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61 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

As the frequency of a note increase, what happens to it's pitch ?

It increases as well

What does the loudness of a note depend on ?

It depends upon the amplitude of the sound wave

What fuel is used in a nuclear power station ?

Uranium or plutonium

Describe briefly, how do electrical generators are driven to produce electricity in a power station driven by turbines



(use the words: water, steam, turbine)

Water is heated to produce steam. This steam drives a turbine, which is coupled to an electrical generator that produces electricity

What are the 3 sources for fuel in a fossil-fuel power station ?

-Coal


-Oil


-Natural gas

True or false, uranium is burned to produce energy

False, uranium atoms do not burn; they perform nuclear fission

Where can a bio fuel be obtained from?

Living, or recently living organisms

Are bio fuels a renewable energy source ?

Yes, they are renewable

What does solar energy travel from the sun to the Earth as ?

Electromagnetic radiation

What can we use to convert solar energy into electrical energy ?

Solar cells

Where does geothermal energy come from ?

It comes from inside the Earth by radioactive processes

The greater the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings, the greater the..?

The greater the rate at which energy is transferred

Name two things that the rate at which energy is transferred depends on

-Materials that the object is in contact with

-The object's shape


-The object's surface area


If we wanted to maximise the rate of energy transfer, what could we do ?

-Use good conductors


-Make sure the objects are painted in dull black


-Have an air flow around the object maximised

If we wanted to minimise the rate of energy transfer, what could we do ?

-Use good insulators


-Objects are painted in white and are shiny


-Prevent convection currents by trapping air in small pockets

In a vacuum flask, what does the vacuum inside it prevent?

It prevents: conduction and convection

Define the refraction of light

The refraction of light is the change of direction of a light ray when it crosses a boundary between two transparent substances

What happens to the wavelength and frequency of a wave as it crosses a boundary ?

The wavelength changes, but the frequency stays the same

What colour light is refracted the most ; Red, blue, violet or green ?

Violet is refracted the most, red is refracted the least

Define base load demand

A constant amount of electricity is provided by nuclear, coal-fired and oil-fired power stations

Order these types of power stations from quickest to slowest start-up time : gas-fired, coal-fired and nuclear

Fastest - Gas, coal then nuclear

What materials are the best conductors ?

Metals

What state of matter does conduction mainly occur in ?

Solids

What kind of energy occurs in order for particles to past energy from one end of the solid, to the other end ?

Kinetic energy

Why are non-metals poor conductors ?

They don't contain free electrons meaning energy can't be passed on as easily

Define power

Power is the rate of transfer of energy

What is the unit for power ?

It is a watt, W

How many watts is in 2.5kW ?

2500 watts

What is diffraction ?

It is the spreading out of waves when they pass through a gap or round the edge of an obstacle

What can happen to the reception of radio waves on the top of a hill if they don't refract enough ?

The radio and TV reception will be poor

True or false, it is possible to destroy energy, but we cant create it

False, we cannot create or destroy energy

Name 5 different forms of energy ?

-Light


-Sound


-Kinetic (movement)


-Nuclear


-Electrical


-Gravitational potential


-Elastic potential


-Chemical

Yes or no, do all objects emit infra-red radiation ?

Yes, they do

If a object is hotter, will more or less infra-red radiation be given off ?

More radiation will be given off

Can infra-red radiation travel through a vacuum ? Give an example

Yes it can. This is how we get energy from the sun

What are the 3 states of matter ?

Solid, liquid and gas

In a liquid, describe the arrangement of particles

Particles are in contact with each other but can move about freely and at random. This is why a liquid doesn't have a fixed shape and can flow

Which of these two's particles move at random faster ? Gas or liquid


Gas


In what state of matter does convection occur ?

Fluids, so liquids or gases

Define convection

Convection is the circulation of a fluid causes by heating it

How do we increase the rate of evaporation ?

-Increase the surface area the liquid


-Increase the temperature of the liquid


-Create a draught of air across the liquid's surface

How can we decrease the speed of condensation ?

-Decrease the surface area


-Increase the surface temperature

What is energy measured in ?

Joules (J)

True or false, a machine can be more than 100% efficient

False

How can you make a machine more efficient ?

Reduce the : friction, air resistance, electrical resistance and noise due to vibrations

Does efficiency have a ration ? Explain why

No it doesn't. This is because it is a ratio.

An electrical motor transfers 48kJ of electrical energy into kinetic energy in 2 minute. What is the useful power output of the motor ?




A-400


B-40


C-240

A- 400




48,000J / 120 seconds = 400W

How could you reduce your home energy bills ? Name 2 ways




(hint-think about the roof, windows, appliances)

-Buy newer, and more efficient appliance


-Buy loft insulation to stop air escaping through roof


-Ensure that the windows are double, or triple glazing

How much electrical energy is transferred when a 9kW shower is used for 15mins ?

2.25kw/h




9 x .25 = 2.25

What is tidal power ?

Tidal power is a form of hydropower that converts the energy obtained from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity

How does tidal power work ?

Water is trapped behind a barrage, then let back through the barrage and the water turns turbines and energy is produced

What are 2 advantages of using nuclear energy ?

-No production of pollution gases


-Reliable

By using some renewable energy resources, what can be affected ?

Plant and animal life can be affected

What is the mains voltage in homes and offices ?

It is 230V

What is a longitudinal wave made up of ?

Compressions and rarefactions

Name all waves on the electromagnetic spectrum

-Radiowaves

-Microwaves


-Infra-red radiation


-Visible light


-Ultraviolet


-X-rays


-Gamma rays





What is the longest wave on the electromagnetic spectrum ?

Radiowave

Define the doopler effect

A change in the frequency of a wave, either sound or light, occurring when the source is in motion, with the frequency increasing when the source approach the object and decreasing when they move apart.

What provides evidence that the galaxy is moving away from us ? Red-shift or blue-shift

Red-shift

If we looked a galaxy and saw a blue-shirt in light, would it be getting closer or further away from Earth ?

It would be getting closer

The further a galaxy is from us, the bigger or smaller the red-shift?

Bigger red-shift