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186 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Treaty of Tordesillas - 1493
Pop drew "Line of Demarcation" - What Spain and Portugal own in the New World
Virginia Company of London - 1607
Expedition to Jamestown, 104 men in colony
Mayflower Compact - 1620
Foundation for government of Cape Cod, Massachusets, by the concent of the governed
Roger Williams - 1636
Puritan dissident who founded Providence, Rhode Island
Anne Hutchison - 1638
Puritan dissident who founded Portsmouth, Rhode Island
Thomas Hooker - 1636
Puritan ddissident founded hartford, Connecticut
New Hampshire - 1677
Puritans overflowed from Massachusets into New Hampshire, given charter by Kind Charles II
Lord Baltimore - 1632
Founded Maryland, the first proprietary colony
Act of Religeous Tolerance - 1649
Protected all Christian polotical rights in Maryland (helped Catholics)
Carolinas - 1663
Overflow from Virginia, similar in economy and culture
South Carolina - 1670
South Carolina founded in 1670, only colony to have slavery
New York - 1664
James, conquered Dutch lands in America
New Jersey - 1702
Taken over by Berkeley, Cateret and James, cofusion
--> royal colony
Mercantilism - 1650
British interest in regulation of American trade for benefit of Britain
Navigation Acts - 1651-73
The colonies could only trade with British ships to British or American ports
Board of Trade - 1696
Britain made sure that Americans were only trading with Britain, closed loop holes
Nathaniel Bacon - 1676
Led an armed conflict, burned Jamestown
Bacon's Rebellion - 1676
popular revolt in Virginia caused by high taxes, low prices for tobacco, and resentment against special privileges given those close to the governor, Sir William Berkeley
Half-Way Covenant - 1662
gave "half-membership" to people allowing more people to join the churches
King Philip's War - 1675
Wampanoag cheif led a war to kill all whites, 2000 settlers died
Dominion of New England - 1685
establishment of unified government for New England, New York, and New Jersey
Leisler's Rebellion - 1685
Led by Jacob Leisler - tried to turn over power of royal governer
Salem Witch Trials - 1682
20 killed after being accused of being a witch, Cotten Mather intervened to help end it
Pennsylvania - 1681
Colony formed as a refuge for Quakers, formed by William Penn
Delaware - 1681
Penn granted separate legislature for Delaware, though it was part of Pennsylvania
King Willaim's War - 1689-97
War of hte League of Augsburg, no battles were fought in America, ended with the Treaty of Ryswick
Queen Anne's War - 1702-13
War of Spanish Succession, sporadic fighting with France and Spain, ended with the Treaty of Utrecht, led to salutary neglect
Treaty of Utrecht - 1713
ended Queen Anne's war, gave British major territorial and econmic advantages
King George's War - 1739
Also called War of Jenkin's Ear, and War of Australian succession, American troops were active in the fighting
Georgia - 1732
created as a buffer for South Carolina from the Spanish in Florida, also used as a refuge and debtor's prison, ultimatly failed
Glorious Revolution - 1688
England's Revolution, aka Bloodless Revolution
JP Zenger - 1734-35
embarrassed the royal governor and was charged with libel. Overruled on the basis of the truth. Led to freedom of press
The Great Awakening - 1720-40
A religeous "awakening"
Albany Congress - 1754
Called by Ben Franklin, said that tates should unite for a war against the French, ended up being rejected
French and Indian War - 1754-63
7 Years War
Britain and America vs. French and "Indians"
Washington gained fame for being general
Proclamation line of 1763
Great Britain told America to not settle Wast of the Appalachians in order to avoid bad relations with the Indians, hated by the colonists (they just fought for the land in the 7 years war)
George Grenville - 1763
British Prime Minister, taxed the Americans after the French and Indian War
Sugar Act - 1765
Revenue Act, raised revenue by taxing goods imported by the Americans
Quartering Act - 1764
British troops became station in the colonies, and the colnies had to pay for the maintenance
Currency Act of 1764
forbade the printing of colonial currency
Stamp Act - 1765
revenue stamps were forced to be put on all legal documents from decks of cards to marriage certificates. Respectful petitions came from this
Stamp Act Congress - 1765
asserted that the Americans could not be taxed without the concent of the colonies
Non-Importation Agreement - 1768
boycotted British items being taxed, stopped after the acts were repealed
Declatory Act - 1766
repealed the Stamp Act, but claimed power to tax or make laws on the basis that the colonies had "universal representaion"
Townshend Acts - 1766
taxes on imports, use of admirality courts, and writs of assistance
Boston Massacre - 1770
skrimish with the British soldiers, 5 "Bostonians" killed, got a lot of publicity (British were defending themselves)
Gaspee Affair - 1772
US burned a British boat called the Gaspee
Tea Act of 1773
Americans bought Dutch, not British tea because they taxed their tea, led to the Boston Tea Party
Quebec Act - 1774
set up Quebec government without a representative assembly
Coercive Acts - 1774
closed British ports, Massachusets Government Act, Admin. of Justice Act, Quatering Act
Intolerable Acts - 1774
Quebec Act + Coercive Acts
Admin of Justice Act - 1774
Massachusets royal officials accused of crime in Massachusets get tried elsewhere
1st Continental Congress - 1774
Parliament, denounced the intolerable Acts, prepaired the local militia
2nd Continental Congress - 1775
split between peace and revolution until Richard Henry Lee stepped in
Lexington and Concord - 1775
British attacked supplies, first battle of the War. "Shot heard around the world". Minute men were victorious
Battle of Bunker Hill - 1775
Americans fortified Breed's Hill, could bombard Boston
Common Sense - 1776
Helped bring about the ideo that America should not be a part of Great Britain, written by Thomas Paine
Declaration of Independance - 1776
Stated why the colonists wanted to split from Great Britain, written by Thomas Jefferson
Battle of Saratoga - 1777
Turning point of the war, Americans, under the leadership of Benedict Arnold, held off the British until Burgoyne surrendered, convinced the French to join the War.
(Battle of) Yorktown - 1781
Cornwallis surrenders to Washington, sealed off by Americans and the French fleet.
Treaty of Paris - 1783
Made the US independent and gave land up to the Miss. River, Spains gets Fla.; Britain keeps Canada, (Loyalists are supposed to get their seized land back as well)
Articles of Confederation - 1781
unicameral Congress(each state had a single vote), a weak central government. The states had too many rights, such as making treaties and regulating trade.
Land Ordinance - 1784
Territorial government, progress into statehood
Land Ordinance - 1785
6 x 6 plots of land, 36 sections, the one in the center being the county seat
North West Ordinance of 1787
bill of rights for settlers, forbade slavery north of the Ohio River
Shays' Rebellion - 1786
Economic hardships led to an unrest of farmers in Massachusets. Showed the weekness of the articles of confederation
Constitutional Convention - 1787
created the constitution of today through a compromise between the large and the small states about representation
Great Compromise - 1787
set up bicameral congress - house and senate to satisy both small and large states
Three - Fifths Compromise - 1787
Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person in both representation and taxation
Judiciary Act of 1789
Supreme Court set up with 6 justices and the power to rule over constitutionality of law
Hamilton's Financial Program - 1789
Industrial outlook, established the National Bank to take on state's debt, also wanted to impose a excise tax on distillers
Eli Whitney - 1793
Created the Cotton Gin, increased the "need" for slaves to pick cotton. Led to the beleif of "King Cotton"
Sam Slater - 1793
Brought the plans of a cotton mill from England to America by memorizing the set up
Jay's Treaty with Britain - 1794
(Treaty of London) settled the conflict at sea, made the British release the ships that were captured and made them stop supplying the Indians from Canada
Pickney Treaty -1795
Treaty with Spain, gave the Americans access to the Mississippi River, also gave Right of Deposit in New Orleans
Whiskey's Rebellion - 1794
Western farmers refused to pay excise tax on Whiskey because they claimed it was not a luxury, it was a nessecity. Washington sent federal troops to end the rebellion
XYZ Affair - 1798
"Millions for defense, not a cent for tribute" French were angered that the US was helping British so the confescated American ships and refused to let them go until John Adams gave a formal appology
Quasi-War - 1798-99
Struggle at sea with the Freanch after the XYZ Affair, created the Department of the Navy, Napolean ended the "war" in 1800
Alien and Sedition Acts - 1798
Stifled immigration, stifled freedom of speech about the Adams administration. Viewed any critism of the government as an act of treason
Marbury vs. Madison - 1801
Establish the power of judicial review over federal legislation
Kentucky and Virginia Resolves - 1798
Proposed that states could nullify federal laws within that state
Judiciary Act of 1801
Adams appointed judges, including John Marshall as Cheif Justice, established Federalist power in the Courts
louisiana Purchase - 1803
US expanded its land by buying lots of land from the French for $15 million dollars when the original agreement was Louisianna for $10 million
Essex Junto -1804
New England Federalists organized a sexession movement with the support of Aaron Burr
Yazoo Claims - 1805
a massive fraud perpetrated by several Georgia governors and the state legislature from 1795 to 1803 by selling large tracts of land to insiders at ridiculously low prices
Non-Intercource Act - 1808
Opened trade to all nations except Britain and France
End of Slave Trade - 1808
Americans could no longer legally import slaves (selling between owners in America was allowed)
War of 1812 (-14)
war against British after problems at sea
Treaty of Ghent - 1814
Ended to war of 1812, largely restored relations between the two countries to status quo ante bellum
Battle of New Orleans - 1815
fought two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed, gained much popularity for Andrew Jackson
Hartford Convention - 1814
Federalists declared that they would secede if peace was not obtained. Was a large embarassment and led to the end of the party
Protective Tariff - 1816
first protective tariff, meant to slow the flood of cheap foreign good to the colonies
Rush-Bagot Treaty - 1817
Was a dissarmament between England and America With respect to war ships in the Great Lakes
Jackson's Florida Invasion - 1817
Andrew Jackson invaded Florida and occupied Pensacola. Violated international law, but gained popularity for Jackson
Bonus Bill - 1817
gave funds for internal improvements, such as roads and canals
Convention of 1818
America and Great Britain decided to share Oregon for the next 30 years also the 49th parallel became to border between Canada and America
Adams-Onis Treaty - 1819
Spanish sold Florida to the US for 5 million dollars
Monroe Doctrine - 1823
Claimed the western hemisphere as the "American Hemisphere." Wanted to ban all other countries from influencing it
Fletcher vs. Peck - 1810
Disputes over the Yazoo Claims
Dartmouth vs. Woodwar - 1819
State governments could not control corporations or private institutions
McCulloh vs. Maryland - 1819
States could not infringe on Congress' implied powers
Gibbons vs. Ogden - 1824
states could not grant a monopoly, nor could states create laws about interstate trade
Missouri Compromise - 1820
(Compromise of 1820)
prohibited slavery north of the southern Boundary of Missouri. 36 degrees 30 minutes
Lowell System - 1810s
young women were hired in the countryside and brought to twon to live in dorms and work in the factories for low wages. Good idea at first
Nullification - 1928
(Idea of John C. Calhoun)
Said that states could declare federal law was void
South Carolina Nullification Crisis - 1832
South Carolina threatened sexession, federal troops had to be brought in to enforce the collection of taxes
Force Bill - 1833
Andrew Jackson sent troops into SC to collect the Tariff
Specie Cicular - 1836
forbade the purchase of federal lands with anything but hard money (gold and silver). Led to the panic of 1837
Gag Rule - 1831-1844
Congress could not formally receive antislavery petitions, but it did not directly govern the laws that were conidered
Panic of 1837
caused by inflation and use of credit and Jacksons demands for the use of "hard money"
American Society for Temperance - 1826
formed by protestants, proposed the promotion of temperance
Troy Female Seminary - 1839
First state suppoted school for women in Troy, New York
Oberlin College - 1840s?
first co-ed college in the US
Dorothea Dix - 1840s
led the fight for asylums fotr the mentally ill and more humane treatments
Auburn Penitentiary - 1821
preison reform, ran under the idea of not just punishing, but reforming prisoners, started in Auburn, New York
Seneca Falls Convention - 1848
modern feminist movement, led by Grimkes, Stanton, and Stowe, created the Declaration of Sentiments
American Colonization Movement - 1817
established the colony of Liberia in 1930, purchased slaves and sent them to Africa
The Liberator - 1831
William Lloyd Garison called for total, immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation
American Anti-Slavery Society - 1833
William Lloyd Garison called for total, immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation
Thoedore Weld - 1830s
Called for total emancipation, but gradual and should give compensation
Liberty Party - 1840
first national anti-slavery party (also called the Free Soilers) they did not want the expansion of slavery
Uncle Tom's Cabin - 1850s
written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Influential in pushing the abolitionist message
Lyceum/booster college - 1840s
Edicated the public though many were poorly funded and failed
McCormick Reaper - 1834
increased the havesting ability of wheat
Texas - 1836
Mexicans lost Texas to the Americans. Sam Houston at the Alamo
Webster-Ashburton Treaty - 1842
after Caroline incident, settled the Main and Canada border dispute, worked to prevent slave-smuggling
Hunt vs. Commonwealth of Massachuset - 1842
peaceful labor unions could be formed legally for the first time in American history
Mexican War - 1847-48
Mexicans refused to negotiate so the Americans invaded
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo - 1848
Mexico ceded territory instead of paying the $15+ million of war debts
Wilmont Proviso - 1846
No slavery or involuntary servitude was allowed in the Mexican territory. Passed in the House, failed in the Senate
California Gold Rush - 1849
Gold seekers (49ers) rushed to California, raising the population from 14k to 100k
Compromise of 1850
California was to be admitted as a free state, Texas and New Mexico would not be reserved to be slave states, the slave trade was abolished in DC, the Fugitive Slave Act was passed, and $10 million were given for texas
Ostend Manifesto - 1854
America wanted to get Cuba as a colony
Reciprocity Treaty - 1854
Pierce opened Canada for American trade
Know-Nothing Party - 1850s
anti-foreign, anti-Catholic, faded fast, refused the question of slavery.
Also known as the American Party
Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854
status of slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty in the states.
Was the cause of "Bleeding Kansas"
Dred Scott vs. Sanford - 1856
Said that temporary residence in a free state does not make a slave free
Panic of 1857
Over speculation in ralroads and land, also a debt caused by the Crimean War
Freeport Doctrine - 1857
Stephen Douglas (pro "popular sovereignty") wrote that the expansion of slavery was morally wrong
Harpers Ferry and John Brown - 1859
tried to incite a slave uprising, took hostages, ended up caught and hanged
The Impending Crisis in the South - 1859
Book written by HR Helper, claimed that slavery was economically harmful to the South, enriched the large planters, but it harmed the Yeomen farmers
Fort Sumter - 1861
Conferderate general Beauregard attacked Fort Sumter and Major Anderson on April 12. Lincoln sent 75,000 volunteers to stop the insurrection, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, Arkansas seceded, Kentucky remained neutral
Trent Affair - 1861
Union stopped British boats with Conferderate troops on board, Britain threatened military action, Lincoln gave in a released the boats
Civil War - 1861-1865
War between the Union (North) and Confederate (South).
Major Battles: Bull Run showed that the war would be a long one, Antietam was the bloodiest, Gettysburg was a major victory for the Union turning point in the war, Chattanooga, and Surrender of the Confederacy at Appotomax
Emancipation Proclamation - 1863
Lincoln declared that slaves in rebellious states would be freed on Jan 1st 1864
Homestead Act - 1862
160 acres of free government land would be given to any person who farmed it for 5+ years
Morrill Land Grant Act - 1862
government land would be given to states that established agricultual and mechanical schools
Pacific Railroad Act - 1862
Declared the US governments support for a transcontinental railroad
National Banking Act - 1862-63
high tariffs, income tax, credit expansion, and "greenbacks" established to finance the war
Freedman's Bureau - 1865
provided food, clothing, and education to former slaves
Ten Percent Plan - 1865
When 10% took and oath of loyalty to the union, and ended slavery, the states would return to statehood
Wade-Davis Bill - 1865
a program proposed for the Reconstruction of the South written by two Radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland. In contrast to President Abraham Lincoln's more lenient Ten percent plan, the bill made re-admittance to the Union almost impossible (or at least without a great moral defeat for the South) since it required a majority in each Southern state to swear the Ironclad oath to the effect they had never in the past supported the Confederacy. The bill passed both houses of Congress on July 2, 1864, but was pocket vetoed by Lincoln and never took effect.
13th Amendment - 1865
Officially abolished slavery in all parts of the US
Black Codes - 1860's
imposed restrictions on the freedoms of former slaves
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Made blacks citizens
Alaska - 1867
US purchased Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million.
"Seward's Follie"
14th Amendment - 1866
defined citizenship, forbade states to deny rights to cutuzens, reduced representation in congree of states denying blacks the right to vote, and ex-confederates could not hold office
Ex Parte Milligan Case - 1866
A civilian cannot be tried in a military court if a civilian court is open
Control of Army Act - 1867
reduced the power of the president over the army, was passed against Johnson
Military District Act - 1867
Divided the South into twelve arts with military occupation
Tenure of Office Act - 1867
forbade the president to remove a cabinet member without the Senate's permission
Patrons of Husbandry - 1867
Granger of farmers' movement, was the forerunner of populism
15th Amendment - 1868
Gave voting rights to all blacks, was unpopular in the North
Promontory Point - 1869
completion of transcontinental railroad (point where they both met)
Tammany Hall - 1860's
corruption and spoils system in New York, was led by "Boss" Tweed
KKK - 1860's
intimidated blacks and white republicans out of voting, often by violent threats and lynchings
Force Act of 1870
Allowed the government to use military force against white terrorists (the Klan)
Union League - 1870's
Organization used by Southern Republicans to control the black vote
Panic of 1873
economic hard times led to the end of Reconstruction
"Black Friday" Scandal - 1870s
Fiske and Gould stopped the sale of government could and the US buisness men got hurt by it
Credit Mobilier Scandal - 1872
Union Pacific Railroad, the Credit Mobilier company claimed that the railroad would cost more than it did and pocketed the excess money
"Salary Grab Act" - 1873
Congress gave the president a 100% raise, and themselves a 50% raise, led to an outrage
"Crime of [18]73" (Coinage Act)
HaThe demonetization of silver because of mining, moved to the gold standard
Compromise of 1877
Hayes promised to end Reconstruction and withdraw the troops, if the Democrates gave him votes
"Gilded Age" - 1870-90
America emerged as the world's leading industrial and agricultural producer
Stalwarts vs. Half-Breeds - 1870's
Conklin's old spoils system vs Blaine's civil reform, merit appointments. Led to the Pendleton Act
Greenback-Labor Party - 1878
14 congressmen who were for inflation of farm prices and the cooperative marketing of agricultural produce
Bland-Allison Act - 1878
Government had to buy silver and put it into circulation
"Gospel of Wealth" - 1870's
Social Dawinism, proposed by Sumner, the best buisnesses deserve the most money and power. Survival of the fittest
National Labor Union - 1866
membership of over 600,000
Knights of Labor - 1869
Whites, immigrants, women, men, and blacks, all came together with equality. They wanted to end child labor, failed in 1886
Grange Movement - 1870-90
an organization that would bring farmers together and advance their interests
Booker T. Washington - 1881
Founded Tuskegee Institute, a vocational school for African Americans, encouraged gradual equality
WCTU - 1880's
Women's Christian Temperance Union, marked the begining of the Prohibition movement
Interoceanic Canal Community - 1876
Nicaraguan route for a canal between the Atlantic and the Pacific
"A Century of Dishonor" - 1881
Written by Helen Hunt Jackson.
exposed the tragic American policy againts the Native Americans