Apush Chapter 4 Key Terms

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Robert Walpole

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generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. Although the position of "Prime Minister" had no recognition in law or official use at the time, Walpole is nevertheless acknowledged as having held the office de facto because of his influence within the Cabinet.

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Privy Council

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a body that advises the head of state of a nation concerning the exercise of executive authority, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on affairs of state.

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Benjamin Franklin

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one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity.

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New France

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the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River, by Jacques Cartier in 1534, to the cession of New France to Spain and Britain in 1763.

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Paltry Wages

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contemptibly small in amount

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Albany Plan

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It was an early attempt at forming a union of the colonies "under one government as far as might be necessary for defense and other general important purposes during the French and Indian War. Franklin's plan of union was one of several put forth by various delegates of the Albany Congress.

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French and Indian War

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1754 to 1763,In 1756 the war erupted into the world-wide conflict known as the Seven Years' War and thus came to be regarded as the North American theater of that war. In Canada, it is usually just referred to as the Seven Years' War, although French speakers in Quebec often call it La guerre de la Conquête ("The War of Conquest"). In Europe, there is no specific name for the North American part of the war. The name refers to the two main enemies of the British colonists: the royal French forces and the various Native American forces allied with them.

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Louis XIV

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His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715For much of Louis's reign, France stood as the leading European power, engaging in three major wars—the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession—and two minor conflicts—the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions. He encouraged and benefited from the work of prominent political, military and cultural figures such as Mazarin, Colbert, Turenne and Vauban, as well as Molière, Racine, Boileau, La Fontaine, Lully, Le Brun, Rigaud, Le Vau, Mansart, Perrault and Le Nôtre.

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Missionary Zeal

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is a Christian who has been sent to a foreign country to teach people about Christianity.

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Louis Joliet

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was a French Canadian explorer known for his discoveries in North America. Jolliet and Jesuit Father Jacques Marquette, a Catholic priest and missionary, were the first Europeans to explore and map the much of the Mississippi River in 1673.

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Father Jacques Marquette

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a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Ste. Marie, and later founded St. Ignace, Michigan. In 1673 Father Marquette and Louis Jolliet were the first Europeans to see and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River.

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Rene Robert Cavalier

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He explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, the Mississippi River, and the Gulf of Mexico. La Salle claimed the entire Mississippi River basin for France.

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The Iroquois Confederacy

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was a sophisticated political and social system. It united the territories of the five nations in a symbolic longhouse that stretched across the present-day state of New York.
The Iroquois Confederacy

The Iroquois Confederacy was a sophisticated political and social system. It united the territories of the five nations in a symbolic longhouse that stretched across the present-day state of New York.

The original five nations of the Confederacy were divided into two groups: the Elders, consisting of the Mohawk, the Onondaga, and the Seneca; and the Younger, the Oneida and the Cayuga.

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King Williams War

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The first of the French and Indian Wars, King William's War (1689–97) was the name used in the English colonies in America to refer to the North American theater of the War of the Grand Alliance (1688–97). It was fought between England, France, and their respective American Indian allies in the colonies of Canada (New France), Acadia, and New England.

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Fort Necessity

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The Battle of Fort Necessity occurred on July 3, 1754 and was an early battle of the French and Indian War.

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William Pitt

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was a British politician of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. He became the youngest Prime Minister in 1783 at the age of 24 (although at this period the term Prime Minister was not used). He left office in 1801, but was Prime Minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806. He was also Chancellor of the Exchequer throughout his premiership

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Siege of Quebec

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Siege that ended any French hopes of victory in the French and Indian wars, dooming their north American colonies.

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Peace of Paris 1763

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signed by Great Britain, France and Spain in agreement. It ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War.The treaty marked the beginning of an extensive period of British dominance outside Europe.

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Proclamation of 1763

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The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Great Britain's new North American empire and to stabilize relations with Native North Americans through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier

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Grenville Ministry

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The Grenville ministry made a number of the efforts to increase England's control of the colonies.

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Sugar Act

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Was a revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain on April 5, 1764

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Currency Act

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Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain that regulated paper money issued by the colonies of British America. The acts sought to protect British merchants and creditors from being paid in depreciated colonial currency.

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Paxton Boys

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The Paxton Boys was a vigilante group that murdered twenty Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre.

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Regulatory Movement

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Regulator movement, designation for two groups, one in South Carolina, the other in North Carolina, that tried to effect governmental changes in the 1760s.

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Stamp Act

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Was a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament specifically on the colonies of British America. The act required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London and carrying an embossed revenue stamp

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Virginia Resolves

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he Virginia Resolves were a series of resolutions passed by the Virginia General Assembly in response to the Stamp Act of 1765

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The Sons of Liberty

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The Sons of Liberty was a political group made up of American Patriots that originated in the pre-independence North American British colonies.

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The Tory’s

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Traditionalist political philosophy which grew out of the Cavalier faction in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms

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Mutiny Act

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The Mutiny Act was an act passed yearly by Parliament for governing the British Army.

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Quartering Act

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Colonists were required to supply British soldiers with food and shelter.

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Townshend Act

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The purpose of the Townshend Acts was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors and judges so that they would be independent of colonial control, to create a more effective means of enforcing compliance with trade regulations, to punish the province of New York for failing to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act,

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Navigation Act

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The English Navigation Acts were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies, which started in 1651

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Boston Massacre

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The Boston Massacre was an incident that led to the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British troops on March 5, 1770

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Samuel Adams

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Samuel Adams, one of the most ardent of the Founding Fathers in his desire for independence from England

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Loyalists

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Colonists supporting England

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Patriots

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Colonists against England

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Gaspee Incident

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British revenue ship that was burned and sink by the colonists

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Tea Act

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New taxes imposed on the colonist by England.

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Daughters of Liberty

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The Daughters of Liberty was a successful Colonial American group that consisted of women who displayed their patriotism by participating in boycotts

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Boston Tea Party

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Boston colonists refused to let revenue ships with tea enter the harbor but in the failed attempt they threw the tea into the harbor.

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Coercive Acts

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Series of five laws passed by the British Parliament

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First Continental Congress

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Delegates from twelve of the thirteen North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774

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John Adams

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Was an American politician and political philosopher and the second President of the United States

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Battle of Lexington and Concord

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Were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War

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General Thomas Gage

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Was a British general, best known for his role in the early days of the American War of Independence

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Paul Revere

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was an American silversmith and a patriot in the American Revolution.

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John Dickinson Letters to a farmer

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In a series of fourteen letters widely published in late 1767 and early 1768, John Dickinson counsels leaders on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean on the economic folly and unconstitutionality of new British revenue laws that ignore the rights of Englishmen living in the American Colonies.

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The Massachusetts Circular

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was a statement written by Samuel Adams and passed by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in February 1768 in response to the Townshend Acts.