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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Statistical infrequency |
Abnormality is defined as those behaviours that are extremely rare (any behaviour that is found in very few people is regarded as abnormal) |
Rare |
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Deviation from social norms |
Abnormality is seen as a devation from unstated rules about how someone should behave (anything that violates these 'rules' is considered abnormal) |
Social rules |
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Cultural relativism |
The view that behaviour cannot be judged properly unless it is viewed in the context of the culture in which it originates |
Judged by culture |
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DSM |
A list of mental disorders that is used to diagnose mental disorders. |
Lists |
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Deviation from ideal health |
Abnormality in terms of mental health, behaviours that are associated with happiness. Ideal mental health would include a positive attitude towards the self, resistance to stress and an accurate perception of reality |
Happiness |
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Failure to function adequately |
People are judged on their ability to go about daily life. If they can't do this and are also experiencing distress (or others are distressed by their behaviour) then it's considered a sign of abnormility |
Distress over daily life |
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Phobias |
A group of mental disorders characterised by high levels of anxiety in response to a particular stimulus or group of stimuli. The anxiety interferes with normal living |
Anxiety response |
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Depression |
A mood disorder- individuals feel sad and/or lacks interest in their usual activities. |
Mood disorder |
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Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) |
An anxiety disorder where anxiety arises from both obsessions and compulsions. The person believes the compulsions will reduce anxiety |
Anxiety disorder |
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Two-process model |
A theory that explains the two processes that lead to phobias- they begin through classic conditioning and are maintaining through operant conditioning |
Conditioning model |
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Flooding |
A form of behavioural therapy used to treat phobias. A client is exposed to an extreme form of their phobia under a relaxed condition until the anxiety is extinguished |
Extreme |
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Systematic desensitisation |
A form of behavioural therapy used to treat phobias. The client is gradually exposed to the phobia under relaxed conditions |
Gradual |
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ABC model |
A cognitive approach to understanding mental disorders, focusing on the effect of irrational beliefs on emotions |
Cognitive |
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Beck's negative triad |
Cognitive approach- focuses on how negative expectations (schema) about the self, world and future lead to depression |
Negative expectations |
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Schema |
A cognitive framework that helps organise and interpret information in the brain. A schema helps an individual to make sense of new information |
Cognitive framework |
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Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) |
A combination of cognitive (changing maladaptive thoughts and beliefs) and behavioural therapy (changing behaviour in response to these thoughts and beliefs.) |
?? |
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Irrational thoughts |
Rational thinking is flexible and realistic, where beliefs are based on fact and logic. Irrational thinking is rigid and unrealistic and lacks internal consistency |
Unrealistic thinking |
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Gene |
A part of the chromosome of an organism that carries information in form of DNA |
Chromosome |
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Neurotransmitter |
Chemical substance that play an important part in the workings of the nervous system by transmitting nerve impulses across the synapse |
Nervous system |
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Dopamine |
One of the key neurotransmitters in the brain, with effects on motivation and 'drive' |
Drive |
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Serotonin |
A neurotransmitter implicated in many different behaviours and physiological processes, including aggression, eating behaviour, sleep and depression |
Agression, sleep etc |
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GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) |
A neurotransmitter that regulates excitememt in the nervous system, thus acting as a natural form of anxiety reducer |
Anti-anxiety drug |
