Apr Study Prep - Communication Models And Theories

Front 1

Agenda-Setting Process (Rogers and Dearing 1996)

Back 1

A very fluid, dynamic attempt to get the attention of the media, the public, and / or policy-makers.

Front 2

Three parties to agenda-setting theory

Back 2

1 - Media
2 - Public
3 - Policy-makers

Front 3

Agenda (Rogers and Dearing 1996)

Back 3

A set of issues resulting from dynamic interplay.

Front 4

Agenda setting theory is one-way or multi-directional?

Back 4

Multi-directional - it is dynamic, can flow in either direction, or rearrange the parts.

Front 5

Percentage of news stories over a 20 year period that have been substantially based on news releases or other pr efforts (McCombs 2004)

Back 5

Close to 50%

Front 6

Agenda Setting Theory

Back 6

Theory that describes the interaction between media, publics, and policymakers to influence and control the agenda with the ultimate goal of creating policy change or creating action

Front 7

Diffusion Theory

Back 7

Describes how an idea or innovation gains acceptance by the public

Front 8

Five Stages in Diffusion of Innovation

Back 8

1 - Awareness
2 - Interest
3 - Evaluation
4 - Trial
5 - Adoption

Front 9

Five types of people according to Diffusion Theory

Back 9

1 - Innovators
2 - Early Adopters
3 - Early Majority
4 - Majority
5 - Nonadopters (Laggards)

Front 10

Innovators (Diffusion Theory)

Back 10

Well educated independent thinkers who have expendable income and contacts outside of the community but are not influential within the community. Will try untested products.

Front 11

Early Adopters (Diffusion Theory)

Back 11

Are influential within a community, well educated, expendable income, but will not try untried products or ideas. Will be among the first to try once tested.

Front 12

Early Majority (Diffusion Theory)

Back 12

Indicates the tipping point in the diffusion process.

Front 13

Six elements of Shannon-Weaver Communication Model (Simple)

Back 13

1 - Sender
2 - Encoder
3 - Channel(s)
4 - Decoder
5 - Receiver
(6 - Noise)

Front 14

What element is needed in Shannon-Weaver Model to make it actual communication?

Back 14

Feedback Loop

Front 15

Fuzzy Language

Back 15

Communication Barrier

Front 16

Misalignment with culture and values

Back 16

Communication Barrier

Front 17

History of Distrust

Back 17

Communication Barrier

Front 18

Distractions

Back 18

Communication Barrier

Front 19

Negative influencers

Back 19

Communication Barrier

Front 20

Lack of Credibility

Back 20

Communication Barrier

Front 21

Unreliable Media

Back 21

Communication Barrier

Front 22

Stress with use of a specific channel

Back 22

Communication Barrier

Front 23

Gatekeepers

Back 23

Communication Barrier

Front 24

What does Schramm add to the communication model?

Back 24

Context - parties will interpret and respond based on their frame of reference

Front 25

Broom's 7 Cs of COmmunication

Back 25

1 - Clarity
2 - Credibility
3 - Content
4 - Context
5 - Continuity
6 - Capability
7 - Channels

Front 26

Publics

Back 26

People who are somehow mutually involved or interdependent with particular organizations

Front 27

Four types of publics (Grunig)

Back 27

1 - All-issue publics who are active on all issues
2 - Apathetic publics who are inattentive and inactive on all issues
3 - Single-issue publics who are active on a limited number of issues
4 - Hot-issue publics who respond and become active after being exposed to an issue

Front 28

Four labels of publics (Grunig)

Back 28

1 - Non-publics who are not involved
2 - Latent who are not aware of their connection
3 - Aware - aware of connection but have not acted
4 - Active - aware and have taken action

Front 29

Four elements of public opinion

Back 29

1 - Opinion, a view, judgement or appraisal formed int he mind about a particular matter
2 - Belief, a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or thing
3 - Attitude, a) a mental positon with regard to a fact or state; b) a feeling or emotion toward a fact or state.
4 - Value, something intrinsically valuable or desireable; something esteemed

Progressively harder to change 1-4

Front 30

Of opinions, beliefs, attitudes, or values, which is the easiest to change

Back 30

Opinions

Front 31

Eight elements of Lang & Lang's Public Opinion Process

Back 31

1 - Existing mass opinion
2 - issue
3 - Creates a public
4 - Public Debate
5 - Time (all encompassing element)
6 - Public Opinion
7 - Social Action
8. Mass Sentiment (which becomes #1 in future)