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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A-B Design
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2 phase experimental design consisting of a pre-treatment baseline condition (A) followed by a treatment condition (B)
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A-B-A Design
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3-phase design consisting of
initial baseline phase (A) until steady state, (B) implemented until behavior has changed and steady state, return to baseline (A) by withdrawing IV (B) |
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A-B-A-B Design
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A-B-A design with addition of second intervention phase to see if initial treatment effects are replicated
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A-B-C Design
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Alternating treatment design
(a multielement design) |
Design in which baseline period is followed by a second phase in which 2 IVs are administered, and the more effective IV is continues to phase 3.
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A-B Design
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2 phase experimental design consisting of a pre-treatment baseline condition (A) followed by a treatment condition (B)
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A-B-A Design
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3-phase design consisting of
initial baseline phase (A) until steady state, (B) implemented until behavior has changed and steady state, return to baseline (A) by withdrawing IV (B) |
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A-B-A-B Design
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A-B-A design with addition of second intervention phase to see if initial treatment effects are replicated
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A-B-C Design
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Alternating treatment design
(a multielement design) |
Design in which baseline period is followed by a second phase in which 2 IVs are administered, and the more effective IV is continues to phase 3.
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Applied Research
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Research that is technologically useful??
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Arbitrary matching-to-sample
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Ascending trend
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An increasing data path.
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B-A-B
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Baseline
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Condition of an experiment in which IV is not present; data obtained during baseline is basis for determining effects of IV.
Does not mean absence of tx, only absence of specific IV |
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Behavior
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The portion of an organism's interaction with it's environment.
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Changing Criterion Design
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Design in which baseline is followed by phases of successive and gradually changing criteria.
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Confound
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Extraneous variables that effect the IV
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Continuous Measurement
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Measurement conducted so that all instances of the response class are detected during the observation period.
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Discontinous Measurement
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Any form of measurement in which some instances of the response class may not be detected.
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Cumulative Recorder
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Dependent Variable
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The variable in an experiment measured to determine if it changes as a result of manipulations of the IV.
"Some measure of socially significant behavior" |
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Descending Trend
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A decreasing data path
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Empirical
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Verifiable or provable by means of observation or experiment
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Event Recording
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Documents individual occurrences of a response or stimulus during an observation period.
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Experiment
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Comparison of some measure of the DV under 2 or more different conditions in which the IV differs from one condition to another
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Experimental Control
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When a predictable change in the DV can be produced by the systematic manipulation of the IV
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Experimental Design
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Type and sequence of conditions in a study so that comparisons of the effects of the presence and absence of the IV can be made.
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Experiment Question
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A statement of what the researcher seeks to learn by conducting the experiment.
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Extraneous Variable
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Other variables in the environment that may affect experimental control.
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Frequency
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Ratio of count per observation time
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Functional Relation
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When a change in the DV is produced by systematic manipulations of the IV and the change unlidely to be result of other extraneous variables
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Graphing
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Independent Variable
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The variable that is systematically manipulated to see whether changes in the IV produce reliable changes in the DV.
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Interval Validity
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Inter observer agreement
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When 2 or more observers report the same observed values after measuring the same event.
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Irreversibility
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When the level of responding in a previous phase cannot be reproduced even thought conditions are the same
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Latency
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Time from the onset of a stimulus to the initiation of a response
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Multiple Baseline Design
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Multi-Element Design
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Partial Interval Recording
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Observation is divided into brief time intervals; observer records whether target behavior occurs at ANY TIME during interval
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Percent Correct
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Number of correct responses expressed as a number of parts per 100
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Permanent Product
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Measuring a behavior after it occurred by measuring it's effects on the environment
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Procedural Integrity
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Replication
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Repeating of experiments to determine the reliability and usefulness of findings and determine mistakes.
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Reversal Design
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Design in which to verify the effect of the IV by reversing responding to a level in a previous level.
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Semi-logarithmic Chart
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Single Subject research designs
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Demonstrate experimental control within a single subject
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Social Validity
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The extent to which target behaviors are socially appropriate and the extent to which significant changes are produced; intervention procedures are acceptable.
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Trend
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The overall direction of a data path
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Validity
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Extent to which data from measurement are relevant to the target behavior and to the reason for measuring it
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Withdrawal design
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Design in which an effective treatment is withdrawn to promote maintenance of behavior.
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Shaping
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Using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior.
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Successive approximation
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The sequence of new response classes that emerge during the shaping process as the result of differential reinforcement; each successive response class is closer in form to the terminal behavior than the response class it replaces.
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general case analysis
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A systematic process for identifying and selecting teaching examples that represent the full range of stimulus variations and response requirements in the generalization setting(s).
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generalization
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A generic term for a variety of behavioral processes and behavior change outcomes.
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indiscriminable contingency
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A contingency that makes it difficult for the learner to discriminate whether the next response will produce reinforcement.
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instructional setting
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The environment where instruction occurs; includes all aspects of the environment, planned and unplanned, that may influence the learner's acquisition and generalization of the target behavior.
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programming common stimuli
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A tactic for promoting setting/situation generalization by making the instructional setting similar to the generalization setting; the two-step process involves (1) identifying salient stimuli that characterize the generalization setting and (2) incorporating those stimuli into the instructional setting.
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response generalization
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The extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior.
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response maintenance
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The extent to which a learner continues to perform the target behavior after a portion or all of the intervention responsible for the behavior's initial appearance in the learner's repertoire has been terminated.
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setting/situation generalization
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The extent to which a learner emits the target behavior in a setting or stimulus situation that is different from the instructional setting.
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