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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do carbohydrates do? What are they made from?
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Provide us with energy. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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C6H12O6 is the formula for ... ?
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Glucose.
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What are simple sugars?
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Carbohydrates with only one unit of suger.
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What are complex carbohydrates?
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Carbohydrates made from long chains of simple sugar units bonded together.
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What are carbohydrate rich foods?
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Bread, potatoes, rice, and pasta.
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What do lipids do?
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They are the most efficient energy store in the body and an important source of energy in your diet.
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What are lipids made of?
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Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are made of three molecules of fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol. The fatty acids can vary, which causes some lipids to be solid fats and others to be liquid oils.
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What foods are rich in lipids?
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All the oils (such as olive oil and corn oil), butter, margarine, cheese, and cream.
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What are proteins used for?
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Building up cells and tissues in your body.
They are enzymes, which act as catalysts in the cells. They are the structural components of tissues such as muscles and tendons. They are hormones such as insulin. They are antibodies, which destroy pathogens and are part of the immune system. |
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What are proteins made from?
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Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. A protein molecule is made up of long chains of amino acids which are joined together by special peptide links.
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What foods are rich in protein?
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Meat, fish, pulses, and cheese.
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How are enzymes made form proteins?
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The long protein chains are folded into specific 3D shapes that enable other molecules to fit into the protein. The bonds that hold enzymes in these shapes are very sensitive to temperature and pH.
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
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The special shape where other molecules fit into the enzyme protein.
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What are enzymes involved in?
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Building large molecules.
Changing one molecule into another. Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones. |
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Why are biological detergents better than non-biological detergents?
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They use enzymes so work at a lower temperature and use a lot less energy. Therefore they are cheaper for the consumer and better for the environment.
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What are proteases used for in industry?
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They digest proteins. They can make baby foods by 'predigesting' some of the protein in the food since babies aren't very good at digesting food.
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What are carbohydrases used for in industry?
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They digest carbohydrates. They break down starch into glucose syrup. It is also important for the process of making fuel (ethanol) from plants.
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What is isomerase used for in industry?
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They change glucose syrup into fructose syrup. Glucose and fructose contain the same amount of energy but fructose is sweeter so less is needed to achieve the same sweetness.
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