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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Yalta Conference
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Date: 4-11 Feb-1945 Decisions Made: Division of Germany, Division of Berlin, UN was formally ratified, USSR gained land from Poland, Declaration of liberated Europe was agreed. |
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German Surrender |
Date: May 1945 |
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Potsdam Conference |
Date: 17 July- 1 August 1945 Decisions Made: Germany would be disarmed, De-Nazification of Germany would be carried out, Freedom of speech was to be restored, USSR was to receive 25% reparations from the western zones as well as its own. |
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Kennan's Long Telegram |
Date: Feb 1946 |
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'Iron Curtain' speech |
Date: March 1946 |
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Truman Doctrine |
Date: March 1947 This was a piece of diplomacy aimed to prevent the geographical spread of communism. |
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Marshall Plan |
Date: June 1947 This was the aid sent to Europe with the condition that some of it must be spent in importing US goods. |
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Final Communist regime is established in Czechoslovakia |
Date: Feb 1948 |
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Berlin Blockade begins |
Date: June 1948 |
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Berlin Blockade ends |
Date: March 1949 |
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Korean War begins |
Date: June 1950 Events: Communist North invade South, UN rendered every action to see the aggression by North Korea end. |
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Eisenhower becomes President |
Date: January 1953 |
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Stalin's Death |
Date: March 1953 |
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Korean War ends |
Date: July 1953 Events: A cease-fire was agreed, The 38th parallel was restored as the border. |
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Austrian State Treaty |
Date: May 1955 Decisions Made: Led to the withdrawal of all occupying states and agreed Austria would be a neutral state. |
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Warsaw Pact formed |
Date: May 1955 |
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1st Geneva Summit |
Date: July 1955 Outcomes: Khrushchev rejected the 'open skies' proposal, Khrushchev also rejected a reunified Germany as it would not be demilitarised. |
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Khrushchev denounces Stalinism |
Date: February 1956 Events: Khrushchev delivered a speech at the 20th party congress emphasising that foreign policy should shift from confrontation to coexistence. |
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Hungarian Revolution |
Date: October 1956 Events: A popular revolt was suppressed brutally by the USSR, Thousands were killed or put in exile. |
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Treaty of Rome |
Date: March 1957 |
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Paris Summit |
Date: May 1960 Events: Both sides wanted a deal over berlin, The Summit collapsed following the news that a U-2 spy plane had been shot down over the USSR |
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John F. Kennedy elected as President |
Date: 20 January 1961 |
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Berlin Wall begins to be built |
Date: August 1961 |
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Bay of Pigs Invasion and Operation Mongoose |
Date: 1961 Events: The CIA backed Cuban exiles in an attack with them landing on the Bay of Pigs which turned into a failure. Operation Mongoose was a plan to use covert operatives inside Cuba to destabilise the regime and facilitate an anti-Castro revolt. |
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Operation Anadyr |
Date: 1962 Events: Soviet Plan to deploy nuclear missiles to the island of Cuba. Weapons sent: 36 R-12 MRBMs, 24 R-14 IRBMs, 24 MRBM Launchers, 16 IRBM Launchers.
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Cuban Missile Crisis |
Date: 16-29 October 1962 Events: US discover nuclear missile sites on Cuba, Kennedy announces Quarantine of Cuba, Khrushchev decides to withdraw the missiles on 29 October. |
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JFK is assassinated |
Date: 22 October 1963 |
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Brezhnev becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
Date: 14 October 1964 |
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US Attacks on North Vietnam start |
Date: March 1965 |
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The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is opened for signature |
Date: 1 July 1968 |
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Warsaw Pact states invade Czechoslovakia |
Date: August 1968 |
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Nixon Becomes President and Détente becomes the new US foreign strategy |
Date: 20 January 1969 |
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Willy Brandt takes office as the leader of West Germany |
Date: 21 October 1969 |
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SALT I Talks |
Date: November 1969-May 1972 Agreements: ABM Treaty, Interim agreement on Measures with Respect to Strategic Offensive Weapons. |
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Beginning of Ostpolitik |
Date: August 1970 |
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Nixon meets with Mao Zedong |
Date: February 1972 |
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Nixon-Brezhnev Moscow Summit |
Date: May 1972
Events: The "Basic Principles" were agreed, Agreements made on cooperation in science and technology, The summit set out the guidelines for for American- Soviet relations. |
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Nixon-Brezhnev Washington Summit |
Date: June 1973 Events: The agreement on the prevention of Nuclear War was agreed. |
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3rd Soviet- American Summit |
Date: June- July 1974
Events: There was desire to keep SALT alive, Both sides reduced the number of ABM sites from 2 to 1. |
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Gerald Ford becomes President |
Date: 9 August 1974 Events: Ford become president following the resignation of Nixon because of the Watergate scandal. |
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Vladivostok Accord |
Date: November 1974 Events: 10 year plan framework was agreed which was seen as the preliminary move towards SALT II. |
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Helsinki Act is signed |
Date: August 1975 Agreements: Western European states should move from confrontation and promote coexistence with the Communist Bloc. |
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Carter becomes president of the US |
Date: 20 January 1977 |
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SALT II agreements are finalised |
Date: June 1979 Events: SALT II is finalised in Vienna summit, Banned new Missile Development. SALT II agreement was put on hold when the USSR invaded Afghanistan later on in the year. |
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Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan |
Date: 24 December 1979 Events: following the coup that overthrew the communist leader the USSR invaded Afghanistan to protect a threatened socialist state. |
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US trade embargo put on USSR |
Date: January 1980 |
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Death of Josip Broz Tito, Communist Leader of Yugoslavia |
Date: 4 May 1980 |
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Solidarity movement begins in Poland |
Date: Sept 1980 Events: A trade union that was not controlled by the communist party was founded at the Lenin Shipyard, Its membership reached 9.5 million before its September 1981 congress. |
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Ronald Reagan becomes President of USA |
Date: 20 January 1981 Significance: Reagan openly abandoned Détente, Believed the US should restore its military strength and return to conflict, Blamed previous administration for allowing the USA to be taken advantage of.
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US trade embargo lifted from the USSR |
Date: April 1981 |
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START I is proposed by Reagan
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Date: June 1982
Outcomes: A proposed of total warhead count on any missile type to 5000. It was signed in June 1991 with warheads limited to 6000 with 1600 launchers.
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Yuri Andropov becomes general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
Date: 14 November 1982 Events: Andropov becomes leader following the death of Leonid Brezhnev on the 10 November. |
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Reagan refers to the USSR as an ''Evil Empire'' |
Date: 8 March 1983 |
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Reagan announces SDI |
Date: 23 March 1983 Events: The Space Defence Initiative was pushed for by Reagan, This removed the mutual deterrence that had prevented nuclear war before 1983, Seen as giving USA first strike capability. |
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Kal 007 is shot down |
Date: 1 September 1983 |
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Gorbachev becomes leader of the USSR |
Date: 11 March 1985 |
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2nd Geneva Summit |
Date: November 1985 Outcomes: an agreed statement saying that ''a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought'', showing the importance of preventing such a war. |
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Reykjavik Summit |
Date: October 1986 Outcomes: Reagan and Gorbachev came away with nothing new agreed with the main argument coming from Gorbachev wanting the removal of the SDI programme. |
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Perestroika begins to re-develop the socialist system in the Soviet Union |
Date: January 1987 |
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Reagan-Gorbachev Washington Summit |
Date: December 1987 Outcomes: Signed the INF treaty, This was the most significant step taken by both USA and USSR to bring the arms race to an end. |
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Withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan begins |
Date: May 1988 |
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Reagan- Gorbachev Moscow Summit |
Date: May-June 1988 Outcomes: Reagan refers to his previous statement of USSR as being evil as ''it being in another era'' |
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Gorbachev 'New Thinking' Speech |
Date: 7 December 1988 Outcomes: In the speech Gorbachev emphasised the principles of states having freedom, Meant Eastern European states did not have to remain socialist. |
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George Bush Sr becomes President |
Date: January 1989 |
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USSR Communist rule ends in Poland |
Date: April 1989 |
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Democracy is introduced in Hungary |
Date: October 1989 |
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Collapse of the Berlin Wall |
Date: November 1989 |
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Iraq invades Kuwait, Starting the Gulf War |
Date: 2 August 1990 |
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Germany is reunited |
Date: October 1990 |
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Operation Desert Storm Begins |
Date: January 1991 |
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The Warsaw Pact is Dissolved |
Date: March 1991 |
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Slovenia and Croatia declare independence from Yugoslavia |
Date: June 1991 Consequences: Serbian minority mostly in Croatia do not want to lose links with Serbia, Conflict erupts in both states. |
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Dissolution of the Soviet Union |
Date: 26 December 1991 |
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Bosnia- Herzegovina declare independence from Yugoslavia |
Date: March 1992 Consequences: Conflict spread from Slovenia and Croatia to Bosnia- Herzegovina following the country declaring their independence. |
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UNTAC was formed in Cambodia |
Date: February 1992 Consequences: The UN was successful in managing national elections by May 1993, established a framework for democracy and stability. |
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UNOSOM was formed in Somalia |
Date: August 1992 Consequences: This provided a door to be opened for humanitarian relief, Did not make a full impact due to no central government in Somalia. UN withdrew in 1995 due to peacekeeping not being possible due to multiple military factions |
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Rwandan Genocide |
Date: April- June 1994 Events: 800,000 Tutsi's murdered by the Hutu's following the Rwandan presidents plane being shot down, UNAMIR failed to create a secure environment in Rwanda. |
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Sweden, Finland and Austria join the EU |
Date: January 1995 |
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Srebrenica Massacre |
Date: July 1995 Events: More then 8000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys were murdered in and around the town of Srebrenica. |
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Dayton Agreement |
Date: November 1995 Outcomes: The military conflict ended and the accompanying slaughter was stopped, Both parties did not achieve their main objectives, Both Serbs and Croats failed to break away from Bosnia-Herzegovina. |
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Fighting erupts in Kosovo between Serbs and Kosovo Albanians |
Date: February 1998 Events: The KLA fought against Yugoslav and Serb military forces, NATO began bombing to attempt to end persecution of Albanians by the Serb forces, A peace agreement was arranged in 1999. |
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UNAMET was formed in East Timor |
Date: June 1999 Consequences: Succeeded in organising elections and paved a way for independence. A scaled down peacekeeping force still remained after 2004. |
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UNOMSIL was formed in Sierra Leone |
Date: July 1999 Consequences: Had to evacuate due to poor preparation, led to development of UNAMSIL which was a larger military force which was more forceful, The mission in Sierra Leone was declared complete and successful in 2005. |
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9/11 Attacks on World Trade Center |
Date: 11 September 2001 |
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Operation Enduring Freedom was launched by the USA against Afghanistan |
Date: 7 October 2001 Consequences: Taliban regime was removed from power, Taliban was however regaining strength by 2003 and militants still remained, Military action had not ended by 2004. |
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US and British forces invade Iraq |
Date: March 2003 Outcomes: No WMD's found in Iraq, Saddam Hussein was captured in December. Controversy developed around the invasion as there was little evidence supporting weapons production taking place in Iraq. |
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Former Eastern Bloc countries join the EU (Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia) Cyprus and Malta join the EU |
Date: 1 May 2004 |
