Apush - Chapter 8

Front 1

What was the nation's capital when George Washington was elected?

Back 1

NYC

Front 2

What did Washington believe would preserve liberty and the destiny of the republican government?

Back 2

American experiment in self-government

Front 3

Washington's cabinet:

Back 3

T. Jefferson - Secretary of State
Hamilton - Secretary of Treasury
Knox - Secretary of War
Edmund Randolph - Att. General

Front 4

Who did Washington appoint head of Supreme Court?

Back 4

John Jay

Front 5

What were three goals of Hamilton's Program?

Back 5

economic stability/development; make the country a major commercial power; make country major military power

Front 6

What were the five parts of Hamilton's Program (and the sixth additional thing he wanted to do)?

Back 6

1. assume national and state debts
2. create new national debt
3. create Bank of United States
4. whiskey tax
5. Tariffs and subsidies to promote American-made goods
6. create national army

Front 7

Who supported Hamilton's program? What was the argument for opposing the program?

Back 7

financiers, manufacturers, and merchants; it relied too much on ties with Europe instead of westward expansion and they wanted a republic of independent farmers

Front 8

When opposing Hamilton's program, the South became strict ___________

Back 8

constructionists; Congress only had rights explicitly stated in Constitution

Front 9

What was the Jefferson/Hamilton compromise?

Back 9

Southerners agreed to assume national debts in exchange for the national capital being moved to the South (in order to enhance their power in government)

Front 10

What event led to war breaking out between France and Britain?

Back 10

execution of King Louis XVI and numerous aristocrats

Front 11

How did Jefferson and Hamilton/Washington feel about the French Revolution?

Back 11

Jefferson- "Francophile"; thought it was a victory for self-government
Ham/Wash- "Anglophile"; saw it as anarchy and thought we had to draw close to British

Front 12

Citizen Genet Affair:

Back 12

French guy Genet came to America looking for support and commissioned American ships to attack british; Washington asked for his recall

Front 13

What did the British do to Americans during the French Revolution?

Back 13

attack their ships and impress their sailors

Front 14

points of Jay's Treaty:

Back 14

- did not mention British impressment
- British abandoned western outposts
- US guaranteed favored treatment to British imports
- essentially cancelled French alliance

Front 15

What effects did Jay's Treaty have?

Back 15

sharpened political divisions and led to development of organized parties

Front 16

Federalist party (5) -

Back 16

- supported Washington
- favored Hamilton's economic program
- Anglophiles
- fixed social hierarchy
- no anarchy

Front 17

Whiskey Rebellion:

Back 17

Pennsylvania farmers sought to block whiskey tax; Washington put it down with militiamen

Front 18

Republican Party (3):

Back 18

- led by Madison and Jefferson
- Francophiles
- yay anarchy
-

Front 19

What helped the public sphere expand?

Back 19

the spread of newspapers and pamphlets

Front 20

What were the Democratic-Republican societies?

Back 20

societies formed by supporters of French Revolution and Washington critics

Front 21

What pamphlet was written stating that women should have greater access to education and paid employment?

Back 21

A Vindication of the Rights of Women by Mary Wollstonecraft

Front 22

Who was the first American woman to support herself as an author?

Back 22

Hannah Adams

Front 23

Who was one of the most accomplished American women of the era?

Back 23

Judith Sargent Murray

Front 24

Were women involved in politics in this time?

Back 24

The Constitution did not state that they couldn't vote, but it did use "he" when discussing officeholders

Front 25

What did Washington's farewell address warn against?

Back 25

permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world

Front 26

XYZ Affair:

Back 26

American diplomats went to France to negotiate a treaty replacing the one Jay's Treaty did away with; the French demanded major concessions

Front 27

What did the XYZ Affair lead to? In relation to that, what was Adams's best feat as president?

Back 27

a quasi-war with France; keeping us out of major war

Front 28

Fries's Rebellion:

Back 28

PA militia leader John Fries and a group released men from prison; Adams sent an army in that arrested and terrorized the area

Front 29

What was Adams's most controversial feat as president, and describe it.

Back 29

Alien and Sedition Acts; Alien- allowed deportation of people deemed "dangerous" by feds. Sedition- allowed prosecution of any one that criticized the government

Front 30

Virginia Resolution:

Back 30

drafted by Madison; called on federal courts to protect free speech (in response to Alien and Sedition Acts)

Front 31

Kentucky Resolution:

Back 31

drafted by Jefferson; stated that states could nullify federal laws that violated the Constitution

Front 32

Describe the election of 1800 and its effects:

Back 32

Due to a party agreement that each elector would discard one of their two votes, Jefferson and his running mate Burr reached a tie. It went to the House of Reps and Hamilton supported Jefferson. Effects: 12th Amendment

Front 33

"Revolution of 1800"

Back 33

parties changed power peacefully

Front 34

How did Congress deal with slavery in the 1790s?

Back 34

Even though Ben Franklin lobbied for Emancipation, S. Carolina and Georgia fought hard for it to be maintained. Madison said it should just be kept out of national politics, which it kind of was.

Front 35

Haitian Revolution:

Back 35

led by Toussaint L'Oueverture; rebel slaves formed an army and defeated British and French forces--> led to formation of independent Haiti

Front 36

Gabriel's Rebellion:

Back 36

led by Gabriel, Solomon, and Martin (3 slaves); planned to march on Richmond and kidnap/kill whites until slavery was abolished. Quakers, Methodists, and French were to be spared. A storm stopped rebellion from taking place, plot was discovered, they were killed

Front 37

What were the effects of Gabriel's Rebellion?

Back 37

legislature tightened reins on blacks; forbid them to meet on Sundays without white supervision and forbid masters from voluntarily freeing their slaves

Front 38

What did Jefferson do during his presidency? (5)

Back 38

- pardoned those under Alien and Sedition Acts
- reduced # of government employees
- slashed army and navy
- abolished all taxes but tariff
- aimed to minimize centralized power

Front 39

Judiciary Act of 1789:

Back 39

- determined number of justice
- defined Supreme Court

Front 40

Marbury v. Madison:

Back 40

on Adams's last night in office, he appointed a bunch of justices. Madison, Jefferson's Sec. of State, refused to allow them to take post. Madison won.
- Case enacted judicial review: Supreme Court has right to determine if Congress is violating Constitution

Front 41

Fletcher v. Peck

Back 41

extended judicial review to state laws

Front 42

irony of Louisiana Purchase:

Back 42

it occurred do to the rebellious Haitian slaves that Jefferson did not approve of; he also had to abandon constructionism because purchasing land was not mentioned in Constitution

Front 43

Why did the Louisiana Purchase take place?

Back 43

Jefferson feared that the nearby French would interfere with American trade, so he offered to purchase New Orleans from Napolean. Napolean offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory.

Front 44

Lewis and Clark Expeditions:

Back 44

Jefferson sent Lewis and Clarke to explore land for geographical and commercial purposes. Sacajawea was their Indian translator.

Front 45

How was it assimilating the people of New Orleans into the United States?

Back 45

the blacks of New Orleans had more freedoms under French rule, so their liberties decreased

Front 46

Did Jefferson get caught up in foreign entanglements?

Back 46

YUP.
- European wars effected American commerce
- Tripoli declared war on US, but navy won

Front 47

Embargo:

Back 47

Jefferson's attempt to piss off Britain and France; a ban on American vessels sailing for foreign ports. It devastated port cities' economies.

Front 48

Non-Intercourse Act:

Back 48

when Jefferson realized his screw up, he enacted this; it banned trade only with Britain and France until they rescinded their edicts against American shipping

Front 49

Macon's Bill No. 2:

Back 49

allowed trade to resume but stated that if France or Britain ceased interfering with American rights, the embargo could be reinstated (which did happen thanks to Madison)

Front 50

War Hawks: (leaders and what they wanted)

Back 50

led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of S. Carolina; wanted to declare war against Britain in defense of their insults

Front 51

How did Indians respond to the Louisiana Purchase?

Back 51

some (like Creek and Cherokee) realized that they could no longer oppose assimilation; others, "nativists," still resisted

Front 52

Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa:

Back 52

two Shawnee brothers who believed in the resistance of European forces; abandoned all American goods

Front 53

What led to the War of 1812?

Back 53

Reports that the British were encouraging Tecumseh's efforts

Front 54

How did the odds appear for the War of 1812?

Back 54

America was not militarily or financially prepared. Britain, however, was occupied with its affairs with France for a while.

Front 55

What treaty ended the war of 1812?

Back 55

Treaty of Ghent--> no exchange of territory and no provisions about impressment or shipping rights

Front 56

Hartford Convention:

Back 56

Federalists gathered and called for elimination of 3/5 clause, the requirement of 2/3 Congress vote to admit new states/declarations of war/laws restricting trade

Front 57

How'd the Hartford Convention turn out?

Back 57

People accused federalists of lacking patriotism, and their party disappeared in a few years.