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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Absorption
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The transport of dissolved substances into cells
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Digestion
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The breakdown of absorbed substances
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Respiration
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The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy
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Excretion
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The removal of soluble waste materials
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Egestion
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The removal of non-soluble waste materials
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Secretion
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The release of biosynthesized substances
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Homeostasis
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Maintaining the status quo in a cell
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Reproduction
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Producing more cells
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Cytology
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The study of cells
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Cell wall
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A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
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Middle lamella
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The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells
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Plasma membrane
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The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings
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Cytoplasm
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A jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
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Ions
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Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons
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Cytoplasmic streaming
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The motion of the cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents
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Mitochondria
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The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
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Lysosome
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The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids
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Ribosomes
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Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis
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Endoplasmic reticulum
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An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell
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Rough ER
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ER (Endoplasmic reticulum) that is dotted with ribosomes
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Smooth ER
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ER (Endoplasmic reticulum) that has no ribosomes
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Golgi bodies
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The organelles in which proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell
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Leucoplasts
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Organelles that store starches or oils
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Chromoplasts
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Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis
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Central vacuole
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A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes
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Waste vacuoles
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Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion
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Phagocytosis
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The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells
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Phagocytic vacuole
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A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs
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Pinocytic vesicle
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Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules
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Secretion vesicle
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Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released
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Microtubules
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Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tube-like structure
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Nuclear membrane
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A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
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Chromatin
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Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
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Cytoskeleton
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A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell keep its shape, and aids in movement
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Microfilaments
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Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell’s cytoskeleton
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Intermediate filaments
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Threadlike proteins in the cell’s cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
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Phospholipid
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A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group
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Passive transport
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Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion
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Active transport
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Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy
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Isotonic solution
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A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution
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Hypertonic solution
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A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution
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Plasmolysis
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Collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to lack of water
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Cytolysis
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The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure
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Hypotonic solution
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A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution
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Activation energy
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Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going
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