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186 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Treaty of Tordesillas - 1493
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Pop drew "Line of Demarcation" - What Spain and Portugal own in the New World
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Virginia Company of London - 1607
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Expedition to Jamestown, 104 men in colony
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Mayflower Compact - 1620
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Foundation for government of Cape Cod, Massachusets, by the concent of the governed
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Roger Williams - 1636
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Puritan dissident who founded Providence, Rhode Island
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Anne Hutchison - 1638
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Puritan dissident who founded Portsmouth, Rhode Island
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Thomas Hooker - 1636
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Puritan ddissident founded hartford, Connecticut
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New Hampshire - 1677
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Puritans overflowed from Massachusets into New Hampshire, given charter by Kind Charles II
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Lord Baltimore - 1632
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Founded Maryland, the first proprietary colony
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Act of Religeous Tolerance - 1649
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Protected all Christian polotical rights in Maryland (helped Catholics)
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Carolinas - 1663
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Overflow from Virginia, similar in economy and culture
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South Carolina - 1670
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South Carolina founded in 1670, only colony to have slavery
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New York - 1664
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James, conquered Dutch lands in America
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New Jersey - 1702
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Taken over by Berkeley, Cateret and James, cofusion
--> royal colony |
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Mercantilism - 1650
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British interest in regulation of American trade for benefit of Britain
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Navigation Acts - 1651-73
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The colonies could only trade with British ships to British or American ports
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Board of Trade - 1696
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Britain made sure that Americans were only trading with Britain, closed loop holes
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Nathaniel Bacon - 1676
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Led an armed conflict, burned Jamestown
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Bacon's Rebellion - 1676
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popular revolt in Virginia caused by high taxes, low prices for tobacco, and resentment against special privileges given those close to the governor, Sir William Berkeley
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Half-Way Covenant - 1662
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gave "half-membership" to people allowing more people to join the churches
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King Philip's War - 1675
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Wampanoag cheif led a war to kill all whites, 2000 settlers died
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Dominion of New England - 1685
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establishment of unified government for New England, New York, and New Jersey
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Leisler's Rebellion - 1685
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Led by Jacob Leisler - tried to turn over power of royal governer
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Salem Witch Trials - 1682
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20 killed after being accused of being a witch, Cotten Mather intervened to help end it
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Pennsylvania - 1681
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Colony formed as a refuge for Quakers, formed by William Penn
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Delaware - 1681
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Penn granted separate legislature for Delaware, though it was part of Pennsylvania
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King Willaim's War - 1689-97
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War of hte League of Augsburg, no battles were fought in America, ended with the Treaty of Ryswick
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Queen Anne's War - 1702-13
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War of Spanish Succession, sporadic fighting with France and Spain, ended with the Treaty of Utrecht, led to salutary neglect
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Treaty of Utrecht - 1713
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ended Queen Anne's war, gave British major territorial and econmic advantages
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King George's War - 1739
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Also called War of Jenkin's Ear, and War of Australian succession, American troops were active in the fighting
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Georgia - 1732
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created as a buffer for South Carolina from the Spanish in Florida, also used as a refuge and debtor's prison, ultimatly failed
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Glorious Revolution - 1688
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England's Revolution, aka Bloodless Revolution
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JP Zenger - 1734-35
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embarrassed the royal governor and was charged with libel. Overruled on the basis of the truth. Led to freedom of press
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The Great Awakening - 1720-40
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A religeous "awakening"
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Albany Congress - 1754
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Called by Ben Franklin, said that tates should unite for a war against the French, ended up being rejected
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French and Indian War - 1754-63
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7 Years War
Britain and America vs. French and "Indians" Washington gained fame for being general |
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Proclamation line of 1763
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Great Britain told America to not settle Wast of the Appalachians in order to avoid bad relations with the Indians, hated by the colonists (they just fought for the land in the 7 years war)
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George Grenville - 1763
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British Prime Minister, taxed the Americans after the French and Indian War
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Sugar Act - 1765
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Revenue Act, raised revenue by taxing goods imported by the Americans
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Quartering Act - 1764
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British troops became station in the colonies, and the colnies had to pay for the maintenance
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Currency Act of 1764
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forbade the printing of colonial currency
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Stamp Act - 1765
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revenue stamps were forced to be put on all legal documents from decks of cards to marriage certificates. Respectful petitions came from this
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Stamp Act Congress - 1765
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asserted that the Americans could not be taxed without the concent of the colonies
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Non-Importation Agreement - 1768
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boycotted British items being taxed, stopped after the acts were repealed
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Declatory Act - 1766
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repealed the Stamp Act, but claimed power to tax or make laws on the basis that the colonies had "universal representaion"
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Townshend Acts - 1766
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taxes on imports, use of admirality courts, and writs of assistance
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Boston Massacre - 1770
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skrimish with the British soldiers, 5 "Bostonians" killed, got a lot of publicity (British were defending themselves)
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Gaspee Affair - 1772
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US burned a British boat called the Gaspee
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Tea Act of 1773
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Americans bought Dutch, not British tea because they taxed their tea, led to the Boston Tea Party
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Quebec Act - 1774
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set up Quebec government without a representative assembly
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Coercive Acts - 1774
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closed British ports, Massachusets Government Act, Admin. of Justice Act, Quatering Act
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Intolerable Acts - 1774
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Quebec Act + Coercive Acts
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Admin of Justice Act - 1774
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Massachusets royal officials accused of crime in Massachusets get tried elsewhere
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1st Continental Congress - 1774
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Parliament, denounced the intolerable Acts, prepaired the local militia
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2nd Continental Congress - 1775
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split between peace and revolution until Richard Henry Lee stepped in
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Lexington and Concord - 1775
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British attacked supplies, first battle of the War. "Shot heard around the world". Minute men were victorious
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Battle of Bunker Hill - 1775
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Americans fortified Breed's Hill, could bombard Boston
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Common Sense - 1776
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Helped bring about the ideo that America should not be a part of Great Britain, written by Thomas Paine
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Declaration of Independance - 1776
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Stated why the colonists wanted to split from Great Britain, written by Thomas Jefferson
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Battle of Saratoga - 1777
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Turning point of the war, Americans, under the leadership of Benedict Arnold, held off the British until Burgoyne surrendered, convinced the French to join the War.
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(Battle of) Yorktown - 1781
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Cornwallis surrenders to Washington, sealed off by Americans and the French fleet.
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Treaty of Paris - 1783
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Made the US independent and gave land up to the Miss. River, Spains gets Fla.; Britain keeps Canada, (Loyalists are supposed to get their seized land back as well)
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Articles of Confederation - 1781
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unicameral Congress(each state had a single vote), a weak central government. The states had too many rights, such as making treaties and regulating trade.
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Land Ordinance - 1784
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Territorial government, progress into statehood
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Land Ordinance - 1785
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6 x 6 plots of land, 36 sections, the one in the center being the county seat
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North West Ordinance of 1787
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bill of rights for settlers, forbade slavery north of the Ohio River
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Shays' Rebellion - 1786
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Economic hardships led to an unrest of farmers in Massachusets. Showed the weekness of the articles of confederation
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Constitutional Convention - 1787
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created the constitution of today through a compromise between the large and the small states about representation
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Great Compromise - 1787
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set up bicameral congress - house and senate to satisy both small and large states
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Three - Fifths Compromise - 1787
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Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person in both representation and taxation
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Judiciary Act of 1789
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Supreme Court set up with 6 justices and the power to rule over constitutionality of law
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Hamilton's Financial Program - 1789
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Industrial outlook, established the National Bank to take on state's debt, also wanted to impose a excise tax on distillers
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Eli Whitney - 1793
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Created the Cotton Gin, increased the "need" for slaves to pick cotton. Led to the beleif of "King Cotton"
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Sam Slater - 1793
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Brought the plans of a cotton mill from England to America by memorizing the set up
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Jay's Treaty with Britain - 1794
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(Treaty of London) settled the conflict at sea, made the British release the ships that were captured and made them stop supplying the Indians from Canada
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Pickney Treaty -1795
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Treaty with Spain, gave the Americans access to the Mississippi River, also gave Right of Deposit in New Orleans
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Whiskey's Rebellion - 1794
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Western farmers refused to pay excise tax on Whiskey because they claimed it was not a luxury, it was a nessecity. Washington sent federal troops to end the rebellion
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XYZ Affair - 1798
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"Millions for defense, not a cent for tribute" French were angered that the US was helping British so the confescated American ships and refused to let them go until John Adams gave a formal appology
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Quasi-War - 1798-99
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Struggle at sea with the Freanch after the XYZ Affair, created the Department of the Navy, Napolean ended the "war" in 1800
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Alien and Sedition Acts - 1798
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Stifled immigration, stifled freedom of speech about the Adams administration. Viewed any critism of the government as an act of treason
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Marbury vs. Madison - 1801
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Establish the power of judicial review over federal legislation
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Kentucky and Virginia Resolves - 1798
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Proposed that states could nullify federal laws within that state
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Judiciary Act of 1801
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Adams appointed judges, including John Marshall as Cheif Justice, established Federalist power in the Courts
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louisiana Purchase - 1803
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US expanded its land by buying lots of land from the French for $15 million dollars when the original agreement was Louisianna for $10 million
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Essex Junto -1804
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New England Federalists organized a sexession movement with the support of Aaron Burr
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Yazoo Claims - 1805
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a massive fraud perpetrated by several Georgia governors and the state legislature from 1795 to 1803 by selling large tracts of land to insiders at ridiculously low prices
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Non-Intercource Act - 1808
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Opened trade to all nations except Britain and France
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End of Slave Trade - 1808
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Americans could no longer legally import slaves (selling between owners in America was allowed)
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War of 1812 (-14)
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war against British after problems at sea
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Treaty of Ghent - 1814
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Ended to war of 1812, largely restored relations between the two countries to status quo ante bellum
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Battle of New Orleans - 1815
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fought two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed, gained much popularity for Andrew Jackson
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Hartford Convention - 1814
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Federalists declared that they would secede if peace was not obtained. Was a large embarassment and led to the end of the party
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Protective Tariff - 1816
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first protective tariff, meant to slow the flood of cheap foreign good to the colonies
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Rush-Bagot Treaty - 1817
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Was a dissarmament between England and America With respect to war ships in the Great Lakes
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Jackson's Florida Invasion - 1817
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Andrew Jackson invaded Florida and occupied Pensacola. Violated international law, but gained popularity for Jackson
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Bonus Bill - 1817
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gave funds for internal improvements, such as roads and canals
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Convention of 1818
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America and Great Britain decided to share Oregon for the next 30 years also the 49th parallel became to border between Canada and America
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Adams-Onis Treaty - 1819
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Spanish sold Florida to the US for 5 million dollars
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Monroe Doctrine - 1823
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Claimed the western hemisphere as the "American Hemisphere." Wanted to ban all other countries from influencing it
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Fletcher vs. Peck - 1810
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Disputes over the Yazoo Claims
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Dartmouth vs. Woodwar - 1819
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State governments could not control corporations or private institutions
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McCulloh vs. Maryland - 1819
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States could not infringe on Congress' implied powers
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Gibbons vs. Ogden - 1824
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states could not grant a monopoly, nor could states create laws about interstate trade
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Missouri Compromise - 1820
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(Compromise of 1820)
prohibited slavery north of the southern Boundary of Missouri. 36 degrees 30 minutes |
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Lowell System - 1810s
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young women were hired in the countryside and brought to twon to live in dorms and work in the factories for low wages. Good idea at first
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Nullification - 1928
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(Idea of John C. Calhoun)
Said that states could declare federal law was void |
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South Carolina Nullification Crisis - 1832
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South Carolina threatened sexession, federal troops had to be brought in to enforce the collection of taxes
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Force Bill - 1833
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Andrew Jackson sent troops into SC to collect the Tariff
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Specie Cicular - 1836
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forbade the purchase of federal lands with anything but hard money (gold and silver). Led to the panic of 1837
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Gag Rule - 1831-1844
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Congress could not formally receive antislavery petitions, but it did not directly govern the laws that were conidered
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Panic of 1837
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caused by inflation and use of credit and Jacksons demands for the use of "hard money"
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American Society for Temperance - 1826
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formed by protestants, proposed the promotion of temperance
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Troy Female Seminary - 1839
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First state suppoted school for women in Troy, New York
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Oberlin College - 1840s?
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first co-ed college in the US
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Dorothea Dix - 1840s
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led the fight for asylums fotr the mentally ill and more humane treatments
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Auburn Penitentiary - 1821
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preison reform, ran under the idea of not just punishing, but reforming prisoners, started in Auburn, New York
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Seneca Falls Convention - 1848
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modern feminist movement, led by Grimkes, Stanton, and Stowe, created the Declaration of Sentiments
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American Colonization Movement - 1817
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established the colony of Liberia in 1930, purchased slaves and sent them to Africa
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The Liberator - 1831
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William Lloyd Garison called for total, immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation
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American Anti-Slavery Society - 1833
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William Lloyd Garison called for total, immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation
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Thoedore Weld - 1830s
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Called for total emancipation, but gradual and should give compensation
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Liberty Party - 1840
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first national anti-slavery party (also called the Free Soilers) they did not want the expansion of slavery
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Uncle Tom's Cabin - 1850s
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written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Influential in pushing the abolitionist message |
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Lyceum/booster college - 1840s
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Edicated the public though many were poorly funded and failed
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McCormick Reaper - 1834
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increased the havesting ability of wheat
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Texas - 1836
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Mexicans lost Texas to the Americans. Sam Houston at the Alamo
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Webster-Ashburton Treaty - 1842
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after Caroline incident, settled the Main and Canada border dispute, worked to prevent slave-smuggling
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Hunt vs. Commonwealth of Massachuset - 1842
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peaceful labor unions could be formed legally for the first time in American history
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Mexican War - 1847-48
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Mexicans refused to negotiate so the Americans invaded
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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo - 1848
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Mexico ceded territory instead of paying the $15+ million of war debts
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Wilmont Proviso - 1846
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No slavery or involuntary servitude was allowed in the Mexican territory. Passed in the House, failed in the Senate
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California Gold Rush - 1849
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Gold seekers (49ers) rushed to California, raising the population from 14k to 100k
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Compromise of 1850
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California was to be admitted as a free state, Texas and New Mexico would not be reserved to be slave states, the slave trade was abolished in DC, the Fugitive Slave Act was passed, and $10 million were given for texas
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Ostend Manifesto - 1854
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America wanted to get Cuba as a colony
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Reciprocity Treaty - 1854
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Pierce opened Canada for American trade
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Know-Nothing Party - 1850s
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anti-foreign, anti-Catholic, faded fast, refused the question of slavery.
Also known as the American Party |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854
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status of slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty in the states.
Was the cause of "Bleeding Kansas" |
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Dred Scott vs. Sanford - 1856
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Said that temporary residence in a free state does not make a slave free
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Panic of 1857
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Over speculation in ralroads and land, also a debt caused by the Crimean War
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Freeport Doctrine - 1857
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Stephen Douglas (pro "popular sovereignty") wrote that the expansion of slavery was morally wrong
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Harpers Ferry and John Brown - 1859
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tried to incite a slave uprising, took hostages, ended up caught and hanged
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The Impending Crisis in the South - 1859
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Book written by HR Helper, claimed that slavery was economically harmful to the South, enriched the large planters, but it harmed the Yeomen farmers
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Fort Sumter - 1861
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Conferderate general Beauregard attacked Fort Sumter and Major Anderson on April 12. Lincoln sent 75,000 volunteers to stop the insurrection, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, Arkansas seceded, Kentucky remained neutral
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Trent Affair - 1861
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Union stopped British boats with Conferderate troops on board, Britain threatened military action, Lincoln gave in a released the boats
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Civil War - 1861-1865
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War between the Union (North) and Confederate (South).
Major Battles: Bull Run showed that the war would be a long one, Antietam was the bloodiest, Gettysburg was a major victory for the Union turning point in the war, Chattanooga, and Surrender of the Confederacy at Appotomax |
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Emancipation Proclamation - 1863
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Lincoln declared that slaves in rebellious states would be freed on Jan 1st 1864
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Homestead Act - 1862
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160 acres of free government land would be given to any person who farmed it for 5+ years
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Morrill Land Grant Act - 1862
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government land would be given to states that established agricultual and mechanical schools
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Pacific Railroad Act - 1862
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Declared the US governments support for a transcontinental railroad
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National Banking Act - 1862-63
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high tariffs, income tax, credit expansion, and "greenbacks" established to finance the war
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Freedman's Bureau - 1865
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provided food, clothing, and education to former slaves
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Ten Percent Plan - 1865
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When 10% took and oath of loyalty to the union, and ended slavery, the states would return to statehood
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Wade-Davis Bill - 1865
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a program proposed for the Reconstruction of the South written by two Radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin Wade of Ohio and Representative Henry Winter Davis of Maryland. In contrast to President Abraham Lincoln's more lenient Ten percent plan, the bill made re-admittance to the Union almost impossible (or at least without a great moral defeat for the South) since it required a majority in each Southern state to swear the Ironclad oath to the effect they had never in the past supported the Confederacy. The bill passed both houses of Congress on July 2, 1864, but was pocket vetoed by Lincoln and never took effect.
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13th Amendment - 1865
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Officially abolished slavery in all parts of the US
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Black Codes - 1860's
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imposed restrictions on the freedoms of former slaves
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
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Made blacks citizens
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Alaska - 1867
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US purchased Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million.
"Seward's Follie" |
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14th Amendment - 1866
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defined citizenship, forbade states to deny rights to cutuzens, reduced representation in congree of states denying blacks the right to vote, and ex-confederates could not hold office
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Ex Parte Milligan Case - 1866
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A civilian cannot be tried in a military court if a civilian court is open
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Control of Army Act - 1867
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reduced the power of the president over the army, was passed against Johnson
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Military District Act - 1867
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Divided the South into twelve arts with military occupation
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Tenure of Office Act - 1867
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forbade the president to remove a cabinet member without the Senate's permission
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Patrons of Husbandry - 1867
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Granger of farmers' movement, was the forerunner of populism
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15th Amendment - 1868
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Gave voting rights to all blacks, was unpopular in the North
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Promontory Point - 1869
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completion of transcontinental railroad (point where they both met)
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Tammany Hall - 1860's
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corruption and spoils system in New York, was led by "Boss" Tweed
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KKK - 1860's
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intimidated blacks and white republicans out of voting, often by violent threats and lynchings
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Force Act of 1870
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Allowed the government to use military force against white terrorists (the Klan)
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Union League - 1870's
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Organization used by Southern Republicans to control the black vote
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Panic of 1873
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economic hard times led to the end of Reconstruction
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"Black Friday" Scandal - 1870s
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Fiske and Gould stopped the sale of government could and the US buisness men got hurt by it
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Credit Mobilier Scandal - 1872
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Union Pacific Railroad, the Credit Mobilier company claimed that the railroad would cost more than it did and pocketed the excess money
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"Salary Grab Act" - 1873
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Congress gave the president a 100% raise, and themselves a 50% raise, led to an outrage
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"Crime of [18]73" (Coinage Act)
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HaThe demonetization of silver because of mining, moved to the gold standard
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Compromise of 1877
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Hayes promised to end Reconstruction and withdraw the troops, if the Democrates gave him votes
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"Gilded Age" - 1870-90
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America emerged as the world's leading industrial and agricultural producer
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Stalwarts vs. Half-Breeds - 1870's
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Conklin's old spoils system vs Blaine's civil reform, merit appointments. Led to the Pendleton Act
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Greenback-Labor Party - 1878
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14 congressmen who were for inflation of farm prices and the cooperative marketing of agricultural produce
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Bland-Allison Act - 1878
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Government had to buy silver and put it into circulation
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"Gospel of Wealth" - 1870's
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Social Dawinism, proposed by Sumner, the best buisnesses deserve the most money and power. Survival of the fittest
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National Labor Union - 1866
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membership of over 600,000
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Knights of Labor - 1869
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Whites, immigrants, women, men, and blacks, all came together with equality. They wanted to end child labor, failed in 1886
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Grange Movement - 1870-90
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an organization that would bring farmers together and advance their interests
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Booker T. Washington - 1881
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Founded Tuskegee Institute, a vocational school for African Americans, encouraged gradual equality
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WCTU - 1880's
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Women's Christian Temperance Union, marked the begining of the Prohibition movement
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Interoceanic Canal Community - 1876
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Nicaraguan route for a canal between the Atlantic and the Pacific
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"A Century of Dishonor" - 1881
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Written by Helen Hunt Jackson.
exposed the tragic American policy againts the Native Americans |
