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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomotion or engulfing food?
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Pseudopod
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What is the region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's main DNA?
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Nucleus
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What is a membrane-bounded sac within a cell?
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Vacuole
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What is the thin, watery cytoplasm near the plasma membrane of some cells?
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Ectoplasm
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What is the dense cytoplasm found in the interior of many cells?
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Endoplasm
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What is a protozoa that propels itself with a flagellum?
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Flagellate
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What is a firm, flexible coating outside the plasma membrane?
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Pellicle
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What is an organelle containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis?
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Chloroplast
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What is a pigment necessary for photosynthesis?
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Chlorophyll
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What is a light-sensitive region in certain protozoa?
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Eyespot
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What is a close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits?
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Symbiosis
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What is a relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit from the association?
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Mutualism
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What is a relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited?
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Commensalism
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What is a relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed?
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Parasitism
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What are hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion?
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Cilia
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What is a reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating?
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Spore
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What are tiny organisms that float in the water?
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Plankton
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What are tiny floating organisms that are either small animals or protozoa?
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Zooplankton
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What are tiny floating photosynthetic organisms, primarily algae?
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Phytoplankton
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What is the body of a plant-like organism that is not divided into leaves, roots, or stems?
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Thallus
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What is a substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms?
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Cellulose
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What is a special structure used by an organism to anchor itself?
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Holdfast
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What is a colony that uses holdfasts to anchor itself to an object?
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Sessile colony
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Which phylum of subkingdom Protozoa moves by means of a flagellum?
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Mastigophora
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Which phylum of subkingdom Protozoa moves by means of cilia?
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Ciliophora. An example of one of these Protozoans would be a Paramecium
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Which phylum of subkingdom Protozoa moves by means of a pseudopod?
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Sarcodina
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Which phylum of subkingdom Protozoa has no means of locomotion?
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Sporozoa
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Which phylum of subkingdom Algae has strong, thick cell walls made of silicon dioxide?
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Chrysophyta
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Which phylum of subkingdom Algae has two flagellates, one stored in a groove around the cell?
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Pyrrophyta
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Which phylum of subkingdom Algae is green with cellulose cell walls?
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Chlorophyta
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Which phylum of subkingdom Algae is red living in multicellular colonies?
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Rhodophyta
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Which phylum of subkingdom Algae is brownish green living in multicellular colonies?
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Phaeophyta
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What is the difference between a food vacuole and a contractile vacuole?
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A food vacuole stores food during digestion, while a contractile vacuole stores water in sacs to monitor the amount of water in a microroganism and prevent it from exploding.
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What is the difference between endoplasm and ectoplasm?
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Endoplasm is a dense cytoplasm, located in the interior of many cells, while the ectoplasm is rather watery and is near the plasma membrane.
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The amoeba and euglena each have different means of locomotion. How are they different? How are they similar?
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An amoeba moves by means of a pseudopod, used for both moving and grabbing food. A euglena moves by means of its flagellum. They both change shape when moving.
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What is the suffix of the phyla for subkingdom Algae?
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"Phyta": chlorophyta, chrysophyta, phaeophyta, pyrrophyta, rhodophyta
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Are algae completely heterotrophic or completely autotrophic?
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Completely autotrophic.
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Are protozoas mainly heterotropic or mainly autotrophic?
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Mainly heterotrophic.
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What protozoas live in your body and are not harmful?
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Entamoeba gingivalis (mouth) and Entamoeba coli (colon).
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What protozoas are pathogenic to your body?
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Entameoba histolytica (severe dysentary), Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness via the tsetse fly), Balantidium coli (severe dysentary via pigs/rats), Plasmodium (malaria via mosquitoes), and Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis--severe birth defects--via cats).
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Which protozoas produce a slimy coating on rocks near a pond, lake, or slow moving river?
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Amoebas
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Which protozoas have both heterotrophic and autotrophic abilities due to a special organelle attracted to light?
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Euglenas
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Which protozoa has both heterotrophic and autotrophic abilities, has two flagella, and live in colonies?
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Volvox
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Which protozoas have two nuclei and feeds itself with the help of cilia?
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Paramecia
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Which protozoas reproduce using spores as part of its natural life cycle?
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Sporozoas
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Which phylum of protozoas are all pathogenic?
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Sporozoas
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What is the function of the macronucleus in a paramecium?
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The macronucleus controls metabolism.
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What is the function of the micronucleus in a paramecium?
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The micronucleus controls reproduction.
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A microorganism produces a hard shell in order to reproduce as a part of its natural life cycle. Is it from kingdom Monera or kingdom Protista?
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Kingdom Protista (Sporozoa)
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A microorganism produces a hard shell in order to survive a harsh environment. This microorganism only produces a hard shell for emergencies; this is not a normal part of the life cyle. Is it from kingdom Monera or kingdom Protista?
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Kingdom Monera (endospore)
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Where do you find thin and watery cytoplasm in an amoeba?
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Near the plasma membrane
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Where do you find thick and dense cytoplasm in an amoeba?
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Near the middle of the amoeba
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Which protozoa stores its food in a gullet, which is pinched off, and becomes a food vacuole?
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Paramecium
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Two microorganisms just experienced conjugation. After the conjugation, the recipient looks just like the donor. To what kingdom do these microorganisms belong?
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Kingdom Monera
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Two microorganisms just experienced conjugation. After the conjugation, the microorganisms each reproduce, but their offspring are not exact duplicates of the parents. To what kingdom do these microorganisms belong?
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Kingdom Protista
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What group of organisms produced three-fourths of all oxygen on the earth?
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Phytoplankton
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Within subkingdom of algae (also called phytoplankton), which phylum produces the most oxygen?
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Chrysophyta, or diatoms
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What are large deposits of diatoms called? Name two uses.
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Diatomaceous earth is used as an abrasive (rough substance) in toothpaste and as bug-killer for crawling insects.
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Why should environmentalists hug diatoms?
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Diatoms are the greatest producers of oxygen on the planet.
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What green chemical is found in both Euglena (a protozoa) and Chlorophyta (green algae)? What organelle stores this chemical in both protistas?
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Chlorophyll, stored in the organelle chloroplast
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A scientist sees evidence of a large number of dead fish floating in red water. Oddly, mollusks are alive. What is the name of bloom that caused this? What is the phylum and generic name of the algae that caused it? Should you eat clams from this water?
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This is a red tide, caused by phylum Phyrrophyta, or dinoflagellates. They produced a toxin that killed the fish. Even though mollusks are immune to the poisons, humans that eat them are not and will die.
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What two phyla contain macroscopic algae?
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Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta
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What three phyla of algae primarily live as single cells?
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Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, and Pyrrophyta
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What two phyla of algae primarily live as multicellular organisms?
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Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta
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Whenever you eat ice cream, pudding, salad dressing, and jelly beans, you are ingesting a thickening agent from what phylum of algae?
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Phaeophyta (brown algae)
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Do red algae (phylum Rhodophyta) cause a red tide?
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No, dinoflagellates (phylum Pyrrophyta causes a red tide)
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Which phylum of algae did you see beachcombing in Alaska's cold marine waters?
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Phaeophyta (brown algae), namely rockweed
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Which phylum of algae would a seaweed farmer in the warm Philippine Sea gather?
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Rhodophyta (red algae)
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What is the purpose of a food vacuole? Name one phylum in which you expect to see it.
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It stores food and is found in Sarcodina, Mastigophora, and Ciliophora.
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What is the purpose of a contractile vacuole? Name one phylum in which you expect to see it.
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It releases excess water, reducing pressure, and is found in Sarcodina, Mastigophora, and Ciliophora.
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What is the purpose of a flagellum? Name one phylum in which you expect to see it.
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It causes locomotion and is found in Mastigophora and Pyrrophyta.
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What is the purpose of a pellicle? Name one phylum in which you expect to see it.
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It retains cell shape and is found in Mastigophora and Cilliophora.
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What is the purpose of a chloroplast? Name one phylum in which you expect to see it.
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It stores chlorophyll and is found in Mastigophora and Chlorophyta.
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What is the purpose of an eyespot? Name one phylum in which you expect to see it.
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It detects light and is found in Mastigophora.
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What is the purpose of cilia? Name one phylum in which you expect to see it.
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They cause locomotion and are found in Ciliophora.
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What is the purpose of a nucleus? Name one phylum in which you expect to see it.
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It contains DNA and is found in all phlya.
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What is the purpose of an oral groove? Name one phylum in which you expect to see it.
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It takes in food and allows conjugation and is found in Ciliophora.
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What is the purpose of a gullet? Name one phylum in which you expect to see it.
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It stores food and becomes a food vacuole and is found in Ciliophora.
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What is t primary difference beween kingdom Monra and Kingdom Protista?
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main difference is that organisms in kingdom Monera are prokaryotic, whereas those in Protista are eukaryotic.
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What is the primary differnce between eukaryotc cells and prokaryotic cells?
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Eukaryotic cells have distinct, membrane-bounded organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
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What are the two main groups in kingdom Protista?
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Kingdom Protista is divided into two main groups: protozoa (proh' tuh zoh' uh) and algae (al' jee). They are often called subkingdom Protozoa and subkingdom Algae as each contains a number of phyla.
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Characterize sub-kingdom Protozoa.
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Most protozoa exist as individuals, most are single-celled creatures, are heterotrophic, and have a means of locomotion.
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Characterize sub-kingdom Algae.
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Most algae form colonies, are autotrophic, and most algae simply float on or near the top of a body of water.
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What are the four major phyla in subkingdom Protozoa?
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There four major phyla in subkingdom Protozoa are : phylum Mastigophora (mas tih gah' for uh), phylum Sarcodina (sar kuh die' nuh), phylum Ciliophora (sil ee ah' for uh), and phylum Sporozoa (spor' uh zoh' uh).
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How are the four major phyla in subkingdom Protozoa characterized?
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These phyla are distinguished from one another based on their organisms' method of locomotion.
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What are the five major phyla in subkingdom Algae?
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Subkingdom Algae, on the other hand, contains five major phyla: phylum Chlorophyta (klor' uh fye' tuh), phylum Chrysophyta (cry' so fye' tah), phylum Pyrrophyta (pie' roh fye' tuh), phylum Phaeophyta (fay' uh fye' tuh), and phylum Rhodophyta (roh' duh fye' tuh).
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How are the the five major phyla in subkingdom Algae characterized?
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The 5 phyla in kingdom Algae are based on habitat, organization, and type of cell wall.
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Construct a biological key for separation of organisms in kingdom Protista into phyla.
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Biological Key for separating members of kingdom Protista into phyla:
1. Organism is completely autotrophic........................................subkingdom Algae...............2 Organism is heterotrophic ..........................................................subkingdom Protozoa..........6 2. Single-celled ................................................................................................3 Multicellular .....................................................................................................5 3. Cell wall made of silicon dioxide ..................................................................phylum Chrysophyta Cell wall made of cellulose or is atypical .......................................................4 4. Marine habitat ................................................................................................phylum Pyrrophyta Fresh water habitat ............................................................................................phylum Chlorophyta 5.* Cell wall made of cellulose and alginic acid .................................................phylum Phaeophyta Cell wall made just of cellulose ..........................................................................phylum Rhodophyta 6. Possesses a means of locomotion ...............................................................7 Possesses no means of locomotion ...................................................................phylum Sporozoa 7. Uses pseudopods for locomotion ...................................................................phylum Sarcodina Does not use pseudopods for locomotion ........................................................8 8. Uses cilia for locomotion ................................................................................phylum Ciliophora Uses flagella for locomotion ...............................................................................phylum Mastigophora *This key could ask whether habitat is warm water or cold water. That would separate the two phyla as well Your key does not have to be in the same order, but it should contain these same kinds of questions. It might have a few more steps or a few less, depending on how you set up the key. |
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What is the most striking feature of creatures in Phylum Sarcodina?
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The most striking feature of the organisms in this phylum is that they have no standard body shape. They are enclosed in a flexible plasma membrane that allows them to change shape at will.
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