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73 Cards in this Set
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John Tyler
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a former Dem, but "turned" Whig after Froce Bill. Put on 1840 ticket to get southern vote.
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Became Pres in 1841, ousted by Whigs, No party
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1844
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Tyler sent treaty to Annex Texas, on last day in office, Annexed March 1845 under Polk
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Election of 1844
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Dem-not enough support for Van Buren, picked Polk (Won b/c of Whig split w/ Liberty party)
Whigs-Clay Liberty Party- James Birney |
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Dem party platform for 1844 election
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Reannex Texas and reoccupy Oregon
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Mexican War cause
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dispute over Texas boundary, Rio Grande or Nuesces River. Polk prokvoked attack. Zachery Tyler sent to "protect." John Slidell sent to negotiatie (refused).
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1846
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Opposition to Mex War
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from NE Whigs- but silenced b/c losing popularity and didn't want a Hartford Convention
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Spot Resolution
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Lincoln demanded Polk point to the spot on the map where the attack occurred that started Mex War.
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1846
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Bear Flag Revolt
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Cali rebelled and proclaimed independent
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End of Mex War
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Am won all the major battles and in 1847 captured Mexico city
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Wilmot Proviso
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1846
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an amendment to Mexican War Treaty, saying that slavery would be banned in Mexican Cession
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1848
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Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo
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U.S. got territory, but paid Mexican Claims so total vicotry was justified
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1848
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Gold discovered in American River, by James Marshall at Sutter's Mill
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Irrigation
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Utah and Mormons first Anglos to use
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1848
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Oregon Territory organized and outlawed slavery (confused Missouri Compromis)
1846- Split oregon between Br and Us at 49th |
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Election 1848
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(basically tried avoided Slavery)
Dem - Lewis Cass Whigs - General Zachery Tyler -just War hero--WIN Free Soil Party (made slavery a topic)- Van Buren |
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around 1850
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Mex Cession grew big enough for statehood- needed to be addressed => compromise of 1850
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Taylor's 1850 plan
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jump straight to states for New Mex and Cali, and Wilmot Proviso for both
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Clay's omnibus
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Cali is free, N mex split into 2 Utah and N Mex. popular sovereignty for both.
included harsher fugitive slave laws and ended DC slave trade |
defeated b/c the sections couldn't pass too much in one bill
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Stephen Douglas Compromise
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passed the different parts of the Omnibus in different bills instead of all at once. Took over because Clay exhausted+ill
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Zachery Taylor death
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1850- Filmore takes over
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1851
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Uncle Tom's Cabin published
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Election of 1852
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Dem -Pierce (used Young America expansion)--WIN
Whig - Scott (campaign of pro-Compromise) Free Soil Party |
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Southern Complaints in 1850
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wanted to promot industry fro southern self suffic
thought the north was making the South a Colony Afraid that new immigration would ruin their businesses |
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Young America
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spread democracy by annexation (imperialism). manifest destiny
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1853
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Gadsden Purchase- for southern RR
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Ostend Manifesto
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meeting w/ spain to buy Cuba- refused- vowed to get it by any means
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Stephen Douglas Kansas-Nebraska motivation
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to make Chicago the hub for RR of the north instead of St. Louis.
also the issue just arose |
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1854
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Kansas Nebraska Act
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created Kansas and Nebraska, with popular sovereignty for both. Repealed Missouri Compromise.
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1850's parties
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Jacksonian party system fell apart as sectional interests took precedent over party intereasts
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1854
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Know-Nothing Party (American Party)- Nativist anti-immigration anti-Catholic.
ended by 1856 |
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1854 1855 Kansas elections
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Missourians poured into voting booths to make it slave. tarnished idea of pop sov.
(series of constitutions made by pro or anti slavery) Made Kansas Code- limited free speech, fair elections and impartial juries |
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Election of 1856
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dem-Buchanan (b/c not associated w/ KaNe Act) WINN
Am party - Filmore Repub- Fremont- war hero - denounced slavery- repub started attacking Slave Power instead of slavery |
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Dred Scott
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1857-
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Afr Am cant be citizens
Missouri Comp is unconst. Congress didn't have the power to ban slavery in territories |
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Panic of 1857
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failing wheat prices, overxtended credit and RR
psychological effects bigger than econ and mostly affected north South blocked fed aid and used this to show their self sufic |
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Lecompton Constitution
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since anti slavery ppl boycotted elections- pro slavery convention -pro slavery constitution. Rejected by the House and by the Kansas people
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Lincoln Douglas debate
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for Illinois senate position- held debate 7 on slavery
both didn't believe in racial equal Douglas won the election |
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Freeport Doctrine
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stated by Stephen Douglas during debates - supported ideology of pop sov by saying the community will enforce whatever they believe, no matter the laws in place
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South in 1850's
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Slaves more expensive, land more scarce more free states in west
didn't make agri reforms or industrialization- stuck to cotton |
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1859
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Harper's Ferry- John Brown - spurred polarization
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1860 election
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north dem - Douglas
South dem - Breckenridge (support federal slave code) repub - Lincoln WIN Constitutional Union party- John Bell |
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Crittenden Ammendment
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extended 36 30 line of missouri compromise
not passed b/c no one liked it |
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December 1860
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South Carolina passed secession
deep south followed next Feb Named Jefferson Davis as president |
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Fort Sumter
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Lincoln tried to get supplies to the fort one of last of union in south, but south opened fire. 1st battle of civil war. When Lincoln called for reinforcements, 4 more southern states seceded
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1861
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Battle of Bull Run
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Also called Manassas
first major land battle of civil war confederate victory Showed the need for TOTAL WAR |
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Lincoln and boarder states
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Lincoln needed to get MD MO, and KY
And did moved troops into MD, waited for pop sentiment to sway in Kentucky, and secured MO after Battle of Pea Ridge |
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1863
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Virginia split into East and West
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George McClellen
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young commander of the Union Army.
but too cautious and did too much planning and training |
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Ulysses S. Grant
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commander in West
Amazing- used rivers and stuff to bust into south took over East once West was conquered to end the war |
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Union initial plan
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make a blockade by capturing major ports (river and ocean)
got N Orleans and Memphis After Virginia vs. Moniter ironclad standoff- Union naval supremecy |
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Confed Plan
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to just defend their territory
tried to get Euro aid- but they wouldn't recognize the confed b/c getting cotton from India, Egypt etc. |
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Consistent problem for Union in the EAst
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bad commanders that weren't capable
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Crittenden Resolution
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proposed that the civil war was just to preserve the union and constitution and not about slavery
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Confiscation Act
2nd confiscation act |
1861
1862 |
slaves who served in unions military were free
freed slaves of anyone who supported rebellion eh not effective |
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Jan 1 1863
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freed all slaves in confed states (not union)
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South and econ during civil war
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the independence forced South to diversify and invest in foodstuff and industry
-too little too late tho |
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South finances
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always a problem, couldn't get euro loans. inflation etc.
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South in total war
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since war mainly fought in south-hit very hard physically by total war and the destruction
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union finances
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had to pass income tax and excise taxes on everything to raise enough revenue
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Homestead Act
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1862
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granted 160 acres of land to anyone who settled and improved it for 5 years
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Rich Man's war
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a lot of civil war was evasion by the rich, and forcing the poor to fight while they sit back. gov contractors grew wealthy. speculation, stocks and dividends rose too
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Women
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made more opportunities for women, north and south, esp. in the workplace and in fields such as nursing or teaching. also volunteers for war efforts
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Lincoln imposed almost marshall law
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to keep down dissenters and punish them. suspended writ of habeas corpus
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NYC draft riots
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workers in the irish quarter rioted killing 105 ppl including lynching blacks and ransacking repub
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Soldiers' life
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very different from the farmer or urban worker
strict and overseen and etc. even though neither side was really that strict in effect Camps were also disease ridden\ hospitals awful and bored and corrupted morals |
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Hardening from war
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Civil war vets were hardened and increasingly isolated from civilian life style
They didn't fit back in and felt only fellow vets understood them |
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Spring 1863
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Looked promisingly for Lee, he had won a couple of major battles
decided to invade Penn (Gettysb) But now Lee was in union territory- failed assault. lots of casualties |
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1863
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Grant decided to abandon supply lines and live off othe confederate land. took over Miss R. split and divided the rest of confed
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1864
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b/c of Grants success in west , lincoln brought him east, making him lieutenant general.
William Sherman took over in West -causing as much destruction as possible |
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1864
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Grant invades Virginia and seizes Petersburg, while Sherman is outside of Atlanta.
Shemran took atlanta, took savannah and marched to N . Carolina |
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Election of 1864
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Repub Linconln WIN (b/c union victory right before election)
Dem- George McClellan -ran on peace platform |
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1865
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13th ammendment
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abolished slavery and compensated masters. except as punishment for crime
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April 1865
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Lee surrenders b/c only his Virginia army is left. and Grant was pursuing this army.
Rest of opposition fell apart in a week |
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April 1865
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Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
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