floating algae can cause?

Back 18

When large amounts die, they rot, and the decay bacteria use up the oxygen in the water, causing fish kills. The dead algae may also release toxic chemicals into the water.

Front 19

Which emergent aquatic plant is the most likely to be a pest (hint: it is an exotic)

Back 19

Purple loosestrife

Front 20

Which submergent aquatic plants are the most likely to be a pest (hint: exotics)

Back 20

Curlyleaf pondweed, Eurasian water milfoil

Front 21

Which algae are the most likely to be a pest

Back 21

Blue green, a type of free-floating or planktonic

Front 22

List the advantages of chemical control of aquatic plants.

Back 22

- longer lasting control than mechanical methods
- less physical labor
- may cost less
- can only target pest species

Front 23

List the disadvantages of chemical control of aquatic plants.

Back 23

- restrictions on water use
- oxygen depletion from killing too many plants at once, leading to fish kills
- sudden release of nutrients from killing many plants at once can cause algae growth
- inherent risk to people and non targets associated with any pesticide use

Front 24

What is the beneficial role of fish in WI?

Back 24

- balance ecosystems by eating plants, insects, other fish, and being a food source
- people like to fish
- fish farms and hatcheries raise fish for food, feed, fertilizer, bait, and release into state waters

Front 25

Why should we control fish? Hint: there are five situations.

Back 25

1. Eliminating undesirable or competing fish from fish rearing.
2. Removing exotics or undesirables from a body of water.
3. Ruining stunted fish to bring a population into balance.
4. Eliminating fish from a hatchery water supply to prevent a reservoir of disease causing organisms.
5. Treating spawning sites to prevent overpopulation of an individual species.

Front 26

Who gives approval for conducting chemical treatments for fish control?

Back 26

WI Bureau of Fisheries Management

Front 27

Why is post treatment management important in the long term success of chemical fish control?

Back 27

Because populations can grow rapidly to refill the void left by the dead fish, often in three years time. Also, there may be unauthorized restocking of fish. Finally, the toxicant can move downstream and cause fish kills.

Front 28

What are the two main reasons why mosquito control might be warranted?

Back 28

Nuisance and disease

Front 29

What are the structural features of mosquito eggs?

Back 29

1/25 inch, light colored at first, but darkening within 24 hours, lateral extensions which allow floating or spines to trap air underneath and allow floating, or built as a raft to allowing floating

Front 30

What are the structural features of mosquito larvae?

Back 30

Mouthparts consist of a bristle to filter food, most have an air tube on the penultimate (8th) abdominal segment

Front 31

What are the structural features of mosquito pupae or wigglers?

Back 31

Only two body segments, trumpets (respiratory structures) on the thorax, and paddles on the abdomen

Front 32

What do you need to know about a mosquito species before embarking on a control program?

Back 32

- types and locations of breeding sites
- number of generations per year
- host preference
- seasonal population levels, and how rainfall effects populations
- flight range
- common resting areas
- if they serve as vectors

Front 33

Describe the habits of Aedes triseriatus.

Back 33

Tree-hole, attracted to lay eggs in any small containers. Eggs laid above the water line. Day feeders, do not disperse far from breeding areas.

Front 34

Describe the habits of Aedes vexans.

Back 34

Most common pest mosquito in WI. Floodwater, breeds roadside puddles, river bottoms, and the like. Eggs can remain dormant for five years. Migrate 15-20 miles, feed at dusk and after dark.

Front 35

Describe the habits of Culex pipiens.

Back 35

Breed in permanent or temporary pools of water that a high in organic material, including ditches, sewage lagoons. Eggs laid in rafts.

Front 36

Name the three main mosquito borne diseases in Wisconsin and the vector for each.

Back 36

La Crosse Encephalitis: Ae. triseriatus.
West Nile: C. pipiens.
Dog heartworm: Ae. vexans

Front 37

What events are necessary for an herbicide to kill a plant?

Back 37

- it must be absorbed into a plant.
- if necessary, it must be moved to the sensitive part of the plant
- it must block an important process in the plant

Front 38

What is the use of contact herbicides?

Back 38

Most effective on actively growing seedlings.

Front 39

What is the limitation of contact herbicides?

Back 39

Normally do not proved residual control.

Front 40

What is the use of systemic herbicides?

Back 40

Can kill plants even if all the leaves are not treated.

Front 41

What actives are found in algicides?

Back 41

Copper sulfate, copper chelate. Can also kill other plant life than algae.

Front 42

What types of piscides are commonly used?

Back 42

Botanicals, such as rotenone, and lampricides such as TFM and Bayluscide

Front 43

List some precautions with adjuvants.

Back 43

Over application can lead to injury of desirable plants, compatibility problems, reduced pest control.

Front 44

What formulations are more likely to cause phytotoxicity?

Back 44

EC

Front 45

Submergent plants, algae, and mosquito larvae are often best treated with what formulation?

Back 45

G (also pellets and briquets)

Front 46

When do you need a permit from the DNR to control aquatic pests?

Back 46

When applying pesticides to Wisconsin waters. (I assume this means ALWAYS?)

Front 47

What does the DNR consider before granting a permit for aquatic pest control?

Back 47

- potential human and environmental hazards
- whether the proposed treatment will provide relief from the pest
- whether there will be unreasonable restrictions on existing water uses
These permits are for one treatment season only.

Front 48

What are the certification requirements for someone applying pesticides to waters of the state?

Back 48

Certification in 5.0 whenever...
- The applicator is for hire.
- The treated area is bigger than 1/4 acre.
- The product is restricted use.
Or
- Liquid chemicals are going to be used.

Front 49

After the DNR has granted a permit for application to waters, they can limit of stop your use. When will this happen?

Back 49

- if it determines the treatment will be ineffective
- if it decides it will cause unreasonable restrictions on use of that water
- or it will produce unnecessary adverse side effects on non targets

Front 50

What regulations are about the control of fish?

Back 50

Permits are only issued for landlocked waters. Permit must be obtained from the DNR area fish manager. Application must be done under the supervision of a DNR employee.

Front 51

Explain some details about a hydraulic sprayer.

Back 51

Commonly used for herbicide application from boat and mosquito larvicide application from truck. Sometimes a direct-metering unit is used for treating large areas of water, which does not use a spray tank. (Are these like typical powersprayers? Unclear.)

Front 52

A handgun is normally used for herbicide and piscicide applications, and its nozzle should provide a ____ flow rate, ____ stream, and _____ droplet size.

Back 52

High flow rate, straight stream, large droplet size

Front 53

What is used to apply herbicides just below the water surface?

Back 53

Short hoses, spaced at approximately 2 foot intervals, on a short bow- or stern-mounted boom.

Front 54

What is used to apply herbicides in deep water?

Back 54

Nozzles located at the ends of long, weighted hoses that trail from a boom on the bow of the boat.

Front 55

What is used to apply granular herbicides to water?

Back 55

A bow-mounted centrifugal or blower-type spreader. Blowers create less dust than centrifugal.

Front 56

When in a plant's life cycle is chemical control best performed?

Back 56

Young, growing plants.

Front 57

How do you prevent oxygen depletion when using aquatic herbicides?

Back 57

By treating young plants (i.e. in spring and summer)

Front 58

What can affect the performance of aquatic herbicides?

Back 58

- water temperature at time of treatment (normally over 60 F required)
- amount of sunlight before and after treatment (must be enough to allow active growth, so they can uptake the herbicide)

Front 59

Why is one herbicide application often not enough?

Back 59

- most herbicides have limited residual
- they won't prevent seeds from sprouting or vegetative reproduction in perennials
- sometimes the treatment opens the way for different weeds to come in, which then must be treated
- different plants become pests at different times of year, and must have a treatment targeted for the right season

Front 60

Describe rotenone's characteristics.

Back 60

- restricted use
- comes in a powder and liquid formulation, but only the liquid is allowed in WI
- warmer water results in a faster fish kill
- fish will try to avoid the toxicant
- it is absorbed by aquatic plants and suspended solids, reducing effectiveness
- natural breakdown: 2-8 weeks in summer, 3-4 mo. in winter
- alkaline, turbid, well lit, high oxygen speed up breakdown

Front 61

What are the factors to consider for determining the best time to treat for fish?

Back 61

- lowest water levels usually are in midsummer or winter
- thorough dispersion of chemicals in easiest during turnover periods (what the heck does that mean?)
- many fish have predictable behavior during certain seasons or certain conditions (water level, temperature)
- low water temperature = longer toxicity
- dense vegetation can slow down a product's spread and can cause high pH which reduces period of toxicity (may require a higher concentration of product)
- thick ice can reduce the amount of water to be treated, but can hamper effective observation
- public use is less in the fall, dead fish may potentially be left in place

Front 62

What limitations are there on a body of water after fish treatment?

Back 62

- livestock should not drink the water
- should not be used for stock watering or crop irrigation
- no swimming
- don't eat the poisoned fish

Front 63

How would you apply psicicide to a lake?

Back 63

small to moderate lakes - from a boat using a boat bailer or a pump, although a weighted hose may be needed to treat deep water
- place live cages of fish at various points to make the product reached all levels

Front 64

How would you apply psicicide to a stream?

Back 64

- liquids are normally used in drip barrels (a 30 or 55 gal drum calibrated to discharge the product over 8 hours)
- take stream flows in cubic feet per second, learn the length of time it takes for water to move between drip stations (use a dye)
- drip stations should be 6 hours apart
- the end should be a drained pond

Front 65

How would you apply psicicide to inaccessible areas?

Back 65

With a backpack sprayer.

Front 66

Explain detox techniques for pisicicides.

Back 66

Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chlorine bleach will detox rotenone. Best done with a drip barrel. Dilute prior to application. Only need to detox in stream treatments and lake outlets.

Front 67

When and where is adult mosquito control performed?

Back 67

- recreational areas
- around known harborage areas
- residential areas when populations or disease potential is high
- to supplement larviciding by keeping adults from entering from neighboring areas

Front 68

What is the timing and persistence of adulticide applications for mosquitoes?

Back 68

aerosols - normally works for a very short period of time, normally must contact adults directly, so applied when they are seen
ULV - area-wide, normally when they are most active like dusk or dawn
- water-diluted sprays normally work for 10-14 days, applied during the day

Front 69

When is mosquito larviciding important?

Back 69

- where disease carrying mosquitoes are common
- when nuisance species are a yearly problem

Front 70

What factors should be considered when choosing a mosquito larvicide?

Back 70

- target pest, habitat
- size and type of area to be treated
- water quality
- other animals and pests present
- domestic uses, ecological functions of site

Front 71

___% of the breeding is taking place in ____% of the water (mosquitoes)

Back 71

95%, 10%

Front 72

Inspect mosquito breeding sites every ___ days.

Back 72

5-10

Front 73

List the three factors you need to determine to calculate the amount of pesticide to apply to standing water.

Back 73

1. The area or volume to be treated.
2. The dosage of pesticide required to control the pest.
3. The amount of formulated material required to give the proper dosage.

Front 74

List the three factors you need to determine to calculate the amount of pesticide to apply from a moving boat.

Back 74

1. Amount of spray solution delivered per unit time
2. The speed of the boat
3. The effective swath width

Front 75

Describe how to calculate how much pesticide to use in flowing water.

Back 75

1. Determine discharge rate of the water, that is, the CFS (cubic feet per second). width x depth x velocity x 0.9
2. Determine amount of pesticide in ml need for rate in ppm. ml / minute = discharge rate (CFS) x ppm desired x 1.7
ml of pesticide = ml of pesticide per minute x ECT (in min)
3. Determine the pumping rate of sprayer in gal per min.
4. Determine output of spray tank in ml of output. ml of output = ECT (effective contact time in min) x pumping rate (GPM) x 3,785
5. Determine amount of water to add to the spray tank. ml of water = total solution in sprayer (step 4) - amount of pesticide (step 2)

Front 76

How many feet are in an acre?

Back 76

43,560 square feet

Front 77

(standing water application) lbs of product needed = ?

Back 77

2.7 lbs x ppm desired x acre-ft