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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which state was not represented at the Constitutional Convention?
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Rhode Island
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What was the average age of the convention delegates?
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44
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Which of the following is not true of the Virginia Plan?
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Every state would be represented in the upper house.
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Which state proposed an alternative to the Virginia Plan?
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New Jersey
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How did the delegates come up with the notion that a slave counted as three-fifths of a free person in determining representation and taxation?
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They believed a slave was three-fifths as productive as a free worker.
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In Madison's conception of the constitution, where did ultimate sovereignty lie?
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The people
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What argument did Madison make in favor of a large republic?
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No single faction could dominate a large republic.
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Which of the following was not a writer of the Federalist Papers?
A) John Adams B) John Jay C) Alexander Hamilton D) James Madison |
John Adams
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What was the Antifederalists' biggest complaint with the new constitution?
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It lacked a Bill of Rights.
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Which state refused even to call a convention to consider ratification of the Constitution?
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Rhode Island
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Which of the following was not completed by the First Congress?
A) The Bill of Rights B) The Northwest Ordinance C) The Judiciary Act of 1789 D) The organization of the Cabinet |
The Northwest Ordinance
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Which of the following did not serve in Washington's first cabinet?
A) Thomas Jefferson B) Henry Knox C) Alexander Hamilton D) Aaron Burr |
Aaron Burr
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Which of the following was not part of Hamilton's economic program?
A) Small farmers B) Manufacturers C) Merchants D) Speculators |
Small farmers
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Which of the following became the political and intellectual leader of the Republicans?
A) John Adams B) George Washington C) Alexander Hamilton D) Thomas Jefferson |
Thomas Jefferson
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Which of this following is not a tenet of the Republicans' political thought?
A) The notion of an agrarian republic B) A suspicion of large cities C) A suspicion of the French Revolution D) An opposition to an advanced industrial economy |
A suspicion of the French Revolution
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In what state did the Whiskey Rebellion occur?
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Pennsylvania
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Which of the following did not become a state during Washington's presidency?
A) Vermont B) Kentucky C) Tennessee D) Maine |
Maine
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Which article of the Constitution addressed the legal standing of Indian nations in the federal structure?
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It didn't
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How did "Citizen Genet" earn the wrath of George Washington?
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He tried to commission a military expedition to invade Spanish lands to the South.
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With whom was Jay's Treaty signed in 1794?
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England
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From what nation did Pinckney's Treaty secure American navigation rights to the Mississippi River?
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Spain
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What did "Messrs. X, Y, and Z" demand from American commissioners in Paris?
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A loan for France and a bribe for French officials
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Which of the following is not true of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
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They were adopted by many other states soon thereafter.
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In what state did Aaron Burr help make the difference for the Republican ticket in 1800?
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New York
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Aaron Burr
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New York Republican who mobilized the Tammany Society and ran as vice-president in 1800.
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Alexander Hamilton
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A Federalist leader from New York who was a young protégé of Robert Morris and America's first Secretary of the Treasury.
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Federalism
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A system of government in which powers are divided between a central government and local governments, giving each authority in its own sphere. The extent of and the limitations on this authority are defined in a constitution, which in the United States, also reserves certain powers to the people.
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Henry Knox
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Massachusetts Federalist and the first Secretary of War.
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Implied powers
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Powers that are not clearly defined in the Constitution, but, by implication, are granted to the government. Those who believe in the existence of such powers favor a "loose" interpretation of the Constitution, whereas those who hold that the Constitution authorizes nothing that is not spelled out specifically follow a "strict" interpretation.
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Implied powers doctrine
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The idea put forth by Hamilton in his argument in favor of the Bank, which held that the government has powers other than those enumerated in the Constitution. These "implied powers" rise from the government's right to select the means to exercise the powers it is given and from the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution.
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James Madison
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Federalist leader from Virginia and the "father of the Constitution."
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Jay's Treaty
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Treaty which re-established commercial relations with England.
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John Marshall
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Federalist appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court by John Adams in 1801.
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Judiciary Act of 1801
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Bill passed in the final days of the Adams administration to create Federalist judges.
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Matthew Lyon
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Republican congressman who attacked Federalist Roger Griswold with fire tongs.
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National bank
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A private (as opposed to government) institution into which government revenue is deposited. This bank issues currency, grants loans, and generally encourages commercial activity while stabilizing the economy.
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National system
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A system of government (as opposed to a federal system) in which the central government is supreme and the local units (states) surrender most of their sovereignty to it.
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New Jersey Plan
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Plan which called for a one-house legislature based on equal representation.
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Protective tariff
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A tax on goods that are brought into a country and compete with that country's own products. It is designed to drive up the cost of foreign goods and protect native manufacturers from disruptive competition.
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Report on Manufactures
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1791 plan that recommended the promotion of industrial growth.
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Republicans
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Opponents of the Federalist Party who arose as a group in the late 1790s.
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Revolution of 1800
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Phrase used by Thomas Jefferson to describe his political victory over John Adams.
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Separation of powers
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The division of governmental power among the various branches (legislative, executive, judicial) to prevent one branch from dominating the government.
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Tariff
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A tax on goods imported or exported by a country; in the United States, a tax on imported goods.
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Virginia Plan
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Plan which called for a national legislature of two houses that was based on population.
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Whiskey Rebellion
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1794 uprising of Pennsylvania farmers that was put down by threat of force.
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William Paterson
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Constitutional Convention delegate who proposed the New Jersey Plan.
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Constitutional Convention
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took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to address problems in governing the United States of America, which had been operating under the Articles of Confederation following independence from Great Britain.
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Why was the Constitutional Convention significant?
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i. Although intended only to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one.
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Virginia Plan
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was a proposal by Virginia delegates, drafted by James Madison. It set forth the idea of population-weighted representation in the proposed national legislature.
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New Jersey Plan
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created in response to the Virginia Plan's call for two houses of Congress, both elected with apportionment according to population or direct taxes paid.
1. Proposed an alternate plan that would have given one vote per state for equal representation under one legislative body |
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3/5 Compromise
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between Southern and Northern states reached during in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. It was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman.
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When was the Final document of constitution done?
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September 17, 1787
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When was constitution ratified?
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March 4, 1789
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Anti-Federalists or Republicans
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dictate that the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states
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Federalist Papers
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The Federalist remains a primary source for interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, as the essays outline a lucid and compelling version of the philosophy and motivation of the proposed system of government.
a. The authors of the Federalist papers wanted both to influence the vote in favor of ratification and to shape future interpretations of the Constitution |
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Bill of Rights
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1st 10 amendments. An agreement to create the Bill of Rights helped to secure ratification of the Constitution itself
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Hamilton’s Three Reports
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Report on Public Credit
Report on a National Bank Report on Manufacturing these reports were proposed to help the economy and make the U.S. seem credible in front of other governments |
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Hamilton's Report on Public Credit
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All debts were to be paid at face value. The Federal government would assume all of the debts owed by the states, and it would be financed with new U.S. government bonds paying about 4% interest.
2. The government would not pay back the principal on the bonds, merely the interest, which would be paid by a new tariff and a stiff excise tax on liquor. |
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Hamilton's Report on a National Bank
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request of Congress for consideration on establishing a national banking system with the creation of the Bank of the United States; privately operated but owned in part by the government.
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Report on Manufacturing
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recommended economic policies to stimulate the new republic's economy and ensure the independence won with the conclusion of the Revolutionary War in 1783.
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Whiskey tax
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first of many controversial taxes to pay back debts. Led to the Whiskey Rebellion.
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Jeffersonian viewpoint
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wanted lower voting qualifications, distrusted the privilege of the wealthy.
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Whiskey Rebellion
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western dissatisfaction with various policies of the eastern-based national government. The name of the uprising comes from a 1791 excise tax on whiskey that was a central grievance of the westerners.
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French Revolution and the Proclamation of Neutrality
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issued by United States President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to warring countries.
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Jay’s Treaty
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was a treaty between the United States and the Great Britain that is credited with averting war, solved many issues left over from the American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris of 1783, and opened ten or more years of mostly peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars that began in 1793.
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Pinckney Treaty
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signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River.
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Washington’s Farewell Address
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written with the help of Hamilton. Supported the constitution, why he wanted to retire and the danger of partisanship.
1. avoid partisan politics and entangling alliances |
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Quasi war with France
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undeclared naval war with France. Conflict over the Kingdom and Republic of France.
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XYZ Affair
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was a diplomatic episode that soured relations between France and the United States and led to an undeclared naval war called the Quasi War; it took place from March of 1798 to 1800.
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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were four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress during the Quasi-War. They were signed into law by President John Adams. Proponents claimed the acts were designed to protect the Catholics from alien citizens of enemy powers and to prevent seditious attacks from weakening the government. Southerners and Westerners were against it.
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolution
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political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures resolved to not abide by Alien and Sedition Acts. They argued that the Acts were unconstitutional and therefore void, and in doing so, they argued for states' rights and strict constructionist of the Constitution.
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“Revolution of 1800”
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Jefferson took office and since he was anti- federalist it was considered revolutionary.
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“midnight appointments”
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”- when John Adams tried to secure federalist control in the Judiciary section by appointing federalists in the positions even into the last few hours in the White House.
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John Marshall
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was an American jurist and statesman who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court a center of power. Marshall was Chief Justice of the United States, serving from January 31, 1801, until his death in 1835. Secretary of State under President . Marshall was from the Commonwealth of Virginia and a leader of the Federalist Party.
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