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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lentic systems are? |
Standing water bodies. Are all in the process of becoming a terrestrial habitat |
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What defines a wetland |
-Hydric soils -Soil water-saturated (anaerobic soils) -Certain types of vegetation grow -Standing water not necessarily present |
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Hydric soils |
High organic content. May become anaerobic soil after inundation. Upper part of soil during growing season. |
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3 types of wetlands |
Boga. Marshes. Swamps |
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Bogs |
Acidic in nature. Mosses |
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Marshes |
Grasses |
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Swamps |
Trees |
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Estuaries |
Marine wetland ecosystem. Ocean meets land/ river Shallow open water fringe with veg Brakish water (fresh and salt) Associated with mangroves |
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Reservoirs |
Human-made Lower residence time (few years) More nutrients than a lake |
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Lakes |
Naturally occuring 10-20 years residence Glacier formed lakes: poor nutrients |
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Residence time for Glaciers Snow Soil moisture |
20-100 years 2-6 months 1-2 months |
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Residence time Groundwater:shallow/ deep |
100-200 years 10,000 years |
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Residence time: Lake Rivers |
50-100 years 2-6 months |
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Lakes and reservoirs similarity |
Mixed by wind Thermally stratified (3 zones) Depths More phytoplankton than flowing waters Zooplankton dominant grazers |
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Lotic systems |
Flowing water |
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Lotic system facts |
Less stable: higher surface area to volume ratio Lots of pariphyton and macrophytes Macroinvertibrates- main grazers 1-12 1 smallest |
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Primary productivity: Ocean Continental shelf Estuary |
26% 6% 2% |
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Primary productivity Swamp/ marsh Lakes/ rivers |
2% .5% |
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Primary productivity Tropical rainforest O. Ocean&c. Shelf |
24% 32% |
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Define ecology |
Study of relationships between organisms, and between organisms and their environment. |
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Limnology |
Study of inland waters |
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Hydrologic cylce |
Movement of water between compartments at a global scale |
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Compartment |
Anywhere water is stored during its transition through the hydrologic cycle |
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Global water budget |
The rate of flux through these different compartments effects the amount of water available in usable form to humans. Unpredictable |
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3 types of chemical bonds |
Hydrogen, covalent and ionic |
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Ionic bonds (NaCl) |
Transfer of e- between atoms |
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Covalent bonds (H2 (+) O(-)) |
Strongest bond |
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Hydrogen bond |
Weak bond between a postive hydrogen atom and another negative atom |
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Water |
High boiling temp. Low freezing temp( 0 C) Dense at 4C Evapes at 100C |
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Water has high heat _______, _______ and __________. |
Vaporization, capacity and fusion |
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Water is __________ so it has a ______ _______ ______ |
Cohesive High surface tension |
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Water _________ when frozen and becomes _______ ______ |
Exoands Less dense |
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Water absorbs: |
Ultraviolet and infrared radiation |
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Why are weathering of rocks an important impact on the geomorphotlogy of earth? |
Dissolution of ions from rocks makes nutrients more biologically available |
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Viscosity |
The frictional force of a medium |
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Inertia |
Resistance of a body to change its state of motion |
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Viscosity and inertia can impact aquatic organisms by |
Feeding strategies Body shape Swimming speed Habitat choice |
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Reynolds number |
Ratio of inertial force and viscous force |
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Reynodls number |
Fi/Fv Fi:pSU^(2) Fv: uSU/ L |
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p & S |
Density of the fluid (weight/vL) Surface area of the object ( distance squared) |
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U, u & L |
Velocity of fluid moving past object ( distance/ time) Dynamic viscosity of a fluid (constant specific temp) Length of object |
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Fi. Inerita _____ velocity density and surface area ____ Inertia ______ at smaller areas= ____ turbulence |
Increases, increases Decreses, less |
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Fv Viscosity____ as velocity and s.a. _____. Viscosity _____ as length _____. |
Increases, increases Decreases and increases |
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Reynolds number final equation |
PUl/u |
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Re _____ at larger spatial scales |
Increases |
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High re is associated with?? |
Turbulent flow |
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Low re associated with?? |
Laminar (smoother) or brownian flow |
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Brownian |
Smaller scale Random movement of water (faster at higher temp) |
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Laminar flow |
Larger scale Unidirectional flow paths |
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Turbulent flow |
Water highly mixed Flow is multidirectional |
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Small scales: ____ re=_____ turbulence |
Low =low |
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Organisma can reduce the effect of turbulence by... |
Living near surfaces |
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Cohesiveness |
Water is attracted to water |
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Adhesive |
Water attracted to other objects |
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Epilimnion |
Upper layer of water |
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Metalimnion |
Sone of rapid temp change |
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Hypolimnio |
Lower layer of water |