Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
148 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Whisky Rebellion
|
* 1794
* federal exise tax by Hamilton on whisky and distilleries * farmers attacked tax collectors * crisis for Washington and young government * PA militia nationalized and Hamilton marched in and put down rebellion * Significance: Wash and Hamilton officially declarisng support of whisky tax, Wash applauded for strength of federal gov and enforcement of laws, Ham wanted to flex muscles |
|
|
Battle of Fallen Timbers
|
* 1794
* Anthony Wayne versus Little Turtle * 3000 American versus 1500 Indians * concluded by Treaty of Greenville |
|
|
Treaty of Greenvile
|
* concluded Battle of Fallen Timbers
* opened up Ohio River Valley |
|
|
Public Land Act of 1796
|
land sold at resonable prices
slowly new states added to Union: VT (1791) KT (1792) TN (1796) |
|
|
proclomation of neutrality
|
* 1793
* precedent for US foreign policy for the century * US wouldnt take sides in Europe in French Revolution * Jefferson resigns because of this * strenthens federalist/anti-federalist rivalry |
|
|
Jays Treaty
|
* 1794
* John Jay prez of Supreme court * sent to GB for impressment and indian raids encouraged |
|
|
Pinkney's Treaty
|
* 1795
* border between US and Florida * opens up port of New Orleans for US Use |
|
|
Sedition Acts
|
public could not speak/write against gov officials
|
|
|
Alien Act
|
1798
restricted immigration from 5 to 14 years to become citizen exiled if went against above |
|
|
Nullification crisis
|
* Jefferson and Madison decide to test constitutionality of Alien and Sedition Acts
* 1798/9 * nullification- state could ignore federal laws that run contrary to state's interests * Jefferson- Kentucky Resolutions * Madison- Virginia resolutions |
|
|
XYZ Affair
|
* Adam takes reps to France for their impressment
* 1797 * under Talleyrand demand bribes * "millions for defense not one cent for tribute" * American ties to France are broken |
|
|
Burr
|
* runs as Democratic Republican in 1801
* tries to convince NY to leave the US in 1804 * shoots Hamilton and kills him in a duel * 1806 attempts to get Louissiana to cecede- but his plot is discovered |
|
|
Judiciary Act of 1800
|
* created 16 new deferal judgeships
* Adams left Federalist stamp * came to be known as midnight appointees |
|
|
Marbury Vs. Madison
|
* 1801
* Jefferson orders secretary of state James Madison to not deliver letters of appointment to Marbury * Marbury sues Madison for not delivering letter of official job * brought to supreme court * John Marshal dismisses case and rules in favor of Madison, as Jefferson would ignore him anyway, but asserts its the federal court gets to decide matters like this |
|
|
expeditions of Merywether Lewis and William Clark
|
1803-6
* Oregon and back again * helped by Sacajowia * establish trade for 1000's of settlers and Oregon Trail |
|
|
Barbary Pirates
|
* stationed in Med Sea
* demanding tributes from American merchants to travel and trade in Med * paid * LIbyan pirate leader enters Tripoli and cuts down American fald and seized hostages |
|
|
Tripolitan War
|
1801-5
*Barbary Pirate leader entered Tripoli (US embacy in the Med) * Jeff established makeshift nacy and defeats pirates in this first marine international issue * in treaty we pay 50,000 for release of hostages and peace |
|
|
Chesapeake Incident
|
1807
* Brit officer claims there are deserters from the Brit navy on the USS Chesapeake * US refuses to let them board so Brits shoot cannons then get on and seize some sailors * cause for war * Jeff says US not ready for war so pushes embargo of 1807 |
|
|
What was the order of embargoes before the War of 1812?
|
Embargo of 1807
Non Intercourse Act(1809) Macon's Bill #2 |
|
|
What is Jeffersonian Democracy/Era's time period?
|
1801-1817
|
|
|
Treaty of Ghent
|
1814
ended war of 1812 * British invasion of New Orleans already undergone which Jackson won * tired of fighting * searights issue not acknowledged * Canada left in British Hands * rise of nationalism |
|
|
Hartford Convention
|
1814
* Connecticut * NE * secessionalists/federalists * expected British to seize New Orleans * asked for financial aid for New England cuz they were ship builders- blockade hurt the economy * victory at New Orleans quelled the movement * begining of the end of the federalist party |
|
|
Eerie Canal
|
* state funded
* NY gov Dewitt Clinton’s “big ditch” * through break of Adirondacks * constructed 1817-1825 |
|
|
American System
|
Henry Clay
-protective tariff (1816) -powerful national bank: legislation about to expire -nationally funded internal improvements (fails) |
|
|
tariff of 1816
|
* financial patriotism after War of 1812
* Americans bought with their spirit- US made goods * during war of 1812 factories with in America grew * not getting goods from Britain then * entrepreneurs feared GB would sell their goods at lower prices so they passed the tariff of 1816 * protective * helped merchants * S and W supported it because it was for the good of the whole country |
|
|
Fletcher V Peck
|
Marshall Court
1810 * Georgia could not pass a law invalidating a private contract |
|
|
Dartmouth College v Woodward
|
1819
Marshall Court * New Hampshire trying to change Dartmouth from private to Public * unconstitutional |
|
|
Macallon v Maryland
|
1819
Marshal Court * Maryland tried to tax local branch of BUS “ the power to tax is the power to destroy” resentment from Panic of 1819 |
|
|
Gibbons v Odges
|
1821
Marshall court * trade across stae lines * NYC steamboat |
|
|
Russ-Bogot Agreement
|
1817
* Calls for limiting arming on Great Lakes of US and GB * later extended to border undefended |
|
|
Treaty of 1818
|
US and GB
* shared fishing rights off coast of New Foundland * settled N border of Louisianna territory * firm US/Canada border established at 49 N latitude * joint occupation of Oregon territory for 10 years |
|
|
Jackson's Florida War
|
1817-1819
* launching point for raids from seminal Indians/ pirate/runaways * Spanish don’t have much control * many independence movements - above all excusese for Jackson to invade: comissioned by Monroe * goes beyond when burning/hanging * Congress fears he is starting war with Britian (Spain's ally) |
|
|
Adam's-Onis Treaty
|
1819
* part of Florida inquision * US buys FL for 5 M * firm borders * Spain gives up land claims in Oregon territory |
|
|
Monroe Doctrine
|
* Brits urged US to join them in a declaration stating no EURO nations couls increase presence in LA
* JQA urges Monroe to declare it to Congress * Euro angered Brits would back US |
|
|
issues of 1824?
|
Bus
Tariff Sectionalism |
|
|
Corrupt Bargain
|
-controversial
-1824 -JQA versus Jackson -all candidates democratic republicans -Henry Clay/Jackson/Adams/Crawford -House of reps had to decide *Crawford heart attack * Clay and Adams ally- so he could be secretary of state |
|
|
Henry Clay
|
-Jacksonian era
-speaker of house of republicans - W hero -American system |
|
|
problems under JQA
|
1824
sectionalism ruined era of good feelings election ruined nationalism tariffs/panic |
|
|
spoils system
|
Jackson
- beurocrats replaced with his own men - many of his cabinet not able to job effectively so used kitchen cabinet |
|
|
Tariff Nulification crisis
|
- tariff rates of 1820's high from 1816
- Brits buying less and South paying more - Webster Hayne Debate - dinner party 1832 - force bill then quenched by Clay - 1828 "tariff of abominations" - Calhoun wrote South Carolina Exposition for nullification of tariff - 1832 tension higher - Peggy Eaton Affair (Jackson fires Cabinet) |
|
|
Webster-Hayne Debate
|
1832
-Daniel Webster introducing bill into the senate calling for limiting of W land sales (NE saw expansion a threat) - Hayne of SC opposed bill questions loyalty of N, Harftord Convention, switches issue to the tariff) - Webster defends N supremacy of federal gov (copied into speeches) |
|
|
Dinner party
|
Jackson
1832 Calhoun quits ("liberty most) Ordinance of Nullification then written leading to force bill |
|
|
Divorce Bill
|
1839
VAn BUren ignored seperates federal money from investment/private - congress repeals in 1840 |
|
|
Adams-Onis Treaty
|
1818
from Spain giving up claims in Oregon Territory |
|
|
Battle of San Jacinto
|
1836
-Houston's smaller army defeated Santa Anna during Siesta -abducted Santa Anna and got him to say all land N of Rio Grande ind as Texas - Lone Star Republic created |
|
|
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
|
1847
ended Mexican War -Rio Grande Texan Border -US gained Mexican cecession (CA;NM;AZ;UT;NV) for 15M -controversial in senate leading to Wilmont Proviso |
|
|
Wilmont Proviso
|
1836
all lands gained in cecession after Mexican War would have no slavery pushed through house but not senate-expansionist Democrats wanted all of Mexico |
|
|
Ostend Manifesto
|
1842
-South sought land for plantations in Latin America and more slave states -Polk offerred Spain 100 M for Cuba but was rejected -small civilian journeys failed to overthrow Cuba -1842 Pierce sent reps to Belgium -press leaked it and North outraged so went away |
|
|
Gadsen Purchase
|
18553
-Pierce puts through arrangement to buy land in present day S New Mexico so railroad could be built -paid 10 M dollars - so didnt have to go through rockies |
|
|
MIssouri Compromise of 1820
|
-Missouri first state in LA purchase to ask for admission
-solution to make MS a slave state -Maine created out of Mass to make another Free state -no more slavery allowed before Southern border -30 year makeshift solution |
|
|
Compromise of 1850
|
-gaining of Mexican cession questioned extension of slavery and balance
-gold rush of 1849 caused population skyrocket -CA wanted statehood in 1850 but South believed it was below border so should not be let in as free(clever)if was admitted though S spoke of cession - Henry Clay/Steven Douglas: *CA Free *NM and UT pop sov *fugitive slave law stricter * no more slave trade in DC * part of TX to fed gov |
|
|
Figitive Slave Act of 1850
|
-South to claim runaway slaves in N without trial by jury
-bounty hunters+citizens demanded of cooperation+paid less if found free=legalized kidnapping -liberty laws |
|
|
Impending Crisis of the South
|
Hinton Rowan Helper
1850's |
|
|
Nat Turner
|
-1831 failed slave revolt in VA (slave who thought the moon told him)
-killed 55 whites in uprising then 100's of blacks were killed in reaction (made examples of them scared of 9:1 ratio) |
|
|
Kansas Nebraska Act/Bleeding Kansas
|
settlers in KS and NB
-1854 Douglas pushed Act championing popular sovereinty -pierce recognized missouri's gov in KS to recognize pro-slavery |
|
|
John Brown
|
-white abolitionist
-raid into KS where him and sons killed five slave owners then escalated to 200 (bloody kansas)(mini-civil war) -1859 raid against federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry in VA -slave revolt ended by Robert E. Lee there John brown became a maurder when hung |
|
|
Dred Scott vs. Stanford Case
|
1857
-Scott taken by master North and sued for peace -Fergusen appealed to supreme court and Chief Justice Roger Tanery ruled -decided that slavves property w/out rights; taken anywhere; no black ever citizen; fed gov no right to regulate slavery in MS -nullified compromises! |
|
|
Free Port Doctrine
|
Douglas
pop sov brought up in lincoln douglas debate |
|
|
Army of the Potomac
|
General McDowell
marches towards Richmond, VA in begining of war intercepted by confederates at Manassas Junction (Bull Run) |
|
|
1st battle of bull run
|
-McDowell's plan too complex and intercepted by RR and Thomas "stonewall" Jackson's valiant Virginians
- leads to McClellan being head of Union |
|
|
Antietam Campaign
|
-Lee plans to invade N to threaten N into quitting and get Euro to join
-Lees plans found by scouts -mclellans plans to ambush converge at Antietam creek Lee slinks away but Mcclellan fails to pursue |
|
|
Emancipation proclomation
|
Sep 1862
|
|
|
Battle of Chancellorsville
|
Hooker replaced Burnsides
feint towards Frederickburd Jackson killed union retreats |
|
|
Election of 1864
|
McClellan runs as Democrat on the "peace platform"
Republicans run as "union party" lincoln wins electoral * war to continue due to Sherman's capture of Atlanta |
|
|
Proclomation of Pardon and Reconstruction
|
10% plan
Lincoln -1865 -Southerners would swear loyalty - reached 10% then state readmitted -Radical republicans rejected it *TN;AR;LA all reached 10% but radicals ignored them |
|
|
Wade-Davis Bill
|
1865
Radical reconstruction's initial plan -majority of those that voted in 1860 had to swear loyalty -"ironclad"-deny they ever were disloyal - impossible due to death toll though -Lincoln pocket vetoed it |
|
|
13th amendment
|
slavery abolished
|
|
|
13th amendment
|
abolish slavery
|
|
|
14th amendment
|
1866
black citizenship and equal protection under the law |
|
|
Military Reconstruction Act
|
1866
-divides South into 5 districts (except tenesse who ratified 14th amendment) -VA(1);NC/SC(2);deep south(3);MS/AR(4);TX(5) -union general in charge of each district to monitor treatment of blacks and have complete judicial case deciding power(marshall law) -1860 "ironclad" -constitution with 14th amendment and black male suffrage -Samuel Chase helped out |
|
|
Army Act
|
1866
limited president's control over army so he would not interfere with military recosntruction |
|
|
Tenure of Office Act
|
1867
-forbade president from firing cabinet member -Johnson tried to fire Edwin Stanton (extreme repub from Lincoln sec of War) -attempt of impeachment after this |
|
|
Scalawag
|
S republicans
"traitors" |
|
|
carpet bagger
|
N went S
investment/buisness men mercenaries/teachers |
|
|
15th amendment
|
universal male suffrage
|
|
|
union league
|
republican organization to ensure black rights
|
|
|
Force Acts of 1870/1
|
-US military involved to stop raids against S blacks
-underground harassment still continues though |
|
|
Freedman's Bureau
|
congress made it in 1865
-food/shelter/aid -3000 schools -hundreds of thousands to read |
|
|
Election of 1868
|
Repub Grant
-war pop= victory -new black vote for him |
|
|
Fisk Gould
|
scandal under Grant
-Grant's b-i-l to stop treasury release of gold and sold it at profits -treasury released it and market flooded leading to a black friday |
|
|
Credit Moblier
|
Transcontinental rr around MS
Union Pacific hired by gov -padded the bill -hired themselves Credit moblier -hush money to congressmen -Grant's vp covered it up |
|
|
Whisky Ring
|
tax collecters defrauded
kickbacks from liquor industry |
|
|
Election of 1872
|
-grants scandals but ran anyway
-Dem run Horace Greely (newspaper) -grant wins |
|
|
end of reconstruction
|
1876 deal
-Tilden wins pop vote -votes in SC;LA;Fl disputed he only needed on electoral vote to win -corrupt said Hays won in all three -voter fraud -black freedoms rolled back in S and North would turn blind eye if Hays president |
|
|
Transcontinental railroad
|
-completed 1869
-Union Pacific met Central Pacific in Prometary Point Utath |
|
|
modern technology during guilded age
|
light bulb
linotype-newspaper press typewriter |
|
|
Horatio Alger
|
rags to riches novels in guilded age
|
|
|
KOL
|
1869
Terrance Powderly -fought for 8 hour workday -health and safety reg -limits on child labour -SKILLED AND UNSKILLED -NEGOTIATIONS -HAY MAKRKET RIOT |
|
|
AFL
|
American Federation of Labour
Euriya Stephens -SKILLED -different craft unions -local needs - 8 hour work day/6day week/higher wage/conditions/compensation -COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND STRIKES |
|
|
Hay Market Riot
|
Chicago 1886
downfall of the KOL 3 days peaceful then asked to dispense -bomb thrown by anarchists and killed 7 cops/4 protestors |
|
|
Homestead Strike
|
Homestead, Pa 1892
-iron/steel/tin workers protesting wage at CARNEGY STEEL PLANT -PINKERTON GUARDS -prez Ben Harrison called in national guard to break strike - unions in steel industry powerless until 1930 -tarnished rep of Harisson and Carnegie |
|
|
Pullman Strike
|
Illinois 1894
wage cut protest -held up r.r. in Chicago for 2 months -court order strike end -Grover Cleveland called in fed soldiers to end with little violence |
|
|
open shop
|
do not have to belong to a union to work there
|
|
|
closed shop
|
-have to belong to a union to work there
-forced to give into injunctions |
|
|
Sherman Anti-trust act
|
1890
aimed at ending corporation monopolies= conspiracy in the restraint of free trade -used against unions |
|
|
Vertecal Integration
|
own mines/r.r/factory
all means of production Carnegy |
|
|
Bessemer Process
|
cold air to hot steel
carbonize it more maliable/hard than steel |
|
|
Trust
|
stockholders of various companies pool their rescorces to manage competeing corporations
|
|
|
Alfred Thayer Mahan
|
-wrote The Influence of Sea Power on History
-GB -canal through SA/Guam outposts/mod navy |
|
|
yellow journalism
|
Heast and Pullitzer
Spanish American War (1898) |
|
|
Jose Martin
|
leads revolt in Cuba against Spanish
put down by butcher weiler revolt gets US involved |
|
|
Delome Letter
|
1898 Spanish American War
-Delome is Spanish ambassador -in dispatch to Spain he ridicules McKinley -stolen and printed in newspaper -war cry |
|
|
USS Maine
|
-1898 rebellion in Cuba so USS MAINE sent to Havannah harbor
-ship sank mistake? but Spain blamed "Remember the Maine" cause for war in McKinley's eyes |
|
|
The Teller Amendment
|
After USS Maine in 1898
-war declared then this amendment: -if we do overthrow Spanish in Cuba, we will not take over Cuba (altruistic purposes) |
|
|
Emilio Aguinaldo
|
-leader of Phillipino Freedom Fighters (rebels)
-aided US in Spanish American War to capture city of Manilla -led revolt against US in 1899-1902 -brutal guerrilla tactics and US brutally interrogates -put down 1902 -first president of Phillipines |
|
|
Treaty of Paris (1898)
|
ends Spanish American War
-US gains Puerto Rico/guam -phillipines (reluctant but dont want Japan/Euro to have it) - anti imperialists feel US going to far |
|
|
Platt Amendment
|
-amendment to the Teller Amendment (1900)
-US intervention in Cuba -Cuba becomes American protectorate -US annexes Guantano Bay (used in cold war) |
|
|
Open Door Policy
|
1900
-formulated under sec of state for McKinley and Teddy Rose=John Hay -calls for nations to give up spheres and tariffs/ apply even rr rates -Everyone but British reject us |
|
|
Boxer Rebellion
|
1900
-Tzu Hsi calls for expuslsion of foreigners so boxers listen -lay seige to embasy in Peking -international rescue force relieve embasy and destroy boxers -Chinese then agree to presence of foreign troops/navy stationed -US gets 18M tribute for lives lost |
|
|
JOhn Hay's second round of notes
|
-initially ignored but due to rivalries kept in check
Hays wants to trade so no colonies better for US -stops Euro from colonizing China fortright |
|
|
Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
|
1903
-reaction to Euro nations consideration to invate LA countries to collect outstanding debts from them -in corollary we would pay debt then recollect |
|
|
Treaty of Portsmouth
|
1905
-TR mediated treaty between Russia and Japan ending Russo-Jap war -won nobel peace prize |
|
|
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
|
1901
-John Hay and Lord P of GB -US has sole rights to build canal in LA (Brits get to use it on US dime) |
|
|
Clayton Bueler Treaty
|
1901
-US and GB agreed no other country would build a canal -would stop all others |
|
|
Phillipe Buena-Varilla
|
1901
-actively lobeyed for Panamanian route in his country for canal -French engineer -led Panamanians to revolt -treaty with Hay in 1903 |
|
|
Hay-Buena Varilla Treaty
|
1903
-US rep and Varilla build canal 1904-1914 |
|
|
Gentleman’s Agreement
|
1908
-series of CA state laws segregate against Asians -TR brokers deal with Jap in which Cali laws repealed bu Japs limited from America |
|
|
banana republics
|
-result of Taft's dollar diplomacy
-sometimes dictatorships arose because of our profits ahead of democracy -they hate yankee imperialism |
|
|
Lodge Corollary
|
1911
-Japanese want to buy Baja peninsula -US doesnt want foreigners on our continent! -Henry Cabot Lodge gets bill through congress that says non Euro powers excluded from owning property in the W -Mex and Japs back away from Baja |
|
|
Jones Act
|
1916
-full teritorial right to Phillipines -bill of rights/male suffrage -ind when stable gov |
|
|
Victoriano Huerta
|
-assasinated democratically eleccted president of Mexico in 1913
-Wilson refused to recognize his legitimacy -wilson supports Rebels fightin against Huerta -falls from power 1914 |
|
|
Tampico Incident
|
(1914)
-several sailors arrested when they go ashore in Mexico -US naval offices in charge of ship demand that they are released and Huerta apologizes -Huerta refuses to apologize -Wilson orders troops to occupy Vera Cruz -ABC powers intervene and conflict avoided |
|
|
Poncho Villa
|
-challenges gov put in place by US after Huerta falls
-led raids into US to cause trouble with US/MEx relations -murder US citizen in Tex -chased by JOhn Jay Pershing for months but never caught |
|
|
John Jay Pershing
|
"black jack"
hired by Wilson to chase PonchoVilla in 1916 |
|
|
Boss Tweed
|
-Tameny Hall NYC
-control of new immigrants -Corruption dealt with by Thomas Nast (Harper's Weekly) |
|
|
graft
|
padding the bill
|
|
|
New Immigrants
|
S/E Europe
|
|
|
17th amendment
|
1913
senator's directly voted in |
|
|
Robert Lafollete
|
"fighting bob"
-Republican progressvie governer of WC - ended corruption of lumber and rr industries -regulated public utitlties |
|
|
Coaline Strike
|
-workers felt underpaid for long hours and dangerous work
-demanded 20% pay increase and 9 hour workday -George Baer rep for mine owners -private strike breakers called in because schools/hospitals affected without coal -TR stepped in and threatened to seize mine and make it public utility - led to 10% increase and 9 hour workday -union not recognized though |
|
|
Department of Commerce and Labour
|
-Created by TR in 1903
-deal with conflicts - Bureau of Corporations w/in this department |
|
|
Bureaud of Corporations
|
-created with in Department of Commerce and Labour
-fed regulated buiss in interstate commerce -trust busting |
|
|
Elkins Act
|
1903/roosevelt
to deal with rr monopolies removed rebates in rr |
|
|
Hepburn Act
|
1906
-power to ICC to stop RR trusts |
|
|
Northern Security Company
|
-RR holding company by JP Morgan and James HIll
-took Roosevelt's attempt to break them to the supreme court and lost |
|
|
Meat Inspection Act
|
1906
-fed gov could inspect meat shipped over state lines |
|
|
Aldrich-Vreeland Act
|
1908 (TR)
allowed for more currency to be released |
|
|
Payne-Aldrich Bill/Tariff
|
1909 (Taft)
-reduced tariff rates overall but increased it on many key items -upsets progressives in Republican party |
|
|
Richard Ballinger
|
-Taft's secretary of the interior
-opened large areas of Western states to corporate development (mines/factories) |
|
|
Gifford Pinchot
|
-founder of modern environmental movement
-chief of agricultural department and division of forestry under Taft -openly criticized Ballinger's policy and Taft fired him for insubordination, angering progressive party |
|
|
16th amendment
|
graduated income tax
|
|
|
underwood tariff
|
1913 Wilson
-reduced tariff levels -needed new revenue so made 16th amendment in 1913 |
|
|
Federal Reserve Act
|
1913 (Wilson)
-set up federal reserve board to oversee 12 regional reserved banks to issue money to commercial banks as needed -allowed for elasticity -begining of modern banking system |
|
|
Federal Trade Commission Act
|
1914 (Wilson)
appointed committe to strictly regulare interstate industry to go after unlawful competition/false advertising/mislabeling/bribing |
|
|
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
|
1914 (wilson)
-expanded power of Sherman anti-trust act of 1890 but actually goes after trust now not laborers -price descrimination/interlocking directorates (cahoots) illegal -excludes unions/agricultural alliances -strikes and peaceful picketing legal |
|
|
The Wabash Case
|
state cant regulate rr
fed should |
|
|
Muller v Oregon
|
1908
womens weak |
|
|
Lockner v NY
|
10 hour work day for bakers unconstitutional
|
