Apush Midterm Key Terms

Front 1

*King William’s War
Queen Anne’s War 4

Back 1

-the wars heightened Anglo-Americans' sense of British identity and made them feel dependent on the mother country for protection

Front 2

Jonathan Edwards 4

Back 2

- preached calvinism
-religious ferver
- shows enthusiasm and willingness for religion

Front 3

dominion of new england 4

Back 3

-1686
- combined 4 colonies to make- made in order to INCREASE ROYAL CENTRALIZATION- took away their power to elect
- governor=sir edmond andros
- aka: created by James II in order to increase his hold on the colonies and eliminate their colonial assemblies

Front 4

glorious revolution 4

Back 4

- after many bad leaders james II(?) fleed and william and mary took over (non violent overthrow)
- beginning of a limited monarchy
- gave americans confidence in england
- religious freedom for protestants

Front 5

leislers rebellion 4

Back 5

- people in mass were angered by the fact that there would still be royal control in their colony

Front 6

*mercantilism 4

Back 6

- export more than import
- made to improve economy in the colonies

Front 7

navigation acts 4

Back 7

- practiced MERCANTILISM
- resitricted foreign shipping which effected colonies economy
- required the colonies to ship all their tobacco, rice, and naval stores to England-MADE TO BENEFIT BRITISH ECONOMY
-difficult to enforce

Front 8

redemptioners 4

Back 8

- german immigrants shipped as indentured servants to america

Front 9

stono rebellion 4

Back 9

- a slave rebellion
- led to the creation of stricter slave codes

Front 10

board of trade 4

Back 10

- 1696 established to monitor american developments
- pretty loose- didnt enforce much

Front 11

enlightenment 4

Back 11

- values reason over religion
-attempted to come to a greater understanding of the universe- with science and reason
- ex american philosophical society

Front 12

english bill of rights 4

Back 12

- powers parliament

Front 13

deists 4

Back 13

- believes a supreme being created the universe but universe operated without divine interference
-ex. TJ

Front 14

great awakening 4

Back 14

- religious enthusiasm
- lessened the anglican church and royal rule
- ex. whitefield

Front 15

new lights v. old lights 4

Back 15

- OL- older denominations
ex. presbyterians
- george whitefield
- NL- new denominations (rationalists)
ex. methodists

the conflict pulled many poeple away from the church (the OL were denying the legal staus of the church)

Front 16

albany plan of union 5

Back 16

- a colonial confederation
- created so that all colonial assemblies could be represented
- american unity
- didnt work because no one wanted their power undermined
-

Front 17

*seven years war (aka french and indian war)5

Back 17

- 1758-1763
-French and Indian allies vs. Britain and Indian allies-BRITISH VICTORY
- created bonds between british and anglo americans because fighting for the same cause
-FRANCE LOST EMPIRE IN NORTH AMERICA

Front 18

pontiacs uprising 5

Back 18

- anti british movement because being treated as subjects not allies

Front 19

proclamation line of 1763/quebec act 1774 5

Back 19

- created to end anglo indian conflicts and restore colonial expansion by having england take control- COLONISTS COULDNT SETTLE PAST (roughly follow appalacian mt. range)
- ANGERED COLONISTS by lessening claims to land and greatly slowing expansion
- both LESSENED CLAIMS TO WESTERN LANDS

Front 20

writs of assistence 5

Back 20

- 1760
- search warrent allowing customs officials to searcgh any potential smuggling ships
-otis says- UNCONSTITUTIONAL and invaded privacy

Front 21

sugar act 1764 5

Back 21

1764
- raise money to help british and make colonies pay british debt
- raised colonies awareness of the new direction of imperial policies and their power
- external tax

Front 22

stamp act 5

Back 22

- INTERNAL TAX/DIRECT TAX
- on papered goods
- CONFLICT-created dispute between parliament and american over colonials political rights
- STAMP ACT CONGRESS- successful intercolonial meeting to discuess britans power
- demonstrates COLONIAL UNITY
- grenville
- patrick henry

-SONS OF LIBERTY- intimidated people with acceptable protests

Front 23

virtual representation 5

Back 23

- idea that colonies were virtually represented in british parliament because they are subjects
- used arguement against GRENVILLE with stamp act (grenville says NOT virtually represented)
- patrick henry urged to fight stamp act
- loyal nine and sons of liberty joined together to fight the stamp act

Front 24

declaratory act 5

Back 24

1766
-stamp act was revoked
- but affirmed parliamentary power to legistlate colonies in all cases

Front 25

townshend duties/act 5

Back 25

- CONFLICT- Imposed external taxes on colonies in order to increase parliaments power
- revenue would pay royal governors saleries- threatened colonial assemblies

Front 26

*nonconsumption/nonimportation 5

Back 26

- first continental congress
- a way to act against the british by not using products
- spinning bees-daughters of liberty
-nonimportation/boycotts hurt british buisness and got parliament to repeal the stamp act and towshend duties

Front 27

quartering act 1765 5

Back 27

- colonies had to pay for goods needed by soliders
- indirect tax

Front 28

boston massacre 5

Back 28

- 1770
-created COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE to exchange information of british policies and opposition to british
- shows british control
- american propaganda for british dissent
- John Adams served as a lawyer for soldiers tried for shooting civilians

Front 29

tea act 1773/ boston tea party 5

Back 29

1773
- even though TA was repealed taxes remained on tea
-threatend colonial representative government because revenue paid for royal governors
- boston tea party- action taken by americans in response to tax on tea-by SONS OF LIBERTY

Front 30

intolerable/coercive acts 5

Back 30

- angered colonies
- colonial response: first continental congress- decided to boycott all british goods
- final push to get most colonies to rebel for independence
-

Front 31

first continential congress 5

Back 31

- suffloke rsolves- decided colonists wouldnt listn to coercive acts- boycott all british goods

Front 32

*salutary neglect 5

Back 32

-

Front 33

*Lord Dunmore’s War 5

Back 33

-

Front 34

second continental congress 5

Back 34

- greatly influenced by "common sense"

-created olive branch petition
- steps toward war
- continental army was formed
- colonists were declared as rebellous

Front 35

thomas paine "common sense" 5

Back 35

- convinced many more colonists to no longer be loyal to britan
- created a big step toward american independence

Front 36

declaration of independence 5

Back 36

1776
- america declaring independence from britan
- britan is no longer meeting american needs
- primarily written by Thomas Jefferson

Front 37

loyalists v. rebels 6

Back 37

- loyal to britan-NY, NJ
- rebelling from britan
- shows american divisions

Front 38

battles/ places 6/ generals

Back 38

- saratoga- rebel victory
- valley forge- hard winter for rebels
- yorktown- cornwallis (brit) surrendered
- nathaniel greene- young american- good leader

Front 39

natural aristocracy 6

Back 39

- fittness for government through personal accomplishments not wealth (virtue over wealth)

Front 40

*peace of paris 6

Back 40

-britain recogonized american independence and evactuated all royal troops
- didnt solve all issues

Front 41

*"republican motherhood" 6

Back 41

*

Front 42

*northwest ordinance 6

Back 42

-PROVIDED PROCESS FOR NEW STATES TO JOIN THE UNOIN
-forbid slavery in the NW territory
- permitted citizens of a territory to elect legistlature and make their own laws

Front 43

shays rebellion 6

Back 43

- in response to tyranical MA government
- farmers couldnt pay their debts or taxes
- demonstrates weakness of AoC because national government wasn't able to raise a militia to suppress it

Front 44

3 conflicts at constitutional convention

Back 44

1. how to balance interests of small or large states
- ex. 3/5 clause
2. fear of centralized government
- federalists vs. antifederalists
3. whether to improve the AoC or replace with a new constitution that gave more power to the national government

Front 45

federalists vs. antifederalists 6

Back 45

- fed- thinks constitution is a balance betweeen national and state government
-anti- thinks constitution failed to balance power of national and states gov (reflects fear of centralized power)
- forced federalists to create a bill of rights for the constitution

Front 46

*the ordinance of 1785 6

Back 46

established equality of new states with old.

Front 47

development of eglaitarianism among white males in 1770s 6

Back 47

- war forced gentry to respoect orginary folk
- social status depended on ability rather than wealth or family

Front 48

link between revolution and slavery? 6

Back 48

- establishes process by which slavery could EVENTUALLY be stopped

Front 49

judicicary act of 1789 7

Back 49

-developed a system of lower federal courts for each state

Front 50

*bill of rights 7

Back 50

- first 10 amendments- key role by james madison
-speech, press, religion, assemble, bear arms, etc.

Front 51

11th amendment 7

Back 51

*- 1798

Front 52

*report on public credit 7

Back 52

- 1790
- alexander hamilton?
- concentrate americas debt in the national gov
- attract wealthy people to invest in america.
-Supported the new federal government and the extension of their powers
- attracted Europeans to invest in US bonds

Front 53

strict vs. loose interpretation of constitution 7

Back 53

national bank issue
- TJ- strict- feareed excessively concentrated economic and political power
- AH- loose- believes congress should be able to enact all measures "necessary and proper"
- national bank= loose interpretation

Front 54

whiskey rebellion 7

Back 54

- tax on whiskey for national governments revenue
- causes many people to rebel
- relfects regional and class tensions
- taguht that violent opposition would not be tolerated

Front 55

*impressment 7

Back 55

- forced enlistment of british crew men on american ships
- took US citizens that the british did not vie right to adopt US citizenship
- americans were upset by gov. for its willingness to defend its citizens

Front 56

*jays treaty 7

Back 56

-didnt work
- DID NOT PROTECT NATIONS TRADING RIGHTS
left britain free to violate neutrality and ruin profitable commerce by restricting US trade with France
- ended British occupation in US
- help increase American trade exports with Britain
- AVOIDED WAR at that time

Front 57

*XYZ affair 7

Back 57

- the french gov tried to bribe the US as a price for negotiating
-anti french sentiment and patriotism
- citizen genet- supposed to increase US support of France in war (even though US declared neutrality)-

Front 58

washingtons farewell 7

Back 58

- warned citizens to avoid political connection with europe
- dont discriminate too much against one nation

Front 59

*alien and sedation acts 7

Back 59

- MAIN GOAL=silence and punish critics (republicans)of the Federalists
- feds thought war could break at any time

- alien acts= secure nation against foreigners with dangerous acts
- sedation act= distinguish between freedom of speech and attempts at encouraging others to violate fed laws or overthrow gov

Front 60

VA and KY resolutions 7

Back 60

- STATE CAN PROTECT ITS PEOPLE FROM ANY FEDERAL UNCONSTITUTIONAL LAW
- challenced the jurisdiction of fed courts
- demonstrated potential for disunion
-attacked alien and sedation acts
- written by madison and jefferson

Front 61

fugitive slave law of 1793 7

Back 61

1793
- return all escaped slaves
- makes a departure from when whites and blackers were movng toward equality

Front 62

gabriels rebellion 7

Back 62

- confirmed whites fear that a black rebellion could occur on american soil
- lighter enforement on slaves for fear of rebellion

Front 63

*indian non-intercourse act 7

Back 63

- indians moved to tiny reseravations
- NA forced to give up land and culture

Front 64

handsome lake 7

Back 64

- traditional vs. new ways
- NA spiritual revival

Front 65

eli whitney 7

Back 65

- created the cotton gin which increased the need to slave and furthered the institution of slavery

Front 66

ideas about men and women equality 7

Back 66

- matrimonial republican- obedience between husband and wife should be mutual
- judith sargent murray- said genders were equal- wanted women to educate themselves
- mercy otis warren- men and women should but dont have equal opportunities

Front 67

Judiciary Act 1801 8

Back 67

- threatened jeffersons opportunity to appoint a justice

Front 68

marbury vs. madison 1803 8

Back 68

1803
- first time the spreme court was able to void an act of congress as "unconstitutional"

Front 69

lewis and clark expedition 8

Back 69

- after Louisana purchase
- mapped and explored unmarked territory
- enabled to gain knowledge of the new louisana territory
- with the help of sacajawea

Front 70

twelth amendment 8

Back 70

- seperate distracts for president and vice president canidates

Front 71

*era of good feelings/ misnomer? 8

Back 71

- 1817-1825
- destruction of federalist party- republican party took some of their ideals
- divisions
- election of 1824- corrupt bargain

Front 72

chesapeake affair 8

Back 72

- asserted british right to sized desseters off US navy ships

Front 73

*non-intercourse acts 8

Back 73

- replaced embargo ac
- opened trade to all nationals except france and britan until they stopped violating neutral rights

Front 74

american system 8

Back 74

- henry clay- wanted to make nation economically self sufficient and free from europeans dependence
- internal improvements
- tariffs
-

Front 75

tecumseh and the prophet/battle of tippocanoe 8

Back 75

-worked to stop american expansion
- battle of tip (NA lost) convinced tucumseh to ally with british in order to stop american expansion

Front 76

*treaty of ghent- 1814 8

Back 76

- ended war
- put things back to the way they were pre-war (nothing changed)
- neutral rights were no longer an issue because no longer war in europe

Front 77

*hartford convention 1815 8

Back 77

- met to assert states rights
- fed. convention- couldn't gain enoguh support because no longer issues to argue because the war of 1812 was over
-END OF FEDERALISTS AS A NATIONAL FORCE

Front 78

dartmouth collge v. woodward/ mcCulloch v. maryland 8

Back 78

- marshalls decisions stripped state govs power to impose the will of the people on corporations
-backed the rights of federal courts to declare acts of congress unconstitutional

Front 79

*MO compromise 1820 8

Back 79

- MI enters as slave- (before caused controversy because of inbalance of slavery)
- M enters as free
- settles border dispute between texas and NM in favor of NM
- fugitve slave act
- ends slave trade in DC
- MI compromise line- slavery in south, no slavery in the north
-MANY BELIEVE FAVORED SOUTH
- FORSHADOWS FUTURE N AND S CONFLICT

Front 80

*rush-bagot treaty 1817 8

Back 80

- restricted the number of ships the US and Britain could have in the great lakes

Front 81

adams onis treaty(transcontinental treaty) 1819

Back 81

-US recieves florida
-left US free to purchase interests in oregon
- JQA

Front 82

louisiana purchase 8

Back 82

- nearly doubled the size of the US (for cheap)
- increased manifest destiny

Front 83

*high federalists 8

Back 83

opposed the ratification of the constitution
aoc=loose central gov

Front 84

*embargo act 1817 8

Back 84

- prohibited exports in amer. stopped imports
- created in attempt to make Brit and France support American neutrality

Front 85

peaceable coercion 8

Back 85

- us hopes to make nations respect american neutrality by restricting british and french trade with US

Front 86

*war of 1812 8

Back 86

- NE states were increasinly unhappy with the war
- battle of new orleans- after war but increased nationalism
- war ended with treaty of ghent- returned things to prewar conditions
- hartford convention met in response to war of 1812- but war was over and couldnt get support- SEEN AS TRAIDERS- END OF FED PARTY
- ANDREW JACKSON=WAR HERO at new orleans

Front 87

*monroe doctrine 1823 8

Back 87

- foundation of US foreign policy- TELLING EUROPE TO STAY OUT!
- by keeping open options to annex territory in america's used doctrine to position in new world
- JQA

Front 88

Joint stock Company 2

Back 88

-financed the virginia settlement by having many people in england buy a share in the colony so it could make money for its investors

Front 89

Anabaptists 2

Back 89

-

Front 90

Indulgences 2

Back 90

-pardons granted for sins by preists
-could be bought
-shows corruption in church- wanted money

Front 91

Puritans 2

Back 91

- believed in predestination
- calvinists
- beliefs appeal to many small farmers, merchants, shopkeepers, artisans
- LIMIT CHURCH MEMBERSHIP TO SELECT FEW WHO WENT THROUGH CONVERSION EXPERIENCE

Front 92

Slave Trade 2

Back 92

-first NA and indentured servants- needed for sugar cane labor
- blacks are the best because property, skill as planters, immune to diseases
-by 1710s blacks outnumbered whites in SC

Front 93

Colombian Exchange 2

Back 93

- interection between NA and Europeans
- traded goods and food which inluenced each others cultures
- diseases
- animals (ex horses)
- EXCHANGE INFLUENCED EACH CULTURE GREATLY

Front 94

Champlain 2

Back 94

-established important posts and trading network

Front 95

Quebec 2

Back 95

-est. 1608 by france
-by champlain (fur trade guy)

Front 96

Roanoke 2

Back 96

- colony establishd 1585
- poor relations with NA
- colony found after being burned with the word croatoan carved into a tree
- colony was a failure

Front 97

Jamestown 2

Back 97

-englands second attempt to establish a colony
-considered to be first successful English colony
-first year-ill prepared for surival- relied on NA
-john smith's policy's helped second year
-tobacco saved colony

Front 98

John Smith 2

Back 98

- settler of jamestown- taken by NA
- led jamestown to better survival- "no work no food" inflicted the needed discipline in order to make colony successful

Front 99

Mayflower Compact 2

Back 99

-signed by men aboard the mayflower
- declared support for king james
- created a gov to establish rules for the colony

Front 100

Plymouth 2

Back 100

-1620- pilgrims- children were becoming too dutch in NL
-interacted with 2 NA (squanto,

Front 101

Roger Williams 3

Back 101

-dissenter- dissented from "a city upon a hill" believed Europeans didnt own land because didnt buy it from NA
- called for the separation of church and state
- established providence RI with religious toleration

Front 102

Anne Hutchinson 3

Back 102

-dissenter- challenged the authority of ministers and placed on trial
- banished from colony for beliefs against what was accepted

Front 103

Town meeting house 3

Back 103

-

Front 104

Half-Way Covenant 3

Back 104

-created because too few 2nd and 3rd generation puritans were willing to testify publically about their conversion experience

Front 105

“praying towns” 3

Back 105

-

Front 106

King Phillip’s War 3

Back 106

- english continued to expand onto NA land
- attacked by NA
- english retaliated- alliances with NA
- ENDED NA RESISITENCE TO ENGLISH EXPANSION

Front 107

Bacon’s Rebellion 3

Back 107

- conflict between former indentured servants and large land owners
- causes: growing gap between rich and poor, drop in the price of tobacco, increased concern over conflict with NA
-NA attacted encroaching white settlers
- SETTLERS (led by bacon) ATTACKED BACK
-DECREASED RELIANCED ON INDENTURED SERVANTS- INCREASED BLACK SLAVE LABOR

Front 108

Maryland Act of Religious Toleration 3

Back 108

-

Front 109

John Locke 3

Back 109

- enlightenment thinker
- ideas later helped in rebellion against Britain
- people have right to overthrow government if it exceeds its powers

Front 110

Quakers 3

Back 110

-believed in "inner light"
- egalitarian approach to others and worship- gave women a voice in church and some decisions

Front 111

Pueblo Revolt 3

Back 111

-

Front 112

Headright System 3

Back 112

- created to increase amount of indentured servants to jamestown
- awarded land for anyone willing to pay for a servants passage
- most were men- many came for the economic opportunity

Front 113

Pequot War 3

Back 113

-NA resisted English expansion
- colonists attacked pequot village
- ended pequot resistence to english expansion

Front 114

Proprietary colony 3

Back 114

-

Front 115

articles of confederation

Back 115

- did not have much centralized power
- weaknesses= hard for gov to raise money through taxes and duties

Front 116

*Report on Manufactures, 17907

Back 116

-

Front 117

*Neutrality Proclamation7

Back 117

-

Front 118

*“Mad Anthony” Wayne/ battle of fallen timbers7

Back 118

-scored a victory with NA that opened ohio to white settlement and won a promise by the british to evacuate forts in the NW territory
-battle- wayne scores victory

Front 119

*Pinckney’s Treaty7

Back 119

-granted US free access MI river and New Orleans
-great success

Front 120

*Treaty of Greenville 7

Back 120

- defeated NA gave land to US
-US received most of ohio and parts of Indiana
- established US as dominant nation in the region
- US accepted NA soverignty over lands not ceded

Front 121

*National Gazette 7

Back 121

-

Front 122

*Election of 1796 7

Back 122

-adams (fed) won but jefferson became vp

Front 123

*Quasi-War with France 7

Back 123

-xyz affair
- dr continued to sympathize with france
- alien and sedition acts
-

Front 124

Barbary Pirates 8

Back 124

-from north africa

Front 125

Judicial review 8

Back 125

-

Front 126

John Pickering and Samuel Chase 8

Back 126

-

Front 127

election of 1804 8

Back 127

-

Front 128

high federalists 8

Back 128

-

Front 129

“peaceable coercion” 8

Back 129

-

Front 130

Macon’s Bill #2 8

Back 130

-

Front 131

*james oglethorpe 4

Back 131

- wanted to outlaw slavery and prevent plantations
- hoped Georgia would be a safe haven for english debtors
- and a barrier to spanish expansion northward

Front 132

tories and whigs 6

Back 132

-whigs=opponents of jackson (assosiated with democracy)

Front 133

battle of saratoga 6

Back 133

-

Front 134

general charles cornwallis

Back 134

-

Front 135

battle of yorktown 6

Back 135

-ended the revolutionary war

Front 136

peace of paris 6

Back 136

-

Front 137

benjamin banneker 6

Back 137

-

Front 138

phillis wheatley 6

Back 138

-

Front 139

"camp followers" 6

Back 139

-

Front 140

deborah sampson 6

Back 140

-

Front 141

"faction" 6

Back 141

-

Front 142

entails and primogeniture 6

Back 142

-

Front 143

statue for religious freedom 6

Back 143

-

Front 144

articles of confederation and perpetual union 6

Back 144

-provided for land ordinances
-key philosophy=states rights
- problems: gave a lot of power to the STATES
- didnt unite the states

Front 145

newburgh conspiracy 6

Back 145

-

Front 146

ordinance of 1785 6

Back 146

-established a system for dividing the selling public land
-goal:raise revenue- didnt really achieve

Front 147

jay-gardoqui treaty 6

Back 147

-

Front 148

annapolis conference 6

Back 148

-

Front 149

"the federalist" 6

Back 149

-

Front 150

VA and NJ plans 7

Back 150

- plans were too weak and didnt work
- conneticut compromise- hybrid between 2 plans....favored large and small states....2 branches...house of reps and senate

Front 151

federalists vs. democratic-republicans 7

Back 151

-fed=adams, hamilton
-loose interp.
-strong central gov
-dr=jefferson and madison
-strict interp.
-state gov.