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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The 2 Types of Immune Response
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Cellular - The T-Cells and other immune system cells that they interact with, e.g. Phagocytes
Humoral - B-Cells an the production of antibodies from the humoral response. |
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The Primary Response - Shows symptoms
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When a Antigen enters the body for the first time it is called the Primary response. It is slow, as there are little B-Cells able to make the antibody needed to bind to it. After being exposed both T- and B-cells produce memory cells that remain in the body for a long time.
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The Secondary Response - Doesn't show symptoms
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If the same pathogen enters the body again, the immune system will recognise it and produce a quicker, stronger response. Memory B-Cells divide into plasma cells to produce the correct antibody to the antigen. Memory T-Cells divide into the correct type of T-Cells to kill the cell carrying the antigen.
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Step 1 - Phagocytosis
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Phagocyte recognises antigens on a pathogen.
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Step 2 - Phagocytosis
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The cytoplasm of the phagocyte moves around the pathogen engulfing it.
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Step 3 - Phagocytosis
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The Pathogen is now contained in a phagocytic vacuole in the cytoplasm of the Phagocyte.
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Step 4 - Phagocytosis
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A Lysosome fuses with phagocytic vacuole, breaking down the pathogen with lysosomal enzymes.
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Step 5 - Phagocytosis
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The Phagocyte then presents the pathogens antigens on its surface to activate other immune system cells.
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T-Cells
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Its proteins on the surface bind to the antigens presented by the phagocytes, activating it. It will:
A) Release substances to activate B-Cells or B) Attach to antigens on a pathogen and kill the cell. |
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B-Cells
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When the antibody on the surface meets a complementary shaped antigen, it binds to it, activating it. When activated it divides into Plasma cells.
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Plasma Cells
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They are clones of B-Cells. They secrete a large amount of the antibody specific to the antigen.
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Plasma Cells - 2
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Secreted Antibody Functions include:
1) Coating the pathogen to make it easier to be engulfed by a phagocyte 2) Coating the pathogen to prevent it from entering host cells 3) Binding to it and neutralising toxins produced by the pathogen. |
